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2020, International Journal of Advanced Research
Purpose: The study examines the prevalence of Bulimia nervosa in students at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia.Bulimia nervosaisan eating disorder characterized by consumption of large amounts of food by an individual followed by an attempt such as self-induced vomiting, long periods of exercising, and diuretics to avoid gaining weight. Patients and Method: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey among King Abdulaziz University students in Saudi Arabia. A sample of 499 comprising 357 females and 142 males was randomly selectedparticipants—the age of the sample population aged between 20 to over 55 years. The participants filled questionnaires about eating behavior, smoking, body image, and psychiatrist disorders. The height and weight of the sample population were taken, and their BMI was established. Results: Based on our statistics, the prevalence of bulimia nervosa among the male was 0.3%, and that of the female was 1.4%. ...
2019
Introduction: The term bulimia nervosa describes a food intake disorder which is characterized by episodic binge eating (eating very large amounts of food in a short period of time), followed by the effort of purging all the unnecessary calories usually through vomiting, laxatives, diuretics and excessive exercise. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to present all aspects related to bulimia nervosa and its treatment. Methodology: The material of the study has been recent articles concerning the subject. They have been mainly found via electronic database Medline and the Hellenic academic libraries Link (HEAL-Link). Results: Bulimia nervosa is mainly manifested in women in approximately 90% compared to men. It usually starts during adolescence or early adulthood. About 4% of adolescent women suffer from bulimia nervosa. Approximately 50% of people who had suffered from anorexia nervosa develop bulimia or bulimic behaviors. It is difficult to define the total number of individual...
Medical science, 2023
Background: Eating disorders are prevalent health conditions that affect any age, in particular adolescents. While perceived social pressure to be thin has a significant influence on disordered eating in early and middle adolescence, that in late adolescence is less well understood. Evidence suggests that the prevalence of eating problems has grown. Methods: A descriptive crosssectional study was carried out to examine the prevalence of eating disorders using the EAT-26 and body dysmorphic disorder questionnaires among the general population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Results: Of the 426 participants, the prevalence of high levels of eating disorder concerns was 34.5%, problematic eating behaviour was 44.6% and the need for referral to a mental health professional was 55.9%. Body dysmorphic disorder affected 2.6% of the participants. Its prevalence differed significantly based on their age and among underweight and obese participants compared with their healthyweighted and overweight groups. Conclusion: The findings underline the need to enhance knowledge of the significance of healthy eating habits and regular physical activity to improve body shape, shape perception and overall happiness.
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of eating disorders among Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU) in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, female students and to investigate the associated factors. Original Articles Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at IAU, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in 2016 with 670 participants. Data was collected by selfadministered questionnaires, including the Eating attitude test 26 (EAT-26) and the sociocultural attitudes toward appearance questionnaire (SATAQ-4). Eating behavior questions were asked to determine whether the respondents should seek evaluation for an eating disorder (ED) from a professional. Results: Eating attitude test 26 results showed that 29.4% of participants were categorized at a high level of concern for an ED, and 45.5% were categorized as at risk of having problematic feeding behaviors. Of the participants who scored above 20 on the EAT-26, 60.7% demonstrated high-risk feeding behavior attitudes, and approximately 11.5% who scored a body mass index (BMI) classified as underweight or very underweight required referral to a psychologist. A significant relationship was found between family stress to lose weight and EAT-26 scores above 20. The media was also found to represent external influence to lose weight. Conclusion: This study concluded that early detection of EDs or problematic feeding behaviors and attitude is vital to minimize the risks to physical health and well-being of the sufferers' experiences.
Global Journal of Health Science, 2012
Backgrounds: Many socio cultural variables could be affect eating disorders in Asian countries. In Iran, there are few researches regarding eating disorders and their contributing factors. The aim of this study is to explore frequency of eating disorders and their risk factors in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: About 1204 participants were selected aged between fourteen to 55 years. Frequency of eating disorders and effects of variables such as demographic characteristics, Body Mass Index (BMI), use of media, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, social comparison and social pressure for thinness in individuals with and without eating disorders, were assessed. Findings: The prevalence of eating disorders was 11.5% that included 0.8% anorexia nervosa, 6.2% full threshold bulimia nervosa, 1.4% sub threshold anorexia nervosa and 30% sub threshold binge eating disorder. Symptoms of bulimic syndrome were greater in males. Conclusion: In Iran, eating disorders and related problems are new issue that could be mentioned seriously The identification of these disorders and their related contributing factors are necessity of management and preventive programs planning.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2003
Objective: To review the literature on the incidence and prevalence of eating disorders. Methods: We searched Medline using several key terms relating to epidemiology and eating disorders and we checked the reference lists of the articles that we found. Special attention has been paid to methodologic problems affecting the selection of populations under study and the identification of cases. Results: An average prevalence rate for anorexia nervosa of 0.3% was found for young females. The prevalence rates for bulimia nervosa were 1% and 0.1% for young women and young men, respectively. The estimated prevalence of binge eating disorder is at least 1%. The incidence of anorexia nervosa is 8 cases per 100,000 population per year and the incidence of bulimia nervosa is 12 cases per 100,000 population per year. The incidence of anorexia nervosa increased over the past century, until the 1970s. Discussion: Only a minority of people who meet stringent diagnostic criteria for eating disorders are seen in mental health care. # 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 34: 383-396, 2003.
Psychological Medicine, 2009
Little is known about the epidemiology of bulimia nervosa outside clinical settings. We report the incidence, prevalence and outcomes of bulimia nervosa using for the first time a nationwide study design.
2022
Background: The original and enhanced cognitive-behavioral model of bulimia nervosa model has yet to be evaluated among women of Eastern socities. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the validity of original and enhanced version of CB-BN model in a sample of Iranian student women. Methods: Five hundred sixteen student women completed a bttery of questionnaires. Results: Fit indices idicated that both the original and enhanced models provided a good fit to the data. In the original model, overvaluation of shape and weight and associated with dietary restraint and Binge Eating. Binge eating and dietary restraint correlated with purging. In the enhanced model, significant path was observed between self-esteem and overvaluation of shape and weight; clinical perfectionism and overvaluation of shape and weight; Overvaluation of shape and weight and dietary restraint; Overvaluation of shape and weight and binge eating; binge eating and purging; dietary restraint and purging; and i...
Psychological Medicine, 1990
SynopsisPrevalence of bulimia was estimated from a cross-sectional general population survey of 1498 adults, using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) administered by trained lay interviewers. Lifetime prevalence of the DSM-III syndrome in adults aged 18–64 was 1·0% and this was concentrated in young women: in women aged 18–44 lifetime prevalence was 2·6%, and 1·0% currently had the disorder. Based on clinicians' reinterviews of random respondents and identified and marginal cases, the prevalence of current disorder using criteria for draft DSM-III-R bulimia was 0·5%, for DSM-III it was 0·2%, and for Russell's Criteria bulimia nervosa 0·0%. A strong cohort effect was found, with higher lifetime prevalence among younger women, which is consistent with a growing incidence of the disorder among young women in recent years. Although elements of the syndromes were so common as to suggest that dysfunctional attitudes to eating and disturbed behaviour surrounding eating are wid...
Journal of Food and Nutritional Disorders, 2017
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) and its determinants among Emirati female students: ages 14 to 19, Ajman. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 4 public female high schools in Ajman, with a stratified random sampling of 315 Emirati students. The participants were selected from 3 strata: grade 10, 11, and 12. From each, two classes were selected randomly. Moreover, 30% of the participants at risk of Eating disorders were invited to an individual interview to explore their unique determinants of Eating Disorders. Outcome measures of this study were Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) Score, Body Mass Index (BMI), Perceived Body Image and Desired Body Image. Additionally, a figure of body image scale correlated to BMI was adapted from Bays et al. [1]. Results: Results were demonstrated into six tables. Average age was 16 ± 1.1 years, where 17.5% of participants were underweight, 48.6% normal weight, 17.8% overweight and 16.2% obese. Furthermore 36.2% were at risk of Eating Disorders. Sub-analysis showed that 20.3% were at risk of Binge Eating Disorder, 4.8% Bulimia, and 5.4% Anorexia. There was a significant discrepancy between their actual and perceived body image. 49.1% of the underweight participants and 80.4% of the overweight perceived their body image as normal. Individual interviews analysis showed the dominant determinants of Eating disorders to be dieting in the family, media's effect, and peer pressure. Conclusion: The study highlights the severity of the problem in Ajman, UAE. The results can be used to plan health awareness campaigns to prevent Eating disorders among the Emirati youth.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2002
2021
Background: Eating disorders (EDs) involve persistent disturbed eating and related behaviors that result in altered consumption or absorption of food with potential physical or psychological function impairment. EDs have four major types: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorder not otherwise specified. The investigation aimed to study the prevalence of EDs by assessing nutritional status for nutrition students and dietitians from multiple provinces in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 175 male and female nutrition students or dietitians. EDs were diagnosed using EAT-26 and DSM5. Dietary intake was estimated by repeated 24-hr recall records. Diet was analyzed using food processor nutrition and fitness software. Intakes were compared with the recommended dietary allowances. Results: According to EAT-26 diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of EDs was 15.4%. The mean age was 24.96 ± 4 years. ED subjects had normal BMIs. The die...
International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition, 2018
Objective: The study aimed at examining the prevalence and correlates of eating disorder among female college students of Northern Broader University, Arar city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among female college students. The total sample size was 160 (66.66% of total population of college) and stratified random sampling technique was used to select female students age ranged between 18 and 23 years from faculty of medical and faculty of applied medical science. Subjects were ask to fill pre tested questionnaire about socioeconomic status, age at menarche, body image and Eating attitude test 26 (EAT 26), there height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Results: Out of 160 female college students only 120 (75%) returned completely filled questionnaires and they were considered for statistical analysis. It was found that, 32 (26.66%) of study population scored 20 or above, which is the cutoff point of EAT-26, indicating negative eating attitudes. There was significant difference found in prevalence of disordered eating attitudes in different BMI ranges. However, the association between student's age at menarche and abnormal eating attitude was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings support our hypothesis of a relatively high rate of abnormal eating attitudes (as reflected by high EAT-26 score) in this population. The results have important implication for increasing awareness about an emerging clinical problem. The prevalence of eating disorder is the most useful measure for planning health care facilities, as it indicates the demand for care.
Frontiers in Psychology
Objective: There is lack of information on the presentation of eating disorders (EDs) in Saudi Arabia using gold standard clinical tools. The present study aimed to provide data on the presentation of EDs in Saudi Arabia using clinically validated measures.Method: Hundred and thirty-three individuals (33 male) with a mean age of 22 years (2.63) completed three measures: the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), a semi-structured interview, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), a self-report measure, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to measure comorbid symptoms.Results: Individuals in Saudi Arabia reported higher levels of restraint, eating concern and shape concern and a higher global score, but lower levels of weight concern on the EDE-Q compared to the EDE. Female participants reported a higher global score, alongside significantly higher scores on the restraint, shape concern and weight concern subscales than males. The most common ED subtype wa...
Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition, 2011
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1984
To investigate the incidence and correlates of bulimic behavior, 1268 high school females were surveyed. A 47-item questionnaire was used to identify a group of students that would meet the DSM-III criteria for a probable diagnosis of bulimia. Students were then compared across the four content areas of demographics; body perception and weight information; dieting, exercise and menstrual behavior; and frequency of bingeing and purging behavior. Results indicated that 4.9% of the students met rigorous criteria for the diagnosis of bulimia. Between-group comparisons indicated that body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and chronicity of dieting differentiated the two groups.
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2003
We reviewed the literature on the course and outcome of bulimia nervosa. Longer-term outcome is associated with a considerable degree of relapse and chronification. Diagnostic crossover to anorexia nervosa and binge eating disorder is low. Mortality in bulimia nervosa is considerably lower than in anorexia nervosa. Social adjustment and sexuality apparently normalizes in quite a few bulimic women over the course of time. A large group of bulimic pa-tients, however, chronifies and suffers from severe bulimic symptoms and social and sexual impairment.
International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2018
Background: The social media pressure on women to be thin and the advertisement for strict diet plans have been linked to the expression of serious eating disorders. The prevalence of eating disorder risk in university students is high and is associated with unhealthy weight-control practices .Eating disorders is known to have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness. Objectives:The study aimed to estimate the risk of eating disorders and its association with body weight among female medical students in Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) in Saudi Arabia.Method: This cross-sectional study surveyed 557 female students at IAU. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire filled by all Saudi female medical students .Analysis was done using SPSS version16. Results: 14.1% of female medical students were at high risk for eating disorders. There was a significant correlation between Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire score (EDE-Q), BMI and self-perception of weight (P<0.001). By logistic regression analysis, the factor that was found to be significantly associated with high risk of eating disorders was abnormal self-perception of weight with a p value = 0.002. Conclusion: The prevalence of eating disorders risk in female university students is high and is associated with unhealthy weight-control practices which correlates with similar results in previous studies these results may be taken to improve early detection and management of eating disorders among female students in the university campuses.
2013
Bulimia Nervosa (BN) is primarily a psychiatric disorder characterized by severe disturbances of eating behaviour. Bulimia nervosa is one of the most common eating disorder and is characterized by compulsive eating extremely followed by compensatory efforts to purge calories and avoid weight gain. In fact, eating disorder has become a growing issue in adolescence. They are very concerned about their physical appearance but are unable to control their over eating habits. From the Islamic perspective, health is viewed as one of the greatest blessings that Allah has bestowed on mankind. Various Qur'anic verses and texts within Islam promote the healthy eating habits ie. balanced diet and eating in moderation. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) has strictly forbidden overeating in the following hadith: "overeating is the source of all diseases," (narrated by Al-Sayuthy cited in Abdillah, 1996).This study identifies factors which lead to eating disorder and results in obesity. Hence, obesity has been identified as a risk factor for the development of bulimia nervosa among those who try to lose weight.
Psychological Medicine, 2005
Background. Recent epidemiological data suggest a decline in bulimia nervosa (BN) incidence in primary care. We sought to examine BN point prevalence from 1982 to 2002 in a college population. , 800 women and 400 men were randomly sampled from a university for a study of health and eating patterns. Participation rates were 72 % in women and 63 % in men, resulting in n=2491 participants.
International neuropsychiatric disease journal, 2024
The disease known as bulimia nervosa, which is typified by purging and binge eating, usually starts in adolescence and peaks at the age of 18. The ratio of female to male patients varies from 10:1 to 20:1, with a lifetime frequency of 3 per cent. The majority of bulimic individuals also suffer from other mental illnesses, such as depression or anxiety. Additionally, there is a correlation between substance misuse and promiscuity. Bulimia nervosa was initially identified as a "chronic phase of anorexia nervosa" in 1979 by British psychiatrist Gerald Russell. During this stage, patients overeat and resort to compensatory methods such as self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or extended periods of deprivation. For three
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