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My own experience of much recent so-called art criticism is that there is more descriptive writing going on than actual critique with the art work being examined. So does the art critic's words actually help the viewer (and the artist) access the world of the artwork and artist?
This course investigates the multifaceted relationship between art, criticism and interpretation. It takes the form of four weekly seminars based on a close reading of set texts, all of which will be provided in advance in hard copy and PDF format. It is essential that you read these texts before the weekly seminar. The first seminar addresses questions concerning the role of aesthetic judgment and taste by looking at foundational texts by the philosophers David Hume and Immanuel Kant. The second seminar examines modernist criticismfocusing in particular on Clement Greenberg's early reviews of exhibitions by Jackson Pollock. The third seminar examines the challenges to the authority and plausibility of modernism brought about by the emergence of Conceptual Art and the impact this had on the practice of criticism. The final seminar considers the present state of art-writing and the problematic position occupied by contemporary art criticism. You are encouraged to examine a range of relevant examples, from the popular press to specialised art journals, and to reach your own conclusions concerning the function, status and legitimacy of critical art writing.
Review of Artistic Education
One of the most important tests through which the cultural vitality of an artistic community can be examined is art criticism. Art criticism has the role of analysis, interpretation and evaluation of artworks, having important responsibilities to the public interested in the visual artistic phenomenon and also to the evolution of artistic taste. The comments of art critics have managed to provoke public debates on art-related issues or have effectively contributed to the reception and promotion of artworks. The art critic creates a connection between the artworks exhibited in galleries or museums and the public who appreciate the aesthetic value of the works, in terms of explaining the context and the artistic phenomenon, so as to outline the communication between artists, critics and viewers, from the perspective of dynamics of new structures and forms of visual expression. In this context, the public formed through the visual education can be prepared and opened in receiving the a...
"I was asked to write the entry on "Art Criticism" for the (then) Grove Dictionary of Art; the version I submitted contained the observation that, according to some notions of art criticism, all of art history is also a form of criticism. I noted that "by that definition, all thirty-seven volumes of this 'Grove Dictionary of Art,' which has involved over 7,600 scholars, is actually art criticism." The edited MS was returned with the sentence deleted; I complained to the editor of the dictionary, and I was told the sentence would be restored. It never was. (That's a little cautionary tale about the institutional differences between art history and art criticism.) Aside from that, this essay is an attempt to gather and arrange the major theories of art criticism."
Platform, Vol. 13, No. 1, On Criticism, Autumn 2019, 2019
In this essay, I draw attention to the knowledge and skills of the English language on a native level to suggest that the dominance of the English language has installed a particular habitus in art criticism. I point out that prioritizing native speakers in art criticism—in a position of writers and editors etc—limits possible stories and voices in an already closed art world. This leads to the more general question concerning the aim and objective of art criticism. Is it something more than interpretation, analysis, research on art for professionals, or taste-making and shaping public attention to the art market and collectors? Art criticism has a very ambiguous status; it operates according to the cultural and economic capital which comes along with the order of belief, appreciation, knowledge, recognition, prestige, honour, glory, authority, and language (Bourdieu, Blanchet). But at the same time, it is also a part of the profit oriented world treating writing, writers, and language as products and commodities, making art professionals very often struggle in precarious conditions of work. Stable and well-paid positions for writers and editors do exist of course but they are very limited. If then art criticism is also a place to discuss crucial issues like equality, racism, climate crisis, decolonization and so forth, who is going to write about that? And—what is also connected with that issue—who can afford to be an art critic?
Numlian, 2022
“Criticism is as inevitable as breathing, and that we should be none the worse for articulating what passes in our minds when we read a book and feel an emotion about it, for criticizing our own minds in their work of criticism,” is aptly delineated by T.S. Eliot for the accolade portrayal of criticism as to be momentous for art. Criticism and art cater binary consort, suited to the decisive purpose. Audre Lorde narrated that the criticism of art is not only dream and vision; it is the skeleton architecture of our lives. On one hand, art cannot be properly limned without reliable criticism; and similarly, on the other hand, the appropriate portrayal of life without art is discourtesy, difficult, and disdain of this duple. Life, art and criticism can be trebled for axenic as well as an authentic exposition of these terms, as the demarcation of this triplex is outlined within this triplex. In an extensive sense, art may be regarded as a legitimate method to ponder over social relations. The inability to perceive that man and his exercises have been most loyally portrayed throughout the hundreds of years by painters, sculptors and authors are proportional to the renunciation of any genuine exertion to comprehend the human species. Art is, almost by definition, concerned with the characteristically human universe; it is an effort to communicate images, sensations, or thoughts from one human to other humans, and in that capacity cannot abstain being of the essence of human intercourse. All great workmanship is legitimate as a wellspring of data and recommendation for the understudy of humanity. That most articulated normal for homosapiens, capacity to imagine himself and his world as separable objects of thought, means that self-searching is the very premise of the creative journey. Art is the creation of something with imagination and skill and that is beauteous or that communicates prominent ideas or expresses critical feelings. Abstract ideas spring into tangible embodiments through the hands of the artist. Art marks its existence when the hands, head, and heart work in perfect synchronization. The synergy of hand and heart is accentuated with diligence, care, and often industrious labor. It is needless to say that only the people who have a responsive mind and keen ocular faculty couple with dexterity can translate their incorporeal emotions into corporeal pieces of art, be these poetries, prose sculpture, or some other artifact. It is, therefore, sans an iota of doubt can be said that art is the consciousness of life. With that being said, a multitude of queries pops up into the mind. The most glaring among them is about the inseparable relation of art with criticism. There is no denying the fact that when the artifact or any piece of art is created, the artist unveils it in front of scores of eyes lustering with ardent criticism. The piece of art morphs itself from a chattel to an object of public concern and is subject to public concern and public scrutiny which entails on the one hand commendation and reverence and the other hand, criticism and derogation. As it has been maintained in the erstwhile lines the art is the consciousness of life and criticism is the consciousness of art, let's talk about the consciousness of art that is criticism at length. No matter how deep one can delve into the criticism of art one cannot write exhaustively about the same as every artist would ostensibly have their own opinions and perspectives which would be chasms apart from one another. However, the citations from the poetic theories of some of the torchbearers of criticism would come in handy to augment the viewpoints postulates and assumptions molted, every now and then. Art is the depiction of life; each specific culture has its aesthetic paradigms through which it portrays its people, culture, society, religion, language, and traditional values. Art is a cleansing of the spirit; it gives stylish delight to people and sanitizes their souls and feelings. We do not have implies about the beginning of the art; from where it started, however, a few faultfinders recommend that craftsmanship has its beginning indicated back to the production of the world since this world is an impersonation of the interminable world. The analysis is an assessment or translation of the craftsmanship. The possibility of analysis came into the spotlight with the basic works of Aristotle, Plato, and other contemporary savants of the traditional age. Art gives us the consciousness of the general public and life while analysis gives us the inside and out learning of the craftsmanship. In each time, the faultfinders center around the speciality of their area; the works of art center around the disaster, verse, medieval period centers around religious analysis, Romantics accentuation on tasteful magnificence and delights, comparably modern critics, philosophers and scholars have their points of view towards the art. Firstly, the clear cut lucid plain and fluid delineation of the word criticism is imperative before delving deep into the poetic philosophy of "life, art, and criticism". Criticism, in short means to have the power to judge something particularly a composed work of art or a manuscript or a literary piece of writing, or to express disapproval or to highlight problems or the associated faults of some art; and criticism is the canvas of the imagination of art through which one sees the world of reality or vice versa. In a nutshell, as it has already been said that life, art and criticism have a triplex relationship to one another, and these three terms have their specific roles under education, so, these three terms are inevitable and incomplete without each other.
Academia Letters, 2021
In 1942 William Schack wrote A critique of art criticism, in which he lamented the lack of astute critics. As he states, "The lyrical critic may provide a cue to the spirit of a painting; the rationalist critic, a cue to its grammar. But in the end, as in the beginning, one must experience art. That is the only understanding of art which has any meaning" (Schack, 1942, p. iii). Consequently, a question, that may be asked is what it is that makes good art criticism. One study by Philipp Strobl (2018) uses a case study of critic Gertrude Langer. An important aspect that Strobl points out in regard to Langer, was her PhD in Art History and Ethnology, achieved prior to fleeing NAZI controlled Austria, for Australia in 1939. Evidence suggests that Langer was able to use her education to build a respected reputation in the local arts world by directly informing the public and acerbly critiquing artworks, which was something that was often hotly criticised due to Australia's slow uptake of Modernism. Langer critiqued more than skill in handling a brush, as she brought creativity and critical thinking into the process of painting and its criticism (Hamilton , 2013, p. 208). As Hamilton points out, more than artistic skills were necessary to professionally critique exhibitions and artworks. Statements, Langer proved, must be based on and supported by evidence of expertise in the field, which helped her to inform and entertain readers, and it was this credibility, according to Hamilton, that sustained her career until her death. Looking at Australian art and art journalism from a global perspective as Langer did, also adds to the debate about current trends as well as historical development. Plus, an understanding of overseas studies aids in forecasting the direction of art journalism in this country. Maarit Jaakola (2015) states that the important difference between general journalism and art journalism (or critiquing) lies in the journalist having "accumulated cultural capital and aesthetic legitimacy, and demonstrated by a sufficient amount of cumulated experience (2015, p. 385). Thus, whether it be via aesthetic or journalistic positioning, meaning is assigned to art
In 2001, art critic and historian Benjamin Buchloh declared the ‘death of art criticism’ during the October journal’s roundtable, “The Present Conditions of Art Criticism.” The following decade witnessed a plethora of articles, conferences, and books devoted to the crisis of criticism–all efforts thus far seem to have failed, the crisis has not been abated. Art criticism is decaying and our historical moment is not only “post-modern” but also “post-critical.” At the same time, art writing has become such a broad spectrum of “literature” that neither author nor reader take it seriously¬–the writing is often ironic, filled with joyful and mediocre immediacy, and not to mention, a proud ahistoricism. We are also told, however, that this is a great moment for culture: writings on film, music, and art are to be found everywhere you turn or click. The Internet has allowed the democratization of cultural production: anyone can upload a film to YouTube or a track to MySpace–everyone has a voice, everyone has a blog, and everyone is a critic. Under quickly changing conditions, then, what are the present tasks of aspiring art critics? This undertaking is multilayered but it must begin with an understanding the crisis of criticism in its contemporary and historical expressions. In the first two sections, the thesis surveys the symptoms of the illness: how art criticism has been unable to grasp the swift changes in the art world and how the curator, the dealer and the collector have replaced the critic as the main mediators between art and its public. The third section outlines how contemporary art criticism, largely anti-Greenbergian and anti-modern, suffers from “the flight from judgment.” In the fourth section, I explain how Art criticism was displaced with the emergence of art practices in the 1960s that thought to incorporate criticism into the work itself. All are important, and often contradictory considerations when seeking to understand the demise of art criticism, but all are not equally important for the task of resurrecting and redeeming criticism. The final and concluding section will dedicate itself to the future of criticism in light of its history. It will investigate and introduce possible paths for the reconstitution of art criticism, suggesting possibilities existing in the overlooked history of art criticism.
Journal of Architectural Education, 2009
2021
JUST OUT! This book can be ordered under ISBN 9789464065923 The book offers an in-depth analysis of thinking and writing about art in late sixteenth and early seventeenth century Italy. From the cover: "As a painting leaves the artist's workshop it becomes a focus of various sentiments and thoughts .... It will be admired or disliked, it will be analyzed on technical grounds and commented upon. It took a long time for this process to become visible. This study examines some examples of the manner in which critical reactions began to manifest themselves in an age in which writing about works of art was leaving the tradition of ex cathedra declarations. The views of three art lovers from that typical transitory period at the end of the sixteenth century are analyzed in opposition to the common modern assumption of a style of revolution taking place in those days. Next, the dilemmas of an outspoken critic as Giovan Pietro Bellori from the middle of the seventeenth century are deciphered. And finally, the thoughts of one of the first painters to claim a personal interpretation of his works, the great Nicolas Poussin, are reconstructed by means of a close reading of his own notes and critical reactions on remarks of his patrons."
What is the place of art criticism in the world today? The discipline that was once concerned with the evaluation of visual art according to rational principles, relied for its operations on notions of artistic genius and its eternal bedfellows: talent, perception, interpretation and speculation, yet these attributes can today only mask the complex phenomena that underpin art in the age of advanced technology, mass media and (dis)information. The notion of art criticism contains within itself a demand for clarity and for an explicit exposition of all the steps that lead towards a conclusion. Implicitly, art criticism feeds on the liberal fiction of universal communicability and transparency of thoughts and artworks. But for Theodor Adorno (1997), for instance, the value of an artwork is not measured by how well it communicates, but on the contrary by how much it resists pre-given standards of judgement. In this view art is always an act of violence towards thought, truth and understanding, for no other reason that what art does is to rupture familiar, conventional forms of knowledge and power and their standard attributes: reason, negation, contradiction and lack (Foucault 1996), making it possible to inhabit the sense of 'something happening' (Lyotard 1984). The question for art criticism then becomes not how to identify the genius among the dunces, but how to account for strategies of experimentation, curiosity and doubt that are capable of creating meaningful perceptions out of random and accidental bits of matter (Golding 2001). Gilles Deleuze might say that the task of the art critic is to account for the way a plane of immanence is being built.
Since the 1990s, there has been much discussion about the impact of globalization upon the production, circulation and exchange of art. Somewhat inverting this line of inquiry, Marcus Verhagen's Flows and Counterflows looks instead at how artists have engaged with these social processes through their works. Verhagen's interest lies not in simple representations or illustrations of globalization—'rote symbols of displacement or exchange'—but rather in works that contribute new ways of thinking about it. Flows and Counterflows is thus first and foremost an examination of the political-aesthetic operations of the artwork—an analysis of the ways in which art practice has been able to offer critical perspectives on globalized conditions.
The task of artistic interpretation has always been an arduous task in art history, criticism, philosophy of art, aesthetics, and a wide range of humanist studies. An incredible amount of academics within humanities devote themselves to comment upon art and curiously enough have turn art criticism into one of the essentialisms of a work of art, even above art creation. To this extent, it seems that we have reached a point in which it could be possible to affirm that there are even more art critics than artists, a relevant fact that we should consider to ponder upon. Because, can you imagine an artist interpreting their own work and reflecting upon the intrinsic meaning of his/her own work of art? In this paper I will try to address the issue of the complex situation in which contemporary aesthetics is immersed, focusing specially in the difficult relationship between artists and art critics as well as the role they play in their " internalized job " as mediators between art works and art viewers and their self-consideration as " meaning revealers. " It is true that there are many cases in which literary theory is even more fascinating that art works themselves, but how is it possible than one simple poem or artwork gives birth to thousands of pages of printed matter? The truth is that in the contemporary era it is quite impossible to find artistic productions disconnected from artistic analysis. But curiously enough, nowadays we live in a time in which the act of interpretation has gone too far, to an absurd point of entanglement that is difficult to elude. Nowadays, contemporary criticism is an amalgam of reflections upon –isms that has reached a theoretical space of unanswearability. It makes no sense at all to continue on that line of constant accumulation of abstract ideas about artistic meaning revelation. At the core of the purpose of this essay I would like to state the inherent incongruences in the persistent intentions of " understanding " art.
British Journal of Aesthetics, 2017
Most recent discussions of reasons in art criticism focus on reasons that justify beliefs about the value of artworks. Reviving a long-neglected suggestion from Paul Ziff, I argue that we should focus instead on art-critical reasons that justify actions—namely, particular ways of engaging with artworks. I argue that a focus on practical rather than theoretical reasons yields an understanding of criticism that better fits with our intuitions about the value of reading art criticism, and which makes room for a nuanced distinction between criticism that aims at universality and criticism that is resolutely personal.
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