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Tratamento de metástases em trânsito no melanoma

2020, Tratamento de metástases em trânsito no melanoma

Abstract

In-transit metastases (ITM) are cutaneous and/or subcutaneous lesions between the primary site and the draining regional lymph node, distant at least 2 cm from the primary site. They occur at 5 to 10% of melanoma patients. The melanoma staging from AJCC 2017 include them in stages IIIB, IIIC and IIID. Throughout the years, this committee have been emphasizing their prognostic importance. This work is based on a selection and review of scientific and revision articles published or referenced in Pubmed (Medline). The majority of them are dated from 2011 onwards. Results: There are many treatments available for patients with in-transit metastases. Excision to clear margins is the first line treatment. From this point on, the therapy course is not clear because guidelines are not entirely enlightening. Nowadays, the therapeutic decision is up for discussion involving the doctor, a multidisciplinary medical team and the patients and their family. The choice between local, regional and systemic treatment should take into account the lesions anatomical location, their number, their size, the potential toxicity of the therapy itself and the patient comorbidities. The emerging systemic immunotherapies and targeted agents have shown a clear benefit in the stage IV melanoma, completely changing the therapy paradigm. However, its use in ITM is not yet well characterized and validated. Presently the therapeutic decision requires a wide knowledge of the several options available. In the future, comparative studies are needed specially between the new systemic therapies and the regional ones. Association studies between the different therapies are also in order as this path seems to be the most promising one.