Geografia Quichua de la Sierra del Ecuador

Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar

Since 1892, seven versions of the national geological map of the Republic of the Ecuador have been published. In 1892, Dr. Theodor Wolf, of the German Scientific Mission, published the 1st map which included a preliminary geomorphological description. Later, Dr. Walther Sauer with the support of the Universidad Central del Ecuador (Central University of Ecuador), published a 2nd version in 1950, and then an update in 1970, both included oil wells information. In 1969, the Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería del Ecuador (National Service of Geology and Mining of Ecuador), and Institut Français du Pétrole (French Petroleum Institute), published the 3rd version which included a mineralogical index. The 4th version was developed by the Dirección General de Geología y Minas del Ecuador (General Directorate of Geology and Mines of Ecuador) and Institute of Geological Sciences & Natural Environment Research Council, and was published in 1982, it included a geological model from a plat...

The Quaternary glacial sequence proposed for the Ecuadorian Andes by Walter Sauer is critically reviewed. Examination of his field evidence at sections exposing Quaternary sediments east of Quito has led to a fundamental reinterpretation. Deposits which Sauer considered as glacial, glacio-fluvial, glacio-lacustrine and pluvio-glacial in origin appear to have been formed mainly by volcanic, volcano-loessic, laharic, fluvial, colluvial and pedogenic processes. Journal of Quaternary Science

Ecological Studies, 2013

We describe a traverse across the Cordillera Real and sub-Andean Zone of Ecuador, poorly known areas with very little detailed mapping and very little age control. The spine of the Cordillera comprises deeply eroded Triassic and Jurassic plutons, the roots of a major arc, emplaced into probable Palaeozoic pelites and metamorphosed volcanic rocks. The W flank comprises a Jurassic (?) submarine basaltic-andesitic volcanic sequence, which grades up into mixed Jurassic/Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Inter-Andean Valley. The sub-Andean Zone, on the E flank of the Cordillera, comprises a newly recognized Cretaceous basin of cleaved mudrocks, quartz arenites and limestones. East of the syndepositional Cosanga Fault, the Cretaceous basin thins into a condensed sequence that is indistinguishable from the rocks of the adjacent hydrocarbonbearing Oriente Basin. The principal penetrative deformation of the Cordillera Real was probably latest Cretaceous/Palaeocene. It telescoped the magmatic belts, but shortening was largely partitioned into the pelites between plutons. The plutons suffered inhomogenous deformation; some portions completely escaped tectonism. The pelites conserve two foliations. The earliest comprises slaty cleavage formed under low-or sub-greenschist conditions. The later is a strong schistosity defined by new mica growth. It largely transposed and obliterated the first. Both foliations may have developed during a single progressive deformation. We find inappropriate recent terrane models for the Cordillera Real and sub-Andean Zone of Ecuador. Instead we find remarkable similarities from one side of the Cordillera to the other, including a common structural history. In place of sutures, we find mostly intrusive contacts between major plutons and pelites. Triassic to Cretaceous events occurred on the autochthonous western edge of the Archaean Guyana Shield. The latest Cretaceous-Paleocene deformation is interpreted as the progressive collision of an oceanic terrane(s) with the South American continent. Young fault movements have subsequently juxtaposed different structural levels through the Cordillera Real orogen. D

Tectonophysics, 2005

Ecuador is a unique and complex country with a rich history and vast ecological diversity. This essay will encompass the climates in Ecuador and how they vary greatly allowing for a variety of agricultural options to be perused, Ecuador's diverse population, which has formed its unique cultural history, the political history of Ecuador, how the political history is tied to the economic system and Ecuador's current issues.

Tipití, 2009

Book review of The Napo Runa of Amazonian Ecuador. Michael Uzendoski. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2005. 216 pp., 12 figures, 3 maps, bibliography, index. ISBN 0-252-07255-3.

Tectonophysics, 1992

A structural study was carried out in the most tectonically active areas of the Ecuadorian Andes, including part of the Interandean Valley, the Cordillera Real and the Subandean Zone. Since the Pleistocene, the region has undergone complex wrench tectonics which are still active. Apparently, two different stress states have coexisted within different parts of the Andean range during the latest Pleistocene and Holocene:

Geomorphology, 2000

In Early Miocene times the Cordillera did not exist and the Pacific Ocean reached the Oriente. In the Middle Miocene, the uplift of an elongated swell, consisting of Palaeozoic and older rocks, created the Eastern Cordillera. Decollements were activated diverging away from the Eastern Cordillera. In the eastern trench, located approximately in correspondence with the present day Interandean Depression, many thousands of meters of sediments were deposited. A planation surface was created at the end of Lower Pliocene from the Costa to the Oriente graded to sea level. Later, ignimbric flows covered much of the planation surface. Uplift brought the planation surface to 3500-4000 m. The Interandean Depression, bounded by normal faults, was created during the Upper Pliocene, and large strato-volcanoes erupted at this time. The volcanic activity contributed to the filling of an accumulation plateau preserved today in many parts of the Interandean Depression. The creation of the Interandean Depression is the result of lateral spreading activated as a consequence of uplift of the Cordillera. In the Middle and Late Pleistocene the Cordillera and the Accumulation plateau were mostly affected by downcutting with minor episodes of accumulation during the cold phases. q

Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 1992

New K-Ar ages of Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic and sedimentary sections in the Interandean Depression and the southern Ecuadorian basins give an indication of the duration of sedimentary events and the timing of magmatic and tectonic events in the Ecuadorian Andes. In southern Ecuador, the syn-tectonic infilling of the Cuenca basin began in the early Miocene and ceased by the late Miocene. An andesitic stock in this region shows evidence of late Miocene magmatism. Sporadic development of the Pleistocene volcanic-rich Tarqui Formation suggests, contrary to previously held views, that Plio-Pleistocene volcanism is not as well developed in southern Ecuador. In the Alausf region, an Oligocene age for calc-alkaline volcanism, subsequent to the Macuchi Arc accretion, is confirmed. The existence of younger volcanic events is also proved. In central Ecuador, the Western Cordillera is covered in part by volcanic rocks of the mainly Miocene Pisayambo Formation. The age of the Latacunga Formation of the Latacunga-Riobamba basin (Interandean Depression) is established as late Pliocene to Pleistocene.