Hybrid Vehicle: A Study on Technology

With the advancement in 21st Century, there has been increase in usage of Oil and Gas leading to problems like Global Warming, climate change, shortage of crude oil, etc. Due to these reasons Automobile Companies have started doing research for making Hybrid Technology usable into the daily life. The Paper starts from brief history about Hybrid Technology and also some brief introduction on it. Paper will also discuss the technologies used in the making of Hybrid Cars such as “Hybrid Solar Vehicle”, “Hybrid Electric Vehicle” and Plug In hybrid electric vehicles”. Our Paper is based on the explanation of such technologies, their function, drawback of this technology, efficiency of Hybrid Cars, Case studies on the present commercial hybrid cars such as Toyota Prius series, Astro lab etc and the fuels and raw materials used in the Hybrid Cars. Paper concludes on the advantages and dis-advantages of Hybrid Cars and how this technology will take over the world in future and would become the alternative for Petrol and Diesel Cars.

2019

Growing concerns over the limited supply of fossil-based fuels are motivating intense activity in the search for alternative road transportation propulsion systems. In addition, regulatory pressures to reduce urban pollution, CO2 emissions and city noise have made plug-in electric vehicles a very attractive choice as the alternative to the internal combustion engine. With the invention of Internal Combustion Engine by Nicolas Otto, there was revolution in Automobile field. Later on, Petrol and Diesel became the main source of fuel for these vehicles. This technology made Human Efforts very easy through commercializing in the market. As, the world went through 20th Century, there happened many advancements for making this technology efficient and cost-effective. Due, to which it became the commercial success and its use in the day to day period increased. People could reach thousands of kilometers / miles in hours with the help of this technology. In this paper, hybrid vehicle techno...

The aim of this paper is to present the development of the hybrid technology since 1997, mainly based on the Toyota Prius as an example of the first mass-produced hybrid vehicle in the world Special attention is paid to the topology of two systems: Toyota Hybrid System (THS) and Toyota Hybrid System II (THS II). The new hybrid system THS II is based essentially on THS. The paper is also a comparative study of hybrid technology used in different vehicles. There will be presented different brands, i.e. Honda and Ford, in order to compare their achievements and contribution to development of HEVs. Special attention will be paid to comparison of Toyota Prius and Honda Insight in order to show different solutions used by engineers of these two brands.

2019

With arrival of the 21st century the human civilization has come across new problems. The problems they have never faced before and the seeds of these problems were sown a long time ago. It was the dependency of humans on the fossil fuel that led us to the problems like Global Warming, Climate change and energy crisis. But as said necessity is the mother of all invention. With the problems and the lack of fossil fuel the hunt for new source of energy began. With all the green sources of energy discovered the fact was clear that we know to convert most of them into electrical energy. So a new system of transport had to be developed that uses electrical energy. Here in this paper we will have a look on the history of the transportation, the need for the electrical vehicles, their working, the innovations and their impact around the globe along with the challenges they will face ahead. The paper will also discuss the working and function of "Electrical Vehicles" and "Plu...

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2019

Objective: Automotive is one of the most leading sectors in the fuel consumption and also responsible for the air pollution, hence it has become a necessity to switch from the conventional machine to the electric vehicles as to reduce the environmental hazard impacts, and based on the recent technologies the various electric vehicles have been introduced. Methods/statistical analysis: The electric vehicles have various advantages over the conventional cars as they maintain the emission and greenhouse gases, as they have a higher energy conversion efficiency, but the only disadvantages of the electric vehicles are the consistent replacement of the batteries, but that can also be replaced by recharging the battery through the renewable source of energy and the techno-economic model design of the vehicle will lead to evaluation of the unitary operating cost per electric drive vehicles using a methodology based on the depreciation charges and maintenance expenses. Findings: The finding of this work is to explore new and advanced hybrid technology that will help to improve the automobile industries and reduce the dependency on fossil fuel that also reduces the air pollution by the hybrid electric vehicles. Application/improvement: In this study, we have discussed the hybrid electric vehicle and its applications in various fields like electric bikes, electric cars, electric buses and other transportation and commercial purpose also. Now the Indian government also focuses on this sector and providing the subsidy for the buyers and manufacturers of electric vehicles.

2018

Pollution is the major problem to all over the world. At all circumstances to overcome the problem of pollution, HV (hybrid vehicle) and HEV (hybrid electric vehicle) is the better solution for such problem. Day after day increasing demand of fuel is much higher it cannot affordable for common people. Fuel ignition system vehicle produces more amount of hydro carbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hazardous air pollutants, greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide (SO2) it leaves directly to the atmosphere. Electric vehicle not produces such hazardous air pollutants. In this electric vehicle motor is driven by ac dc electric current through battery converter.

Hybrid vehicle technology and its incorporation into society were the focus of this paper. The overarching question addressed in this investigation was whether hybrids meet environmental expectations. Many people have suggested that there are ntal benefits. The research has been completed. Regions of hybrid types, consumer trends, and hybrid's future get rid of technology. Data on hybrid production and efficiency were analyzed, to look into the technology's technical elements. What buyers search for in their cars was revealed by a focus group of persons who recently purchased cars, both hybrids and non-hybrids? Analysis Understanding hybrid technology's requirements aided in determining its viability the transition to hybrids would be commonplace in the future. With all of the information, taking all of this information into account, we came to the conclusion that hybrids had a number of advantages. Significant disadvantages that outweigh their fuel economy their higher cost is a good thing. This repels customers and makes the vehicles less appealing. Investment in the economy Techniques for energy-efficient processing are required. Should be developed before sophisticated hybrid materials can be produced bolsters their squeaky-clean image. Because of both expense and the limited number of hybrids on the road today, widespread adoption of sophisticated hybrid technology is not a viable choice in the near future. Overall, hybrid technology holds a lot of promise for the future. But they aren't a substantial improvement right now. In today's world, an internal combustion engine is referred to as an I.C.E.

International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology, 2021

Conventional vehicles play an important in transportation in ancient times. As they run on fossil fuels emission of CO2 and various hazardous gases takes place which gets converted into environmental pollutants. But nowadays the cost of fossil fuels is increasing day-by-day due to limiting reserves. In such case Hybrid vehicles play an important role to improve efficiency and reduce hazardous pollutants. Hybrid vehicles are vehicles that can run on fossil fuels and batteries. This review paper focuses on the comparison characteristics between conventional and electric vehicles. The comparison characteristics include maximum fuel economy, minimum fuel emission, minimum propulsion cost.

SDMCET, 2022

The hybrid engine in vehicles has the potential to reduce fossil fuel use, decrease pollution, and allow renewable energy sources for transportation. Conventional vehicles use petrol or diesel to power an internal combustion engine. Hybrid vehicles also use an internal combustion engine and can be fuelled like normal vehicles but have an electric motor and battery, and can be partially or wholly powered by electricity. Hybrid cars can be configured to obtain different objectives, such as improved fuel economy, increased power, or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and power tools. Many technologies like regenerative braking, electric motor drive, automatic start or shutoff are being used in hybrid cars to make them as good as conventional vehicles.

Since the late nineteenth century as of not long ago a few electric vehicles have been planned, produced and utilized all through the world. Some were simply models, others were concept cars, others were simply exceptional reason vehicles and recently, a significant number of universally useful cars has been created and popularized. Since the mid-nineties the transportation area emissions are as a rule progressively controlled and the reliance on oil and its cost variances began an expanding enthusiasm on electric vehicles (EV). A wide research was made on existing electric/hybrid vehicle models. A portion of these vehicles were simply in the plan stage, yet most achieved the model or full market generation. They were isolated into a few kinds, for example, NEVs, models, concept cars, and full homologated creation cars. For each kind of vehicle display a specialized notable examination was made. Information identified with the vehicle arrangement and in addition the inserted frameworks were gathered and looked at. In view of these information future prospect of advancement was in this way made. The principle center was put around city vehicles and long range vehicles. For city vehicles the market approach ordinarily comprises in the utilization of full electric design while for the last mentioned, the hybrid setup is usually utilized. The electrical frameworks and combustion engines found in these vehicles are contrasted all together with conjecture the development incline as far as specifications and execution of the entire vehicle and of every framework.