Fatal Years: Child Mortality in Late Nineteenth-Century America

Fatal Years, 1991

Fatal Years, 1991

Metroeconomica, 1979

2000

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009

Please do not cite without author's permission Acknowledgments: I am grateful to Nick Crafts for his comments, discussions and encouragement throughout this whole project. I would also like to thank Steve Broadberry and Rick Stock for their comments and Gavin Wright for his hospitality during my research stay at Stanford.

Spanish Economic Growth, 1850–2015, 2017

The latest round of national accounts (CNE10) provides data on the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) workers and hours worked and its distribution by industry from 1995 to 2015. Unfortunately, no similar data are provided in earlier rounds of national accounts that present only figures for the number of occupied back to 1980 (CNE80 and CNE86). However, the 1995-based quarterly national accounts (CNTR95) provide data on FTE workers for 1980-1995. I have, then, spliced the two sets of FTE workers through linear interpolation to get consistent estimates over 1980-2015. 1 For the pre-1980 years, García Perea and Gómez (1994) provide estimates of employment back to 1964 that can be pushed further back to 1954 with the rate of variation of employment provided in earlier national accounts (CNE64) (Instituto de Estudios Fiscales 1969: 33-34). I have assumed that the number of FTE workers evolved alongside employment and, thus, projected its 1980 level backwards to 1954 with the employment rate of variation to derive FTE employment series for the period 1954-2015 for the economy as a whole and its main economic sectors.

Social Science Research, 1987

Recently released public use microdata sample files (PUMS) from the 1940 United States census represent important additions to census time-series data. However, the usefulness of this data set for stratification analyses is limited by missing data on self-employment earnings and the absence of an interval scale for the 1940 classification of occupations. In this paper, we report the methodology used to derive these measures and the results. 1940 census-based occupational SE1 scores are estimated, following 0. D. . and an additional method of ranking occupations, mean occupational earnings (MOE), is also described. These two measures of occupational rank should add to the sociological literature on scaling occupations and model testing. and are currently being analyzed in an ongoing research project on patterns of ethnic and immigrant group stratification during the 1940-

Explorations in Economic History, 1984

Of all the changes in the history of women's market work, few have been more impressive than the rapid emergence and feminization of the clerical sector and the related decline in manufacturing employment for women. Although a century ago few women were clerical workers, as early as 1920 22% of all employed nonfarm women were, and about 50% of all clerical workers were women, Employment for women in the clerical sector expanded at five times the annual rate in manufacturing from 1890 to 1930, and during the same period of time wages for female clerical workers fell relative to those in manufacturing. This paper explores the underlying causes of these dramatic sectoral shifts by estimating the relationship between earnings and experience for manufacturing and clerical workers from 1888 to 1940. It is seen that earnings profiles for employment in manufacturing rose steeply with experience and peaked early, while those in the clerical sector were much flatter and did not peak within the relevant range. Returns to off-job training and depreciation with age and with time away from the labor force also differed between these occupations. A model of sectoral shift is developed in which workers choose occupations and therefore the time path of training on the basis of their life-cycle labor force participation and their consumption value of education. The coefficients from the earnings function estimations are used to demonstrate that the decline in the relative wage of clerical to manufacturing work from 1890 to 1930 can be explained by such a model, Finally, it is shown that a sizable percentage of the difference in the growth of female employment in the manufacturing and clerical sectors can be explained by various labor supply factors.

1999

The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Journal of Asian Economics, 2000