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2002, Theoretical Computer Science
The natural correspondence between preÿx codes and trees is explored, generalizing the results obtained in Giammarresi et al. (Theoret. Comput. Sci. 205 (1998) 1459) for the lattice of ÿnite trees under division and the lattice of ÿnite maximal preÿx codes. Joins and meets of preÿx codes are studied in this light in connection with such concepts as ÿniteness, maximality and varieties of rational languages. Decidability results are obtained for several problems involving rational preÿx codes, including the solution to the primeness problem.
Theoretical Computer Science, 1998
We study properties of the meet of two rational codes X and Y, defined as the base of the free monoid X* n Y*. We first give several examples of rational maximal codes X and Y such that their meet is no longer a maximal code. We give a combinatorial characterization of the rational maximal codes X, Y for which the meet is a maximal code. We also show that any rational (maximal or not) code is the meet of two rational maximal codes.
Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, 2009
We study computably enumerable (c.e.) prefix codes which are capable of coding all positive integers in an optimal way up to a fixed constant: these codes will be called universal. We prove various characterisations of these codes including the following one: a c.e. prefix code is universal iff it contains the domain of a universal self-delimiting Turing machine. Finally, we study various properties of these codes from the points of view of computability, maximality, and density.
Information Processing Letters, 1995
Information and Control, 1978
A necessary and sufficient condition is given under which a finite prefix code A (d _C X*) is maximal. This condition, which does not hold in general for infinite rational prefix codes, is derived from a main theorem obtained by means of a combinatorial method consisting of the construction for any prefix code and word f~ X* of a suitable sequence of conjugate words off. Further, some auxiliary results and consequences of the theorem are shown.
Theory of Computing Systems, 2011
We attack the problem of deciding whether a finite collection of finite languages is a code, that is, possesses the unique decipherability property in the monoid of finite languages. We investigate a few subcases where the theory of rational relations can be employed to solve the problem. The case of unary languages is one of them and as a consequence, we show how to decide for two given finite subsets of nonnegative integers, whether they are the n-th root of a common set, for some n ≥ 1. We also show that it is decidable whether a finite collection of finite languages is a Parikh code, in the sense that whenever two products of these sets are commutatively equivalent, so are the sequences defining these products. Finally, we consider a nonunary special case where all finite sets consist of words containing exactly one occurrence of the specific letter.
Information Processing Letters, 1992
Gastin, P., E. Ochmanski, A. Petit and B. Rozoy, Decidability of the Star Problem in A* x(b)*, Information Processing Letters 44 (1992) 65-71.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006
Rational graphs are a family of graphs defined using labelled rational transducers. Unlike automatic graphs (defined using synchronized transducers) the first order theory of these graphs is undecidable, there is even a rational graph with an undecidable first order theory. In this paper we consider the family of rational trees, that is rational graphs which are trees. We prove that first order theory is decidable for this family. We also present counter examples showing that this result cannot be significantly extended both in terms of logic and of structure.
Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, 1990
Theorem 2.13. Let S be a nontrivial, Steinitz exchange system of infinite dimension over 0. Then the first-order theory of the lattice of closed substructures of S is of complexity at least that of second-order .logic on K,, (or equivalently, second-order number theory). Section 1 Let K be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 and infinite transcendence degree over Q, the rationals. Let k = cl(Q). Let 3 be the lattice of algebraically closed subfields of K. Let 3* consist of 6p together with several parameters, that is, constant symbols for several elements of 3 to be introduced shortly. We first show that _Y* has the logical complexity of second-order logic on K, and then we show how to eliminate the use of these parameters. Let B = {bi : i E Z} be a transcendence basis of K over k. As K is of infinite transcendence degree, K and Z have the same cardinality. Thus, it suffices to show how to translate all sentences of second-order logic on Z into sentences of the first-order theory of 9* (and later on 3). Furthermore, by folklore it suffices to show how to translate into sentences of the first-order theory of 3* only those sentences of second-order logic with quantification over elements of Z and quantification over functions from Z to 1. Notation. For any subset { wi :j E Z} of K, we let (w, : j E J) denote Cl({Wj :j E Z}). Similarly for any element w of K, we let (w) denote cl({ w}). Say x1,. .. , x, are algebraically independent elements of K. Say x E (x1,. .. , x,). We say x depends on xi,. .. , x, if xi E (x1,. .. , x, with Xi replaced by x) for i = 1,. .. , n. B can be split into two disjoint subsets Bx = {xi : i E Z} and BY = { yi : i E Z}. The parameters are K>=(B,), K;=(B,), Kg=(xt+yt: i EZ), and Kg=(Xiyt:i EZ). Let Id(u, v) be the formula in the language of lattices that says: (ia) u is one dimensional contained in Kg & (ib) v is one dimensional contained in Kc & (ii) (u join v) meet KS is one dimensional & (iii) (u join v) meet K; is one dimensional.
International journal of health sciences
This article consists of two parts.First,we study boolean algebras.Boolean algebras are famous mathematical structures.Tarski showed the decidability of the elementary theory of Booleana lgebras.In this paper, we study the different kinds of Boolean algebras and their properties. And we present for the first-order theory of atomic Boolean algebras a quantifier elimination algorithm. The subset relation is a partial order and indeed a lattice order,And I will prove that the theory of atomic Boolean lattice orders is decidable, and furthermore admits elimination of quantifiers.So the theory of the subset relation isdecidable.And we will study decidability of atomlss boolean algebra.Second part,of this paper we show that the structure of rational numbers in different languages has the property of quantifier elimination,and hence is decidable.This proofes are organized in two parts. We first review some classical theorems and will give new proofs for old results.In seco...
Theoretical Computer Science, 2017
We present here the notion of signature of trees and of languages, and its relationships with the theory of numeration systems. The signature of an ordered infinite tree (of bounded degree) is an infinite (bounded) sequence of integers, the sequence of the degrees of the nodes taken in the visit order of the canonical breadth-first traversal of the tree. A prefix-closed language defines such a tree augmented with labels on arcs, hence is associated with a signature. This way of 'traversing' a language is related to the notion of abstract numeration system, due to Lecomte and Rigo. After having set in detail the framework of signature, we study and characterise the signatures of rational languages. Using a known construction from numeration system theory, we show that these signatures form a special subclass of morphic words. We then use this framework to give an alternative definition to morphic numeration systems (also called Dumont-Thomas numeration systems). We finally highlight that the classes of morphic numeration systems and of (prefix-closed) rational abstract numeration systems are essentially the same.
Journal of applied mathematics and physics, 2024
We investigate decomposition of codes and finite languages. A prime decomposition is a decomposition of a code or languages into a concatenation of nontrivial prime codes or languages. A code is prime if it cannot be decomposed into at least two nontrivial codes as the same for the languages. In the paper, a linear time algorithm is designed, which finds the prime decomposition. If codes or finite languages are presented as given by its minimal deterministic automaton, then from the point of view of abstract algebra and graph theory, this automaton has special properties. The study was conducted using system for computational Discrete Algebra GAP.
Forum Mathematicum
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the group of a rational maximal bifix code Z to be isomorphic with the F-group of {Z\cap F} , when F is recurrent and {Z\cap F} is rational. The case where F is uniformly recurrent, which is known to imply the finiteness of {Z\cap F} , receives special attention. The proofs are done by exploring the connections with the structure of the free profinite monoid over the alphabet of F.
International Journal of Computer Mathematics, 2002
Several properties of the products of finite maximal prefix, maximal biprefix, semaphore, synchronous, maximal infix and maximal outfix codes are discussed respectively. We show that, for two nonempty subsets X and Y of A Ã such that the product XY being thin, if XY is a maximal biprefix code, then X and Y are maximal biprefix codes. Also, it is shown that, for two finite nonempty subsets X and Y of A Ã such that the product XY being unambiguous, if XY is a semaphore code then X and Y are semaphore codes. Finally, two open problems to the product of finite semaphore and maximal infix codes are presented.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
It is established here that it is decidable whether a rational set of a free partially commutative monoid (i.e. trace monoid) is recognizable or not if and only if the commutation relation is transitive (i.e. if the trace monoid is isomorphic to a free product of free commutative monoids). The bulk of the paper consists in a characterization of recognizable sets of free products via generalized finite automata.
IEEE Access
In the presented paper, we investigate the problem of finding the maximum possible cardinality of a dictionary of a prefix code for a string of a given length. Namely, we present a sharp proof of the cardinality of such a dictionary using results from the number theory. What is more, the presented formula is for the general case of a string over any, not just binary, alphabet. Furthermore, we give conditions on the existence of the so-called canonical dictionary for such a string, where the codewords of the dictionary have at most two different lengths, differing by one. Our approach is based on reformulating the problem of finding the maximum possible cardinality of a dictionary for a string of a given length as the problem of finding the maximum possible number of summands in the Kraft-Szillard partition of the number representing the length of the string, by solving a Diophantine equation related to the canonical partition of the number. One of the areas of applications of presented results is the security-estimate of ciphers based on prefix codes. INDEX TERMS Prefix codes, maximum minimal dictionary, partitions of a natural number, Kraft-Szillard partition, cipher based on prefix codes.
2005
In this paper we discuss the problem of constructing minimum-cost, prefix-free codes for equiprobable words under the assumption that all codewords are restricted to belonging to an arbitrary language L and extend the classes of languages to which L can belong. Note: This extended abstract is essentially the version which appears in The proceedings of WADS'05, but with extra diagrams added.
1997
Å. IntËodÎction Lexicographic codes, or lexicodes for short, were introduced by Conway and Sloane in [3, 4] as algebraic codes with surprisingly good parameters. Binary lexicodes include, among other famous optimal codes, theHamming codes, theGolay code, and certainquadratic residue codes [4, 8]. Several authors [2, 4] have proved that lexicodes are always linear. Comparison with optimal linear codes of the same length and dimension [4] shows that lexicodes are usually within one of the optimal minimum distance.
STACS 94, 1994
In this article, we deal with the notion of maximal code, which plays an important role in the theory of variable length codes. For background we refer to the book of Berstel and Perrin [1]. A typical result about codes is that every code is embedded into a maximal one ie, a code any ...
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