DENDRIMER: A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Dendrimers are a new class of polymeric materials. They are highly branched, monodisperse macromolecules (meaning of a consistent size & form). The structure of these materials has a great impact on their physical and chemical properties. As a result of their unique behavior dendrimers are suitable for a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. They possess empty internal cavities & many functional end groups which are responsible for high solubility & reactivity. They are produced in an interactive sequence of reaction steps, in which each additional interaction leads to a higher generation dendrimer.

Drug Delivery Systems, 2020

Dendrimer-based products 382 8.5 Conclusion 383 Disclosures 384 Abbreviations 384 Acknowledgments 385 References 385 Further reading 392 334 8. Dendrimers as novel drug-delivery system and its applications Drug Delivery Systems representation of dendrimers with different generations and its approximate diameter. 337 8.1 Introduction Drug Delivery Systems FIGURE 8.3 Ideal properties of dendrimers. 338 8. Dendrimers as novel drug-delivery system and its applications Drug Delivery Systems 1. divergent growth method; 2. convergent growth method;

Journal of Pharmaceutical & Scientific Innovation, 2016

Dendrimers are unique class of polymers which play an important role in emerging nanotechnology. Novel drug delivery is one of the most attractive potential applications of dendrimers. Dendrimers are macromolecules having highly branched, 3D structure, nanoscale architecture with monodispersity and high functionality. Dendrimers are dominated by the functional groups on the molecular surface for example; a dendrimer can be water soluble when its end groups like a carboxylic group. These features make it attractive candidates as drug carrier for controlled release or targeted delivery. Dendrimer is a smart polymer having various applicability in pharmaceutics, industry and diagnosis.

Novel drug delivery system aims to deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body during the period of treatment, and target the active entity to the site of action. A number of novel drug delivery systems have emerged encompassing various routes of administration, to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery, dendrimer carriers being one of them. Dendrimers are highly branched, star-shaped macromolecules with nanometer-scale dimensions. It is a novel three dimensional structure and these three components are: a central core, an interior dendritic structure (the branches), and an exterior surface with functional surface groups. It is also improve the physical, chemical properties due to their structure. Its other properties like very small size, polyvalenc, monodispersit, stability make it an appropriate carrier for delivering drugs with precision and selectivity. The terminal groups are modified to attach biologically active substances for targeting purpose. Dendrimers are suitable for a wide range of targeted drug delivery, controlled drug delivery, gene delivery and industrial applications. Cationic surfaces of dendrimers show cytotoxicity, derivatization with fatty acid or PEG chains, reducing the overall charge density and minimizing contact between cell surfaces and dendrimers can reduce toxic effects. Different types of products are formulated by using dendrimers for treatment of many diseases. The present review has focused on the different strategies of their synthesis, different methods of drug entraptment, drug delivery and targeting, its applications, interactions involved in formation of drug-dendrimer complex along with characterization techniques employed for their evaluation, toxicity problems.

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2009

About forty percent of newly developed drugs are rejected by the pharmaceutical industry and will never benefit a patient because of poor bioavailability due to low water solubility and/or cell membrane permeability. New delivery technologies could help to overcome this challenge. Nanostructures with uniform and well-defined particle size and shape are of eminent interest in biomedical applications because of their ability to cross cell membranes and to reduce the risk of premature clearance from the body. The high level of control over the dendritic architecture (size, branching density, surface functionality) makes dendrimers ideal carriers in these applications. Many commercial small molecule drugs with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity have been successfully associated with dendrimers such as poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM), poly(propylene imine) (PPI or DAB) and poly(etherhydroxylamine) (PEHAM) dendrimers, either via physical interactions or through chemical bonding ('prodrug approach'). Targeted delivery is possible via targeting ligands conjugated to the dendrimer surface or via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The biocompatibility of dendrimers follows patterns known from other small particles. Cationic surfaces show cytotoxicity; however, derivatization with fatty acid or PEG chains, reducing the overall charge density and minimizing contact between cell surfaces and dendrimers, can reduce toxic effects.

The development of novel particulate systems with defined shapes and sizes is of prominent interest in certain therapeutic applications such as drug delivery, gene transfection, diagnostic and imaging. On controlling and designing optimized architectural design of dendrimers; their shape, size, branching pattern length/density, and their surface functionality, clearly discriminate these structures as inimitable and optimal hauler in those applications. Moderately modified dendrimers have been shown to act as nano-drugs adjacent to tumors, viruses and bacteria. Recent triumph in simplifying and optimizing the production of dendrimers make available a large variety of structures while simultaneously reducing the cost of their production. The reflections on biomedical applications of dendrimers given in this review clearly make obvious the impending of this new fourth major class of polymer structural design and undeniably prove the high expectation for the future of dendrimers.

Aristotle University Medical Journal, 2009

Dendrimers, like all nanosystems, appear to be very interesting in modern therapeutics. Their multi-branched polymer structure as well as their physicochemical properties attribute a promising role in drug administration. Dendrimers can be used for chemotherapy, antibiotics administration etc. Their main advance is the target release of the drug in particular cell types and even in intracellular compartments. Moreover they may cross anatomical barriers while protecting the attached agent from early procession. Although the application of dendrimers in theurapeutics is significant, further evaluation of their safety as drug carriers is required.

Experimental Oncology, 2018

Aim: Dendrimers dendritic structural design holds vast promises, predominantly for drug delivery, owing to their unique properties. Dendritic architecture is widespread topology found in nature and offers development of specific properties of chemical substances. Dendrimers are an ideal delivery vehicle candidate for open study of the effects of polymer size, charge, and composition on biologically relevant properties such as lipid bilayer interactions, cytotoxicity, bio-distribution, internalization, blood plasma retention time, and filtration. This article reviews role of dendrimers in advanced drug delivery and biomedical applications.

Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 2019

Dendrimers, commonly referred to as arborols, offer tremendous opportunities for drug delivery, diagnostics, and treatment applications. This may be attributed to the characteristic features of their three architectural components: core, branches, and terminal groups. These components provide vast flexibility to designers. They act as highly moldable platforms that can be modified to suit the needs of application designers. Effectively, the type, length, and molecular weight of the core, branches and terminal groups may be customized to achieve desired characteristics and satisfy the demands of numerous applications. These perfectly designed multifunctional structures are reviewed in the current paper, focusing on their complex archetypical design for interphase applications; novel drug delivery applications, especially oral, ocular, pulmonary, transdermal; targeted, and controlled-release; and diagnosis and treatment of diseases like cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders.