Quantifying Urban form: A Case Study of Rajshahi City
S M Asif Ur Rahman2012, Journal of Bangladesh …
Sign up for access to the world's latest research
checkGet notified about relevant papers
checkSave papers to use in your research
checkJoin the discussion with peers
checkTrack your impact
Abstract
The urban areas comprise complex systems of activities, so the study of its form in terms of a few statistical measures is quite taxing. This paper attempts to employ such measures to define the urban form of Rajshahi city in Bangladesh. It evaluated some of the measures to quantify urban form and selected two indices, namely, Gini coefficient and Moran coefficient to quantify the urban form of the study area. Residential floor area and floor area for employment was computed in a tessellated form for quantifying the urban form of the study area. GeoDa software was employed to calculate Moran for both of the residential and employment floor space. From Moran and Gini value it was found that both of these land uses are highly clustered in a few locations of the study area. The two indices together give intuitive results, which is, residences are generally more dispersed and continuous than that of employment. Although this kind of analysis of urban form is better applied in comparative analysis, the present study provides the take off point for further research of urban form in Bangladesh.
Related papers
Exploring the Nature of Urban Structure of Urban Areas in Bangladesh
2013
The study of spatial structure of a city always fascinates urban planners. City’s spatial structure can assist urban planners to predict future development trend and help them to develop appropriate strategies to guide the current spatial structures. But, there is no such type of previous studies of the city structure in Bangladesh. In this study, the researchers made an attempt to find out spatial structure of cities in Bangladesh. Using spatial distribution of population and land use the researchers tried to explain the present scenario in Bangladesh. The researchers have found that for most of the cases there is a density gradient, which represents relationship between population density and distance from city centre to periphery, with high R square value follows a negatively sloped exponential curve from city centre to periphery of an urban area except in Barisal City Corporation (BCC). The density is high at the centre and it gradually decreases towards periphery. The Central...
Spatial Analysis of Urban Form based on Building Density, Babol
2019
Introduction Urban form is defined as the spatial distribution pattern of human activities at a certain point in time. It is made up of the visible elements and components of cities and consists of natural and artificial elements as the spatial crystallization of the community activities. Awareness of the spatial form and the shape of the city can be one of the important factors influencing the success of urban planners and managers. The importance of this issue has led to the use of various methods for measuring urban form in recent years to determine the distribution of compression. In Iran, in urban development plans we have used building density as a means of curbing urban development and spatial equilibrium, but in many cases, the discussion of density and analysis remains only in the scope of the plan; because today in the cities in north of Iran there are cases of irregular urban growth and without planning. This can bring heavy expenses for the city managers. Knowing the den...
CHARACTERISTICS OF CURRENT LAND USE PATTERN OF URBAN AREA A Case Study on Ward 24 (Nirala), Khulna City Corporation (KCC), Khulna, Bangladesh
1st International Conference on Urban and Regional Planning, Bangladesh, 2019
Mixed land use development is most important and key principle of sustainable development. It has a great impact on economy, environment and the health of the built environment. The objective of the research is to identify the different types of land use and their change direction and change flow. Then to evaluate the mixed land use development at Nirala, KCC Ward No-24 in Khulna City. Several field surveys were conducted emphasizing on the land use type for this research and also collected primary and secondary data for generating accurate result. Satellite images and GIS based secondary analysis helped to know the overall view of the site and Land Use Change (LUC) and LUC direction. Three core indices (i) Mixed Use Index, (ii) Entropy Index (iii) Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) are explored to evaluate the mixed-use development and the mixed land use condition of the area. The outcome of the study shows that the Entropy Index is 0.2529 is that the poor mixed-use condition and Mixed-Use Index suggested Nirala as a highly residential area rather than commercial and industrial. Another finding, which is based on satellite image from 2002 to 2018 showing the land use type and changing direction. LUCs flow indicates the negatively proportional pay rise of the build-up area (57% to 69%) with respect to vegetation (18% to 17%), and vacant space (11% to 4 %) at Nirala. Though the increment of the buildup area indicates development, but unplanned excessive growth impacts environment.
Analysis of Spatial Patterns of Urbanisation Using Geoinformatics and Spatial Metrics 5 Analysis of Spatial Patterns of Urbanisation Using Geoinformatics and Spatial Metrics
Urbanisation process heralds land use changes and consumption of energy which contribute significantly to global warming. This necessitates developing sustainable cities, which entails evolving effective urban planning strategies with the regular monitoring of landscape dynamics. In this context, the current communication reports of urban growth in Hyderabad-the IT capital of India based on the analysis of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the urban land use changes that helped in the identification of urbanized and sprawling areas. The land use analysis through remote sensing data of the period 1975 to 2009 shows a significant urban growth with an increase in impervious surface from 0.17% to 13.55%. Gradient based spatial metrics analysis reveals the tendency of sprawl at outskirts and the clumped or aggregated growth in core areas. This spatially explicit information helps in the advanced visualization of urban growth for an appropriate and strategic future planning of the city.
Delineation of Peri-urban Area using Modern Techniques a case study of North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, India
The current paper presents a method to delineate the Peri-urban areas near Kolkata, a megalopolis of West Bengal, India. Landuse and land cover (LULC) classification has been done using Optimum Index Factor (OIF). Seven different indices (viz. NDPI, NDVI, NDBI, NDBaI, SAVI, MNDWI and UBI) have been applied to depict different landuse components in the study area as no single index is sufficient to explain the existing design. In order to identify the peri-urban areas Principal Component Analysis has been undertaken and 'maximum likelihood classification algorithm' has been used for classification followed by ground truthing. Peri-urban regions are analysed using the spectral plots and dendrograms are used in grouping the categories. To evaluate the classifications, overall accuracies and Kappa statistics are also computed.
Urban Growth, Morphological Transformation and Changing Land Use The Case of Mymensingh- A Historic Town of Bangladesh
Journal of Environmental Design and Planning: ‘Nakhara’, 2019
This study explores the effects of growth on the urban morphology and the land use pattern of a historic town Mymensingh, by analyzing the morphological transformation through Space Syntax along with the changes of land-use pattern. Mymensingh is one of the oldest and historic towns of Bangladesh that lies along the river Brahmaputra. This town was developed as an urban conglomeration during the period of the British colonists more than two hundred years ago. Through the juxtaposition of different establishments by the British colonists, local land-lords and local inhabitants at different time periods, a unique type of morphological pattern was created. Local establishments were developed within the organized colonial grids. Through the ages, the town has expanded due to the natural process of growth and change; the small colonial town has become a larger one. According to Space Syntax, urban street configuration is considered as the most dominant factor for spontaneous development of different land-uses - where business and commercial uses naturally develops along the most integrated part of an urban grid. So, there exist a close correlation between urban morphology and land-use patterns. In the study, the effects of growth patterns of the town are analyzed through morphological analysis of Space Syntax at different time periods along with the corresponding land-use patterns. The study result shows that, though the town has expanded over time, still now the core part of the historic town acts as the morphological and functional centre as well. The planning process of such towns should be unique and sensitive considering the inherent morphology and land-use pattern for the sustainable growth of the town in future rather following the usual planning process.
Accessibility potential of the spatial grid: A Space Syntax analysis of the urban centres of Dhaka
Conference Proceedings, SSS14: International Space Syntax Conference, Cyprus, Nicosia, 2024
Urban centres are major hubs for urban activity and operate as catalysts for more accessible land use through promoting high-density, mixed-use, and bicycle- and pedestrian-friendly development. The spatial grids surrounding the centres have a significant impact on the morphology and growth pattern of cities because of their unique potential to provide accessibility at different levels. As cities grow, the connectivity and accessibility of these centres remain crucial, with increasing travel demand and environmental consequences. Dhaka has evolved from a city to a metropolitan region with increasing population growth and economic activities in the nearby urban areas. To guide Dhaka’s future development in a sustainable manner, the Structure Plan has focused on concentrating activities in the urban centres to reduce journeys to work andensure accessibility of various services and facilities. Dhaka exhibits a composite urban form with a diversified spatial grid characterized by a multi-nodal land use pattern that has largely evolved spontaneously through time. Hence, for efficient urban design and land use planning in these centers, the unique spatial properties of the spatial grid must be recognized, along with a careful investigation into their land use patterns. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the accessibility potential of the spatial grid around the 16 urban centers of Dhaka city with the existing land use characteristics. An 800-metre buffer area around the major public transport nodes has been considered to analyze the spatial grid of each centre. GIS-based space syntax method has been used here to interpret the functional properties of the built environment with respect to the degree of accessibility. In this regard, this study interpolated the street segment values of the angular choice analysis into adjacent street blocks of each center to demonstrate the existing land use distribution in relation to the accessibility condition. The findings have shown that in most centers, the majority of non-residential uses are concentrated in city-level accessible blocks. In contrast, in a few centers, they are primarily concentrated in blocks that are accessible at the local level. The study has also shown that, at either the local or city level, few cases have a higher share of non-residential land uses in the most accessible urban blocks, whereas in most cases, their percentage is moderate or low. The findings can aid in the spatial diagnostics of the spatial grid's accessibility condition for developing suitable urban design or land use planning needed in specific urban centers.
Urban Landuse: A Model Analysis of Panskura Municipality in West Bengal
Rapid urban growth is a common phenomenon of the developing countries. Now, in India about 30 percent of the people are living in urban areas but in all respect urbanization does not mean the higher economic growth. Increasing urbanization means a lot of land has been converted from rural to urban. This conversion is responsible for quick changes of landuse and land cover in urban areas. So, information of land use and land cover change is highly necessary for different groups. Analyzing and modelling these changes, therefore, provide better information for urban planners and decision makers to design strategies and solutions to manage the impacts of land use and land cover changes in both spatial and temporal scales. Viewing the present scenario, the author has tried to focus on urban land use concentration model and ultimately develop the pattern of urban landuse specialization and diversification status.
STUDY ON EMERGING PROBLEMS RELATED TO SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN URBAN LIVING CONDITIONS
This study illustrates the use of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques (i.e. geospatial techniques) for mapping and evaluating the emerging problems which is related to spatial variation in urban living condition in Hyderabad district, Telangana State. The expansion of Urban has brought serious losses of different types of land like water bodies, agriculture land, vegetation land etc. For a variety of urban environmental issues like increased air pollution, runoff and subsequent flooding, increased local temperature, deterioration of water quality, etc Urban sprawl is responsible. In this work we have taken Rangareddy District, Ghatkesar Mandal as case to study the spatial variation and land cover change that took place in a span of 05 years from 2005 to 2015. Remote sensing methodology is adopted to study the geographical land use changes occurred during the study period. Satellite data-Resource Sat with LISS-IV and cartosat-1 with 2.5 m stereo images were taken into consideration for preparing hybrid products. Image pre-processing, is done first later supervised classification has been performed to classify the images in to different land use categories. The accuracy of the Classification is also estimated through field surveys. This paper also highlights the changes in other land cover categories during which causes emerging problems the period under analysis. This study may provide reliable inputs for urban planners who are planning to provide basic amenities such as transportation, water, sanitation, electricity, etc.
Related topics
Related papers
Study on Urban Landuse Models: the Case of Bangladesh Cities
Environment and Sustainable Development in Bangladesh geographical perspective, 2018
The paper presents appropriate landuse model for Bangladesh cities. Two specific objectives have been addressed in this paper; firstly, a review of ecological models of urban landuses and secondly, landuse model for Bangladeshi cities. The study found two different patterns of urban landuse model for Bangladeshi cities; one is influenced by rivers and another is by rail and roads. Eight general landuse categories have been identified, these are; Central Business District; Other Business District; Residential, Slum and Squatters; Administrative; Education, Health and Social-Cultural; Industry; Agricultural; and Others. These models show different types of pattern of Bangladeshi cities from those of the Western and South East Asian cities. Unplanned urbanization is one of the major factors behind it. Keywords: Urban landuse, CBD, Population growth, Urbanization, Dhaka city
Analysis of Spatial Patterns of Urbanisation Using Geoinformatics and Spatial Metrics
Urbanisation process heralds land use changes and consumption of energy which contribute significantly to global warming. This necessitates developing sustainable cities, which entails evolving effective urban planning strategies with the regular monitoring of landscape dynamics. In this context, the current communication reports of urban growth in Hyderabad-the IT capital of India based on the analysis of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the urban land use changes that helped in the identification of urbanized and sprawling areas. The land use analysis through remote sensing data of the period 1975 to 2009 shows a significant urban growth with an increase in impervious surface from 0.17% to 13.55%. Gradient based spatial metrics analysis reveals the tendency of sprawl at outskirts and the clumped or aggregated growth in core areas. This spatially explicit information helps in the advanced visualization of urban growth for an appropriate and strategic future planning of the city.
A GIS-based approach to explore the factors contributing towards Urban residential land development and re-development (LDR): a case of Rajshahi City Corporation area
Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes
Urban Residential land development and redevelopment intensity (LDR) act as an essential index to understand magnitude of urban livability and sustainable development. Recent urbanization pattern of Rajshahi city has made a rising demand for land, which made it a precious commodity. As a result of it, Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) area is undergoing significant residential LDR in recent years. The understanding of factors influencing this residential LDR has great importance in real estate development as well as overall housing situation of thecity. For this purpose, this study tries to explore the spatial characteristics of LDR. Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) test statistics (>0.5) with improve hedonic model are set out to identify the internal drivers of LDR. Finally, geostatistics is explored by integrating methods of Geographic Information System (GIS) and SPSS regression analysis to analyze the correlation between LDR and driving factors. The spatial distribution of residential LDR has shown a strong distance decline law. One of the most exciting findings was that increase in distance to Central Business District (CBD) from the residential land has a slight influence on LDR. The outcomes of the paper will be beneficial for investors and policy-makers in their development decision-making processes.
Quantifying the Spatial Pattern of Medieval Urban Space of Khalifatabad, Bangladesh
A standard-measurement outline for the spatial analytical technique to fix up the standard of medieval age town is lacking in the subcontinent (India) and particularly in Bangladesh. Quantitative analytical technique was introduced to estimate the space of the town of Khalifatabad. Considering the present administrative unit (e.g. upazilla, mouza, etc.) as a primary reference, the study area is geometrised and uniform (e.g. quadrates, transects, etc.) with the help of GIS technology to locate archaeological exhibits and to understand the urban space of Khalifatabad. Spatial analysis technique applied to Khalifatabad to find out the distribution of monuments and its mean centre, weighted mean centre, nearest neighbour analysis, median centre and distribution of monuments disposition. In this paper, the above spatial analysis calculated that the centre point of the Khalifatabad town is the mausoleum of Ulugh Khan Jahan and measured the nearest neighbour which cleared that the archaeological records was not developed in clustered way. So the paper concludes that the Khalifatabad town was developed in a planned way according to the contemporary human activities.
Monitoring and Measuring the Urban Forms Using Spatial Metrics of Howrah City, India
Remote Sensing of Land, 2020
Monitoring and measurement of urban growth pattern with the help of urban-rural gradient and spatial metrics are gaining significant importance in recent times. Rapid and unplanned urban growth has a great impact on natural resources, local ecology, forestry and infrastructure. Temporal satellite data, gradient analysis and landscape metrics of urban landscapes will help to evolve appropriate strategies for integrated planning and sustainable management of natural resources. This communication focuses on spatiotemporal patterns of land use dynamics of Howrah Municipal Corporation (HMC), India and its surroundings with six buffer zones of 2kms. Analysis has been carried out on HMC using temporal remote sensing data. HMC has been used to identify the changes in the gradient of urban to peri-urban and rural regions. Further, the entire study area has been divided into eight zones radiated from city center based on directions. Different landscape metrics have been computed for each zone...
Urban structure in Kolkata: metrics and modelling through geo-informatics
Applied Geomatics, 2014
Urbanization connotes to the growth of a metropolis on being subjected to criteria such as economic, social and political forces as well as the geomorphology of the metropolis. As population and its activities increase in a city, the boundary of the city expands to accommodate growth along the urban fringes, leading to fragmented urban morphology, thereby impacting local ecology. Towns and cities had bloomed post-independence in India, causing changes in the land use along the myriad landscapes and ecosystems of the country. These urban ecosystems were a consequence of unplanned development of industrial centres and uncontrolled growth of residential colonies, which altogether became hubs for economic, social, cultural, and political activities. A visualization of the past trends and patterns of growth enable the planning machineries to plan for appropriate basic infrastructure facilities (water, electricity, sanitation, etc.). This communication analyses the spatial patterns of Kolkata municipality-the 13th most populous and 8th largest urban agglomeration in the world. It has been one of the most prominent urban areas in eastern India which was once considered the capital of India during the erstwhile British colonial rule. The spatial patterns of urbanization of Kolkata with 10 km buffer have been analysed using temporal remote sensing data with zonal gradients and spatial metrics. The study area was divided into four zones and each zone was further divided into concentric circles of 1 km incrementing radii to understand the patterns and extent of urbanization at local levels. Its land use analysis has revealed a decline of vegetation from 33.6 % (1980) to 7.36 % (2010). During 2010, Kolkata's built-up had constituted 8.6 %, water bodies comprised of 3.15 %, whereas other categories made up about 80.87 %. Increased Shannon's entropy during the last decade highlights the tendency of sprawl that necessitated policy interventions to provide basic amenities. Spatial patterns through metrics indicated a compact and simple structured growth at the centre of the city and a distributed complex shape in the buffer region. Further, these metrics indicated that the city is on the verge of becoming a single large urban patch that would affect its ecological integrity. Temporal analyses of spatial patterns of urbanization help the city administration and city planners to visualize and understand the growth of the city so that they can provide better resource planning to create a sustainable city.
Analyzing correlation of urban functionality and spatial configuration
Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2020
As the urban development continues, different parts of a city can grow or decay by varying degrees due to natural deterioration or changes in governmental policies. City is the center for business, culture, and social activities; is the place that reflects geography, commerce, society, and culture context; is a complex whole that is woven by “people,” “activity,” and “space” “People” in the “space” can process “activities,” therefore, activities and space can influence each other. In this research, we aim to obtain insights on urban morphology by analyzing the changes in urban spaces’ “activity” patterns. We aim to explore the relationship between urban spatial configuration and functionality. Space syntax methodology is applied to investigate the urban spatial structure concurrently with the analytic hierarchy process method for evaluating experts’ survey responses to attain urban functionality index. Subsequently, the analytical data are compared and categorized to reveal the city...
Measuring Compact Urban Form: A Case of Nagpur City, India
The compact city concept is adopted in city planning policies of many developed countries for the following benefits: efficient use of land while curtailing sprawl, reduction in transport network and reliance on mass transport, a socially interactive environment with vibrancy of activities, economic viability, etc. However, it is still debated whether the cities in developing countries like India, which are already dense, will really benefit from the compact city form. Measuring urban form and compactness of these cities becomes more important for understanding the spatial urban structure to intervene accordingly for sustainable urban development. This paper explores various parameters and dimensions of measurement of compactness. Urban form characteristics and their indicators are derived for the study of Nagpur city, India. This study is an attempt to measure the urban form to derive the benefits of compactness. The study indicates that Nagpur city, inherently has a compact form, but may disperse in near future; and there is a need to implement policies to retain its compact character to achieve sustainable urban development.
Study of the Random Growth Areas of Some Residential Areas in Kut City Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
With the advent of the housing problem in Kut city, many residents have resorted to set up informal housing scheme to achieve the need for housing. This has a significant urban, environmental and social impact on those residents. This research focuses on the impact of unplanned growth of urban areas on the environmental behavior. The phenomenon of random or informal housing is one of the most negative urban phenomena facing larger cities because of the burden on the processes of economic and social development. In Kut city, there are a lot of scattered areas such as Al-Hakim1, Al-Hakim2, Al-Jawadeen neighborhood, etc. Most of these areas were agricultural, areas for military use and vacant lands then they were encroached upon by the indiscriminate residential encroachment which has a negative impact on them. GIS is used to study the temporal and spatial changes of this phenomenon from 2005 to 2017 and to estimate the percentage of change of each period and the disparity in the areas...
Effects of Growth on Urban Morphology and Land Use Pattern in Mymensingh: A Historic Town of Bangladesh
Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning
This study explores the effects of urban growth and morphological transformation on land use pattern of a historic town of Bangladesh, Mymensingh by analyzing the changes of land use pattern and urban morphology through Space Syntax analysis. Mymensingh, one of the oldest and historic towns of Bangladesh, lies along the river Brahmaputra. The town was developed as an urban area during the period of British colonists more than two hundred years ago. The juxtaposition of the land uses by the British colonists along with the local inhabitants created a different and unique types of land use pattern within the town area where local establishments were in-filled within the colonial establishments. Through ages, due to the natural process of urban growth the town expands and the small colonial town turns into a larger one but the study result shows that still the strong effects of historic developments both local and colonial and the presence of the river acts as a strong guiding force fo...
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.