Urban morphology of Noida Final Report

India would be one of the faster urbanizing countries. It is estimated that the number of cities having a population in excess of a million (10 lakhs) would increase from the current 53 to 85. For the cities to achieve their economic potential, seamless movement of people and goods becomes mandatory spots. Policies of avoid, shift and improve have been proposed in the developed world. Considering that a majority of the trips generated in urban areas are for accessing work and education, these trips cannot be avoided. Thus the shift strategy needs to be initiated. Experience in the developed world shows that one cannot build out of congestion and that providing unencumbered space for every vehicle in already built space would be a daunting task. Hence for catering to the travel demand, mass transport needs to be introduced in these economic hot-spots. For the mass transport to remain viable, a minimum population density is required. In this context, the present study tries to relate densities to the type of public transport. The study considers the carriage capacity of the different modes of public transport and links it with the trip generation potential of the city. This analysis is extended to the city of Vadodara. Firstly, vehicle ownership, public transport ridership data is analyzed. In addition, we analyze the quality of road infrastructure. Subsequently, ward level population density is estimated for determining the nature of public transport. Rather than using the corridor approach, the study uses a network approach for increasing the public transport ridership. The study concludes by suggesting policies for making public transport viable and the preferred mode of transport.

Despite the fact that motorization is increasing in Indian cities, an analysis of modal split suggests that almost 30% of the trips continue to be made by Non-Motorized Transport, in particular pedestrian trips, visa -vis cars and two wheelers (60-70%). Empowering pedestrian movement has become essential to maintaining affordability, environment sustainability and social inclusiveness. This research paper relates to the link between sustainable urban form and pedestrian movement and identifies innovative mechanisms to enable pedestrian movement at critical city locations within Nagpur. Firstly, it corroborates theories pertaining to pedestrian movement, broad-based connectivity and land use, and then conducts field level research in two transit areas, a major bus stop and a railway station, which are major generators of pedestrian movement in the city. Secondly the author's base their analysis on indicators such as existing land-use, population density, block size, intersections density, morphology, street pattern and connectivity, intensity of pedestrian movement, and visual field. Furthermore, the analysis is based upon qualitative research methodologies such as descriptive and impressionistic analysis and visual correlation, comprising of visual surveys and interviews of hawkers, pedestrians and shopkeepers; and collection of secondary data. Lastly, the research concludes the interrelation between mixed land use, varying skyline, informal activities, evolving an ideal street design enabling pedestrian movement which lead to creation of people-centric smart cities.

English)Urban land use and transport planning and management are constant mutative interrelated processes. Even though, there is a growing body of research concerned with the relationship between urban and travel behaviour, studies. Since these studies originate from a diversity of sources and encompass a variety of geographic scales and locations and their contextual application need to be reviewed. This paper reviews urban form and travel behaviour relation in context of Ahmedabad city. A geo-spatial urban form and travel behaviour model is constructed using urban form data derived from conventional data sources like census and remote sensing and travel behaviour data from household survey for Ahmedabad city. The developed model would be able to position and relate urban form and travel behaviour indicator on strategic (planning, economic, social), spatial (block, ward, zone) and integration (individual or combined indicators) dimensions. The model developed would be able explain the inter-related urban and transport mutative process so as to monitor the effect of urban and transport interventions and policy implications. (French)L'utilisation du sol en milieu urbain et la planification et gestion du transport sont des processus constamment en corrélation. Bien qu' il y ait des recherches croissantes concernant les rapports entre l'utilisation du sol en milieu urbain et les comportements de voyage, ces études proviennent d'une diversité des sources, et englobent une variété d'échelles et de localisations géographiques et par consequent leur application contextuelle doit être révisée. Ce document passe en revue la relation entre la forme urbaine et le comportement de voyage dans le contexte de la ville d'Ahmedabad. Un modèle geo-spatial d'utilisation du sol en milieu urbain et du comportement de voyage est construit en utilisant des données urbaines dérivées des sources de données conventionnelles comme des données de recensement, de télédétection et des données de comportement de voyage obtenues des enquêtes de ménages pour la ville d'Ahmedabad. Le modèle développé sera capable de placer et rapporter l'indicateur de forme urbaine et celui de comportement de voyage sur des dimensions stratégiques (planification, économique, sociale), spatiales (bloc, quartier, zone) et d'intégration (indicateurs individuels ou combinés). Le modèle développé sera aussi capable d'expliquer le processus constamment en corrélation d'utilisation du sol en milieu urbain et de transport afin de surveiller l'effet des interventions urbaines et de transport ainsi que les implications de politiques.

2017

A review of the transportation urban design and planning literature provides a highlight to modern needs for multidisciplinary research on the impact of neighborhood and other physical environment factors. The most common activity of adults is walking as it has been recorded in Xanthi. The city is facing problems in the arrangement of traffic. A survey has been performed on the traffic volumes in the central part of Xanthi's neighborhoods including the Old Town settlement. There is a need for traffic calming measures in both cities. The road network has been recorded and analyzed. Bearing in mind the sustainable development of connectivity, serving pedestrians, cyclists and drivers, new design of interchanges and variations in traffic signaling are proposed. These measures are meant to be cost effective and welcome by both the majority of users and the local authorities responsible for the implementation of politics with a view of enhanced mobility in the future.

NCSBE , 2018

The urban street network forms the basis for the pattern of movement in any built environment The pattern of movement has imminent effects on the built environment notably on land-use, land values, crime pattern, spatial expansion, etc. Analysing the urban street network by using space syntax techniques, helps in understanding the effects of the spatial network on the built environment, as these techniques use the language of graphs and data to represent the spatial relationships. Similarly, analysing the street network of newly planned cities genuinely helps in anticipating the pattern of movement on the street network, which is desirable for urban planners to understand the effects of their design. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse and understand the effects of the street network of Amaravati (the new Capital City for the State of Andhra Pradesh) on its pattern of mobility, land-use, land values and spatial expansion.

Understanding Urbanisation in Northeast India Issues and Challenges Edited by M A Singh and K Singha, 2020

Extent of urbanization is often considered as a measure of development. But, unplanned urbanization ultimately pushes a geographical area towards several undesirable outcomes. Health hazards, casualties during natural disasters, slum dwellings and overcrowding are some of the issues associated with unplanned urbanization. The planners need to keep a track of such urban agglomeration from time to time and frame necessary policies. The paper tries to find out the direction of urbanization of the northeastern states of India and exhibits the districts of the region that are heading towards urban congestion. District level data of Census of India 2011 is used for the study. The work finds that Mizoram and Nagaland are the states with several districts that have indications of urban congestion.

2021

Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) has created a significant impact on urban development in the core areas of cities throughout the world, and has been running along the movement corridors, especially in and around these areas resulting in a deterioration of the overall urban environment. It has also become evident that, in these core areas of the cities, mostly in the developing countries, like Kolkata, these developments have been largely uncontrolled, sporadic and piecemeal in nature, creating haphazard and chaotic spatial/ physical environment, primarily influenced by unregulated market forces.As a result, these core areas require immediate intervention to rectify the problems, as well as to arrest any further deterioration of the spatial /physical environments. However, in cities like Kolkata, these interventions are based on conventional Urban Planning paradigm, and so far have failed to address the situation properly. Thus an investigation of the impact of MRTS on these core ar...

Journal of Engineering Technology, 2016

Urbanization is one of the major phenomenon in the current urban scenario. It has been estimated that by 2030 around 400 square kilometers of land would be consumed for urban area and it is expected that in the next 20 years urban population will be doubled due to massive spatial and economic change in developing countries. Many developed countries like UK, USA have adopted transit oriented strategies that focus on catalyzing development along transit oriented corridors. On an ongoing basis, the strategies have been presented for augmenting development and transit ridership. There have been adverse effects of urbanization on development in many countries. In India, mass urbanization, is leading to severe environmental and economic problems such as urban poverty, congestion, pollution, degradation of quality of life etc. Hence, a sustainable approach is required to attend to these problems and ensure a positive growth for the cities. In Indian cities, rapid transit is a comparatively new phenomenon. Hence, the current strategies being introduced include densifying the development along the transit corridors, boosting compact development, discouraging private ridership, improving paratransit modes to enhance transit accessibility and ridership. A transit-oriented development (TOD) is thus an approach integrating land use and transit systems to maximize access to public transport and solve other glitches. Transit oriented development embraces compact mixed use design that provide proper accessibility to transit and non-motorized transportation and encourages transit ridership. It aims at integrating infrastructure, transport and land use with urban design to increase positive growth in the city.

The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 2021

Rapidly growing cities in developing countries like India are facing some concerns such as unplanned and unsystematic urban growth. The port based industrial development plays a pivotal role for growth of urban expansion and transport development over once the agricultural dominant area in Haldia Municipality, West Bengal. This study emphasised on the relationship between urban expansion and transport development using various geospatial and statistical techniques. Land use/cover maps have been prepared in ArcGIS v.10.1 for 2001 and 2018 with the help of Landsat images then road network connectivity was analysed using statistical techniques and GIS environment. Kernel density was used for analysing hybrid road network density. Finally, correlation technique was applied to find out the spatial relationship between the exiting transportation and population. Based on the results, we found the value of coefficient of determination as 0.651 that means transportation development is rigidly controlled by population density. So, urban area was expanded day after day through the huge population pressure over the study area. Moreover, hybrid road transport networks were developed which are well connected to all the fringe areas from the city centre for providing better transport accessibility and facility. But, the planning of urban area through transportation is required to give more attention on proper allocation of others urban services especially for the city people.

2013

Nagpur is the second capital of Maharashtra and serves as major commercial, industrial, educational, transportation and medical center. Due to concentration of social, economic, educational and administrative functions in the city its degree of primacy is ever increasing which has resulted in traffic congestion, unorganized development, reduction of green areas, accelerated and haphazard urban sprawl. The alarming growth of motorized vehicle in Nagpur has jeopardized the urban transportation system. According to Nagpur Municipal Corporation's environment report 2008-09 cities‟ air is unsafe to breathe all year round. The chaotic development can become a major dampener to economic growth and cause quality of life to deteriorate. This paper investigates the existing urban issues of Nagpur and explains how Transit Oriented Development (TOD) can address the above mentioned problems and further it gives guidelines on reinforcing land use and transportation interface.