Metadata Standards for Textual and Multimedia Content

IEEE Multimedia, 2000

Information resources are available in various kinds of media and forms. Diverse metadata standards and schemas exist to describe them which is crucial for preservation and archiving, organisation, resource discovery and information retrieval across platforms. A new metadata standard is being developed with the combination of existing metadata standards and schemas to solve emerging media and document formats. The paper presents an overview on various types of metadata standards and schemas.

Journal of Universal Computer Science, 2001

Information resources are available in various kinds of media and forms. To describe them there exists number of diverse metadata standards and schema. Metadata is crucial for preservation and archiving, organisation, resource discovery and information retrieval across platforms. As one metadata standard cannot be applicable for all the emerging media and document formats, a combination of them is used. In this context the present paper presents an overview on types of metadata standards and schemas, and also discusses on the issues and challenges in metadata creation, management, interoperability, and resource discovery.

D-lib Magazine, 2002

This paper presents an approach for the integration of multimedia metadata and their management based on Semantic Web technology. In particular, we propose a java-based Infrastructure for MultiMedia Metadata Management -4M -composed of five main components, an MPEG-7 feature processing unit, an XML database management unit, an algorithms ontologyexploiting unit, a multimedia semantic annotation and integration units. This way, we intend to introduce the novel idea of managing also algorithms on a variety of multimedia metadata (audio, images and videos) to add the capability of tracking data processing. This work is mainly carried out in the framework of the European Network of Excellence MUSCLE (Multimedia Understanding through Semantics, Computation and Learning), where ISTI-CNR is leading the 'Representation and Communication of Data and Metadata' Workpackage.

2005

The amount of digital media that has to be actually managed has already become unaffordable without fine-grained computeris ed support. This requires an extensive use of multimedia metadata. MPEG-7 is the greatest metadata framework created to date but it is based on XML Schemas. Therefore, its does not have formal semantics, which makes difficult to manage, extend and integrate it. Consequently, there have been a lot attempts to move MPEG-7 to the Semantic Web. Our approach contributes a complete and automatic mapping of the whole MPEG-7 standard to OWL. It is based on a generic XML Schema to OWL mapping. The previous mapping is complemented with an XML metadata instances to RDF mapping that completes a transparent transfer of metadata from the XML to the Semantic Web domain. Once in a semantic space, data integration, which is a crucial factor when several sources of information are available, is facilitated enormously. We have used the generated MPEG-7 OWL ontology as an "upper-ontology" for multimedia metadata, where three different music schemas have been linked. Thus, it has been possible to retrieve related information from instances of all the metadata sources. Furthermore, detecting and merging instances from different sources has allowed us to enhance the description of audio files, both content-based and editorial data.

IEEE Software, 2005

Content metadata standards are built on top of infrastructure standards that standardize metadata representation and exchange. Here are two examples: feature Web Metadata Standards: Observations and Prescriptions T he World Wide Web has spawned numerous standards initiatives that aim to facilitate more powerful and interoperable functionality based on text exchange, but beyond mere Web page transfers. Software can take a Web page's data as input to further value-added processing, such as filtering items of interest, comparison shopping, finding potential business partners, and executing transactions. But software can do this only if the page's meaning is formalized and explicit. Web standards Lessons learned in fields such as software engineering, library science, knowledge representation, and especially artificial intelligence offer new possibilities and questions for Web metadata standards development.

With increasing use of multimedia in various domains, several metadata standards appeared these last decades in order to facilitate the manipulation of multimedia contents. These standards help consumers to search content they desire and to adapt the retrieved content according to consumers' profiles and preferences. However, in order to extract information from a given standard, user must have a pre-knowledge about this latest. This condition is not easy to satisfy due to the increasing number of available standards. In this book chapter we introduce some of the main de facto multimedia standards which cover the description, by means of metadata, of the content and of the use context (profiles, devices, networks…). We discuss then the benefits of proposing an integrated vision of multimedia metadata standards through the usage of a generic multimedia metadata integration system and we expose the challenges of its implementation.

CALIBER-2001, INFLIBNET Centre, Ahmedabad INDIA, 2001

As the Internet became an accepted source of electronic information, a variety of information communities have developed metadata to organize these resources to effectively serve their users. So metadata has taken on a more significant role of knowledge representation and data mining. In today's context, where the web contains the collection of massive heterogeneous objects, which need to be unified and linked in a single resource, we are witnessing both the growth of different metadata standards and the attempts to reconcile the common attributes in the existing overlapping standards. The goal is to access relevant information seamlessly, regardless of its type and location. This article addresses different aspects of metadata, the rationale behind it and gives a general picture of Dublin Core metadata elements.