Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation

Sleep deprivation is associated with considerable social, financial, and healthrelated costs, in large measure because it produces impaired cognitive performance due to increasing sleep propensity and instability of waking neurobehavioral functions. Cognitive functions particularly affected by sleep loss include psychomotor and cognitive speed, vigilant and executive attention, working memory, and higher cognitive abilities. Chronic sleep-restriction experiments-which model the kind of sleep loss experienced by many individuals with sleep fragmentation and premature sleep curtailment due to disorders and lifestyle-demonstrate that cognitive deficits accumulate to severe levels over time without full awareness by the affected individual. Functional neuroimaging has revealed that frequent and progressively longer cognitive lapses, which are a hallmark of sleep deprivation, involve distributed changes in brain regions including frontal and parietal control areas, secondary sensory processing areas, and thalamic areas. There are robust differences among individuals in the degree of their cognitive vulnerability to sleep loss that may involve differences in prefrontal and parietal cortices, and that may have a basis in genes regulating sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythms. Thus, cognitive deficits believed to be a function of the severity of clinical sleep disturbance may be a product of genetic alleles associated with differential cognitive vulnerability to sleep loss.

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2011

Waking neurobehavioral performance is temporally regulated by a sleep/wake homeostatic process and a circadian process in interaction with a time-on-task effect. Neurobehavioral impairment resulting from these factors is task-specific, and characterized by performance variability. Several aspects of these phenomena are not well understood, and cannot be explained solely by a top-down (subcortically driven) view of sleep/wake and performance regulation. We present a bottom-up theory, where we postulate that task performance is degraded by local, usedependent sleep in neuronal groups subserving cognitive processes associated with the task at hand. The theory offers explanations for the temporal dependence of neurobehavioral performance on time awake, time on task, and their interaction; for the effectiveness of task switching and rest breaks to overcome the time-on-task effect (but not the effects of sleep deprivation); for the taskspecific nature of neurobehavioral impairment; and for the stochastic property of performance variability.

Biology of Sport

One night of sleep deprivation INTRODUCTION Sleep loss affects motor and cognitive performance, the immune system, and emotional and physical well-being [1, 2]. From an epistemological point of view, sleep loss may play a role in the increased prevalence of diabetes and/or obesity [3]. Sleep deprivation increases homeostatic sleep drive and degrades waking neurobehavioral functions, as reflected in sleepiness (the condition of being in a drowsy state due to lack of sleep) and impaired attention, cognitive speed and memory [4]. However, other researchers have shown that performance of complex cognitive tasks may not be impacted by disrupted sleep as severely as that of simple cognitive tasks [5, 6]. Sleepiness differs from fatigue, which is characterized by a decline in performance capacity during physical work and depends on both central and peripheral mechanisms [7, 8]. Prolonged and/or intense stimulation of the central nervous system may produce conscious awareness of fatigue, which contributes to cognitive and emotional disturbances [9, 10] and a reduced ability to activate muscles [11]. A previous study concluded that the psychomotor vigilance test of simple reaction time (RT) is a reliable outcome metric for

Sleep Medicine …, 2012

Keywords: Sleep loss Fatigue Sleepiness Neurobehavioral performance Task impurity Cognitive processes Brain activation Diffusion model Cognitive architecture Local sleep

University of The People, 2023

This research paper was authored by Paula Alhola and Päivi Polo-Kantola, who investigated the impact of sleep disorders on a person's cognitive abilities, namely attention, working memory and decision-making. The study also explored the effects of partial sleep deprivation on cognition. Additionally, the research highlighted the recovery process from sleep deprivation, taking into account various factors such as gender, age, and social variables, which can influence the speed of recovery (Alhola & Polo-Kantola, 2007).

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2011

A substantial body of literature supports the intuitive notion that a good night's sleep can facilitate human cognitive performance the next day. Deficits in attention, learning & memory, emotional reactivity, and higher-order cognitive processes, such as executive function and decision making, have all been documented following sleep disruption in humans. Thus, whilst numerous clinical and experimental studies link human sleep disturbance to cognitive deficits, attempts to develop valid and reliable rodent models of these phenomena are fewer, and relatively more recent. This review focuses primarily on the cognitive impairments produced by sleep disruption in rodent models of several human patterns of sleep loss/sleep disturbance. Though not an exclusive list, this review will focus on four specific types of sleep disturbance: total sleep deprivation, experimental sleep fragmentation, selective REM sleep deprivation, and chronic sleep restriction. The use of rodent models can provide greater opportunities to understand the neurobiological changes underlying sleep loss induced cognitive impairments. Thus, this review concludes with a description of recent neurobiological findings concerning the neuroplastic changes and putative brain mechanisms that may underlie the cognitive deficits produced by sleep disturbances.

SLEEP-NEW YORK …, 2004

In humans, sleep loss produces a range of fundamental neurocognitive deficits such as reductions in vigilance, working memory, and executive function. 1,2 Large interindividual differences in these deficits have been observed, however, accounting for a substantial portion of the variance. Yet, interindividual variability in responses to sleep deprivation has been mostly overlooked in the scientific literature. Because recent sleep history can have a significant effect on neurobehavioral functions, 4,5 it could be hypothesized that interindividual differences in sleep history may explain the observed differences in responses to subsequent sleep deprivation. Still, variability in sleep history does not explain the persistent interindividual differences encountered in laboratory-based sleep-deprivation studies that control for prior sleep. 4,6 To date, only 4 studies 6-9 have systematically evaluated interindividual variability in neurobehavioral deficits from sleep loss by repeatedly subjecting individuals to sleep deprivation, and none of these studies have properly quantified the magnitude and nature of the observed variability.

The duration of sleep, wakefulness and dynamic changes in human performance are determined by neural and genetic mechanisms. Sleep deprivation and chronic restriction of sleep cause perturbations of circadian rhythmicity and degradation of waking alertness as reflected in attention, cognitive efficiency and memory. In this work we report on multiple neurobehavioral correlates of sleep loss in healthy adults in an unprecedented study comprising 21 consecutive days divided into periods of 4 days of regular life (a baseline), 10 days of chronic partial sleep restriction and 7 days of recovery. Throughout the whole experiment we continuously measured the spontaneous locomotor activity by means of actigraphy with 1-minute resolution in two acquisition modes (frequency and intensity of movement). Moreover, on daily basis the subjects were undergoing EEG measurements (64-electrodes with 500 Hz sampling frequency): resting state with eyes open and closed (RS; 8 minutes long each) followed b...

Sleep deprivation - and its effects on brain function, 2024

Sleep deprivation can be considered in two ways; partial and total. Where partial sleep deprivation is less than 6 and more than 1 hour of sleep at night while total sleep deprivation is 0 to 1 hour of sleep at night. Research consistently shows that sleep deprivation has a negative impact on memory and working memory (Newbury, 2021; Li, 2024). This is particularly concerning for adolescents, who are at a high risk for mental health issues and are more susceptible to sleep loss (Uccella, 2023). Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize healthy sleep habits, especially in this age group, to support their cognitive and mental well-being. It is to be noted most crucial effects take place when there is an absence of SWS. The research aims to define the parameters for the size of effect on brain functions and their impact. To do so we have picked articles related to the effect of TSD/PSD on learning, working memory, neurobehavioral function, mental health and physical health.

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 2014

Results obtained from experimental and clinical studies to date provide evidence supporting the view that sleep disturbance degrades learning, memory, and attention, weakens higher-order cognitive process, influences decision-taking, and alters emotional status. Significant attention in clinical studies is now paid to investigations of the consequences of lack of sleep in chronic diseases. Neurophysiological experiments address the mechanisms of impairments induced by a complete lack (deprivation) of sleep or deprivation of only the paradoxical phase of sleep. A review of current neurobiological data identifying plastic rearrangements and changes in the state of the brain in sleep deprivation has been presented in [35]. Impairments to short-term memory induced by sleep deprivation has been suggested to result from impaired visual attention and/or visual processing [16]. It has previously been suggested that slow-wave sleep is important