Research into Equivalence in Multilingual Parallel Corpora

2016

Thing that has always been a primary concern in translation studies is the accurate 'analyticity' of the ST and its translational 'equivalence' in the TT by 'exploration of contextual 'translation' variables [EC(T)V]' and 'creativity' to make the translation accurate, clear, readable, and 'equivalently' experiential. This underscores the creativity and comprehensive knowledge of the translators in exploring their right and duty to provide holistic (form-function-meaning-experience integrated) translation products of various types for a wider audience that are also valid and reliable with high quality. In the case of literary translation, particularly poet, translators may be met with artifacts of the author's creativity in the form of interesting or unusual phrases, examples, expressions, linguistic or stylistic devices (in addition to thematic development) that make the text highly unique. Here translators have the opportunity to be truly creative to capture that uniqueness of the ST; but at the same time, their translation is constrained and qualified by their dispositional knowledge of the ST and TT languages and various facets of translation theory and practice. Empirical research to test how such dispositional knowledge constrains, qualifies, and chooses different translation processes has not been undertaken so faras far as I know. Hence, in this study, such an attempt has been made to test how dispositional knowledge affects translation of an English passage into Indonesian. Five Indonesian bachelor degree students from the Osmania University have been chosen for this pilot study to find out how their dispositional translation choices bring about variation and affect the translation process as well as the product and its experience. The findings of this study show that the translator's preferences, knowledge and skills decide not only 1. the choice of words, sentence patterns, and overall meaning in the TT but also 2. the process as well as the product of translation; and 3. routine translation of the source texts is not always desirable and that creative choices are needed by translators to maximize 'Optimum Translation Features' and make the translation effective. K:armik Linguistic (Translation) Theory is used as the model for conducting this experiment.

The point of this examination is to research the translation strategies that prompted cultural losses and to underscore the important job of the interpreter as a cultural insider.Translating artistic is by all accounts the hardest undertaking to do, as a result of the cultural blocks which are confronting the translation procedure. Since the translation procedure is occurring between two different dialects, and as a conspicuous aftereffect of the communication between the two dialects, the translation procedure happens between the two different societies too, this is the reason the researcher have handled the exploration matter with the end goal to appear and comprehend the conceivable cultural deterrents that may the interpreter go over amid the deciphering procedure. Translating literature is dangerous essentially on the grounds that it includes translating the allegorical or metaphorical implications of writings. There is dependably a setting in which the translation happens, dependably a history behind a content and into which a content is transported, dependably an individual (the interpreter) having a place with a specific culture and a social foundation and dependably a readership whom the interpreter has as a top priority. The analysis obviously depicts the entanglements of translation and underscores the significance of cultural mindfulness when endeavoring to communicate. This paper has a tendency to examine the cultural hindrances in literary prose works with the end goal to get to the base of these issues and attempt to locate a genuine feasible solutions to treat them.

Translation of any text into a second language is recognized as inter-cultural communication. Translated literary text is produced as a result of negotiations among different languages. In this respect, the paper aimed to evaluate major approaches associated with quality assessment of literary translation. The Qualitative approach has been applied to investigate the techniques and linguistic features, associated with the translation of literary text. The study analyzed and assessed the issue of literary translation and has emphasized on the maintenance of text originality during translation. The investigation of techniques and linguistic approach has been assessed by employing theoretical perspective. Different past researches have been analyzed, based on the literary text features to identify the associated factors. The translation of any text is observed as an act of parallel creation, where a translator acts as a bridge across different cultures. A creative literary translator is one, who possesses good language skills to render meaning, style, and feeling to the translated content without disturbing the originality of the text. Therefore, a literary translator is believed to have a significant contribution towards better understanding of diverse cultures. The translated text is termed as a hybrid to some extent on the basis of cultural environment as it involves the transplantation of source text into target language.

Literary translation is one of the most challenging tasks in the field of translation. This paper focuses on the aporias in literary texts written and/or translated into Arabic, French, Italian, and English. I contend that some terms/phrases are difficult to render in the target text. This argument is bolstered by examples extracted from The Prophet of the Arabo-American author Gibran Kahlil Gibran. I selected this particular oeuvre given its immense success in terms of vast cultural diffusion and translation into various languages. Also, The Prophet, has been translated several times into the same target languages in addition to the large number of languages to which it has been rendered. I will discuss the translator’s dilemma when undertaking the task of faithfully conveying the aesthetics of the original text into the same, or into the closest version of the original. This paper concentrates on the cultural differences between languages by emphasizing on untranslatability and various retranslations. It analyzes how these elements were rendered into the target culture and language. The argument put forth in this paper attempts to shed light on the importance of literary translation, as one of the most critical discourses of translation.

This article deals with the problems in translating literary prose and reveals some pertinent solutions and also concentrates on the need to expand the perimeters of Translation Studies. The translation courses offered at many universities in Bangladesh and overseas treat the subject mostly as an outcome of Applied Linguistics. Presently, the teachers and students of translation are confused at the mounting impenetrability of the books and articles that flood the market. Unfortunately, the translators lay more emphasis on the translation of poetry; there should be more research regarding the particular problems of translating literary prose. One explanation of this could be the fact that the status of poetry is considered higher, but it is more possibly due to the notable flawed notion that the novels, essays, fiction etc. possess a simple structure compared to that of a poem and is thus easier to translate. However, many debates have been organised over when to translate, when to apply the close local equivalent, when to invent a new word by translating clearly, and when to copy. Simultaneously, the "untranslatable" cultural-bound words and phrases have been continuously fascinating the prose-translators and translation theorists. The plea made in this article is to admit the fact that there is a lot to be learnt from shaping the criteria for undertaking a prose-translation and we should appreciate the hard work, difficulties, or frustration of the 'translators' (go-betweens) in the creation of good sense of the texts. 98 contradictory that the translator should be "visible" and make use of "foreignising" attributes simultaneously, as foreignising attributes, at any rate in the Schleiermacher tradition, were chiefly initiated into the Target Text (T.T) from the Source Text (S.T), not by the translator's innovation.

2021

This article is devoted to the problem of translating literary text. The article analyzes the opinions of foreign scientists, who define each translation, including the artistic one, as a recreation of a work created in one language by means of another language. This raises the question of the accuracy, completeness and adequacy of literary translation.

2015

Unidades fraseológicas (UF) and paremias in Spanish –idioms and sayings in Englishhave been defined as semantically restricted lexical units consisting of more than two words with a high frequency of occurrence and an idiomatic meaninng. In this study we will analyze fifty-two idioms and sayings translated from English into Spanish from Choque de Reyes and Festín de Cuervos, written by George R.R. Martin and translated by Cristina Macías. Our main goal is to explore the main difficulties that fantasy literature presents to translators related to phraseology. The fact that the text presents a fictitious cultural content affects its idioms, which are frequently a modification (or desautomatization; Zuluaga, 1999) derived from other existing idioms in the original language culture. In order to analyze the corpus, we will attend to the different semantic relations lexical items maintain, and the prevailing meanings that are withdrawn each time. All translating techniques used by the tra...

Translatio, 2011

European journal of literature and linguistics, 2023

The aim of the article is to observe the recently appeared approaches to the analysis of translational phenomena realized in the literary texts. Research methods: observation, comparative analysis, contrastive analysis Research results: Translation Studies, being a theoretical discipline, is still being dynamically developed and new approaches to the practice of translation appear. Literary translation may also apply some approaches, which are traditionally used by other types of translation. Practical application: The research results and main conclusions can be used for developing new courses in theory and practice of translation, as well as serve as a practical guideline for literary translators.

Literary translation is one of the most decisive sub-fields of Translation Studies (TS) which has given rise to theoretical and practical debates among scholars. Translating literary works is actually so central to translation studies that without it much of the world's best literary works would be lost to us. According to Jackson (2003) “literary translation is a translational species in itself, but it differs in many important respects from the kind of translation practiced in a language class”. Newmark (1988) reinforces this where he asserts that “literary translation is the most testing type of translation” (p.162). The present study is an attempt to investigate the poetic translation assessment at extratextual level. Applying Vahid et al.’s Model (2008), the study compared a Persian piece of poetry by Moshiri (2003) and its English rendering by Vahid Dastjerdi (2006) to examine the closeness of the TT to the original text in terms of grammar and the poetics. The results of the study showed that such issues as literary expertise, background knowledge, and cultural knowledge are dominant features in the success of a translator when translating literature, poetry in particular, at a global (extra-textual) level. Key Words: Extra-textual meaning, Persian, English.

2021

Routledge Handbook of Translation History, 2020

This chapter outlines the theoretical and practical issues involved in compiling and analyzing the translation histories of literary classics from a socio-historical perspective. Starting from an overview of the theoretical framework (distant reading and sociological theory), I then move on to the practicalities of how and where to locate translations, both online and in print. Subsequently, I focus on one case study, namely Dante’s Divine Comedy, and analyzse its translation history. I give concrete data about the worldwide reception of this work – when and in which languages it was translated (and where it wasn’t was not translated) –- and then address specifically its translations into English. I show how often it was translated into specific forms – such as terza rima, blank verse, and free verse – and I additionally present examples of when it was censured in translation (in both Arabic and English). I address three other aspects of translation history as well: the nationalities of translators (focusing especially on the difference between UK and USA translators),; the age of translators;, and the gender of translators. I demonstrate that the vast majority of English translators of Dante’s Divine Comedy are male translators, even to the present day.

2020

Literary translation is considered to be the most challenging type of translation despite the numerous rewards it offers both to translators themselves and the humanity in general. Research shows that numerous factors contribute to this state of affairs. The differences between the source and target language and culture surely account for a large portion of the challenges that arise in doing literary translation. In addition, literature abounds with diverse literary genres – the most predominant ones being prose , poetry and plays. Each of them features a set of specific traits which when transferred into the target language need to be addressed with special deliberation. Nevertheless, a plethora of issues that literary translators grapple with are common to all three literary genres. These encompass translating the title, the culture-specific terms, slang, expletives, subtext, style, etc. This paper is intended to shed some light on these common pitfalls that recur in translating d...

World Journal of English Language, 2021

The topic of this paper covers one of the mysterious and fascinating topics of biblical study, specifically biblical proverbs. The paper is primarily devoted to outlining translation equivalents of semantic parallelism across two languages – English and Armenian. By employing the method of comparing cultural values, are outlined the architecture of semantic parallelism and the role of translator as an agent of cultural mediation in regard to translation of biblical proverbs.

"A Garland of Gifts: Essays in Honour of Olga Zorzi Pugliese." Eds. Konrad Eisenbichler, and Pasquale Sabbatino. Vol. 1. Welland: Soleil, 2021. 105-120.