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The paper explores the application of regression analysis in understanding the relationship between independent and dependent variables, specifically focusing on the correlation between height and weight among teachers. Various statistical methods, including hypothesis testing and linear correlation, are utilized to evaluate the strength of relationships in bivariate data. Additionally, the paper includes practical exercises for teacher-participants to enhance their skills in regression analysis through real data examples.
International Research Journal of Education and Technology, 2023
The objective of the present paper was to present a comprehensive critique of the use of correlation coefficients.Several analysis and interpretation are discussed, beginning with the assumption that correlational statistics can be used to establish cause.Implementation of this statistical tool in the field of educational research in the last decade are discussed thoroughly. We hope that our work will inspire others to pay closer attention to our most often used this inferential statistic in the field of educational research.
In this paper we describe a workshop which was aimed to develop the knowledge needed to teach correlation and regression in high school teachers. The workshop was based on a formative cycle model used in our previous research and directed to simultaneously increase the teachers' statistical and pedagogical knowledge. To develop the teachers' knowledge of correlation and regression we proposed them to complete a statistical project based on real data taken from the UNESCO web server, followed by a collective discussion of their solutions to the tasks proposed in the project. A didactical analysis of the project helped them to increase their pedagogical content knowledge. Some results in a sample of prospective Spanish teachers will be briefly reported.
Correlation - Levels of Measurement Introduction For this study, a correlation test was utilized for predictive analytics, to predict as well as estimate whether student’s self-ability to master science depend on their teacher’s intelligence (IQ). Correlation is a statistical technique used by researchers to determine the relationship between two or more variables. Variables In order to achieve the objective of the study, two variables were obtained from a university Longitudinal Study. The variables were: The first variable (dependent) is the aggregate of student’s science self-competence, whereas the second variable (independent) is the IQ score for the science lecturer. The study presumes that the high levels of science lecturer’s intelligence, the better outcome to student’s self-efficacy in the subject. The study is particularly interested in determining if lecturer’s scale of brainpower in science can influence their learner’s self-ability in the subject. The outcome of this study can be used to inform decision-maker in schools during the selection process of the science instructors. Levels of Measurement Level of measurement for the two variables is continuous. Data for students was obtained as exam scores (measured between 0-100), it’s therefore ratio. Conversely, lecturers data was captured based on their completion time (estimated in hours) for IQ scale, hence it’s measured in interval (time intervals). Therefore, the level of measurement for this study is ratio/interval. Type of Correlation Used A bivariate (Pearson) correlation test was used to determine whether there is a relationship between students’ science self-efficacy and lecturer’s IQ score (intelligence level). The test establishes the strength (strong or weak) and the direction (positive or negative) of the relationship between two variables (Salkind, 2013). The value of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) lies between -1 to +1, and 0. A negative value implies no association (complete inverse relationship), for instance, an increase in variable X facilitates a decrease in variable Y. Hypothesis and Research Research question: Is there a significant positive correlation between lecturer’s science IQ score and student’s science self-capability? Null hypothesis: There is no significant positive correlation between lecturer’s science IQ score and students’ science self-ability. Results Output To test the study hypothesis, a bivariate Pearson Correlation test was performed as presented in Table-set 1.1 below. The analysis was performed using MS Excel, 2016 version. Table-set 1.1: Correlations (Teacher IQ scale and student’s science self-efficacy) SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.84 R Square 0.07 Adjusted R Square 0.06 Standard Error 0.07 Observations 56.00 ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1.00 962.2 962.215 43.345 3E-06 Residual 54.00 399.6 22.199 Total 55.00 1361.8 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept 7.78 0.0 5.540 0.000 5E+00 10.7 Scale of science lec IQ 0.02 0.0 6.584 0.000 1E-02 0.0 Results Interpretation The Pearson correlation results indicate a statistically significant and positive relationship between lecturer IQ score and their students’ science self-ability, r= 0.84, p=0.00. This shows that the P-value is smaller than the significance level used 0.5. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected. The study concludes that; there is a significant (strong) positive correlation between lecturer’s science IQ score and students’ science self-ability. The implication of the Study The study results imply that students with better aggregates in science self-efficacy must have been instructed by lecturers who have high levels of IQ (intelligence) in a science subject. What is more, the implication is that highly professional and brainy lecturers have required confidence, skills, experience, and competence to train students and make them understand so as to gain self-efficacy. The findings of this study resonate with Kunter et al., (2013) research, which advanced that professional competence of lecturers has an effect on the instructional quality and student development. References Salkind, N. J. (2013). Types of Correlation. In Statistics for people who (think they) hate statistics: Excel 2010 edition (p. 148-149). Kansas: SAGE Publications. Kunter, Mareike & Klusmann, Uta & Baumert, Jürgen & Richter. (2013). Professional Competence of Teachers: Effects on Instructional Quality and Student Development. Journal of Educational Psychology. 105. 805–820. 10.1037/a0032583.
Critical Care, 2003
The most commonly used techniques for investigating the relationship between two quantitative variables are correlation and linear regression. Correlation quantifies the strength of the linear relationship between a pair of variables, whereas regression expresses the relationship ...
The persistent poor performance of students in practical tests in chemistry has been blamed on poor choice of teaching methods and poor understanding of basic concepts in qualitative and quantitative analysis. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate the effects of guided-inquiry laboratory experiments on Senior Secondary School students' academic achievement in Volumetric Analysis. The design for the study was a pre-test post-test control group quasi-experimental design. The instrument used for data collection was Volumetric Analysis Achievement Test. The statistical tools used for data analysis in the study were means, t-test and Analysis of Covariance. The findings from the study showed that guided-inquiry laboratory experiments have significant effect on students offering chemistry' academic achievement than the traditional teaching method since it motivated the students and this was positively reflected in their chemistry mean achievement scores. The findings also revealed that gender has no significant effect on academic achievement of students exposed to Chemistry through guided-inquiry laboratory experiments. This showed that males and females benefited significantly from the instructional approaches; since it was student-activity oriented which made them engaged in in-depth critical thinking and process skills. The findings of this study imply that guided-inquiry laboratory experiments had much more effect on students' academic achievement than the traditional teaching method. Chemistry teachers should therefore incorporate it into the teaching-learning process since it developed students scientific and practical skills, motivated the students and fostered the spirit of competitiveness among them; and its effectiveness is not being limited by gender.
2010
ALI, ABDINUR MOHAMED. Comparison and Analysis of Pre-Service Teachers' Knowledge of Measures of Central Tendency and Measures of Dispersion for Both Normal Data and Non-Normal Data Using Multiple Representations. (Under the direction of Dr. Lee Stiff.) The purpose of this study was to investigate pre-service teachers' knowledge of measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion for both normal and non-normal data using tabular, numerical, and graphical representations. The participants of the study were 93 pre-service teachers at a southeastern university in the United States. Data of the study were collected using statistical questionnaires and analyzed using statistical analysis tools. The researcher found that, if we ignore the representation of the data, there is no significant difference between pre-service teachers' understanding of measures of central tendency and dispersion for either normal or non-normal data. However, the researcher also found that the representation of normal data can make a difference in preservice teachers' understanding of measures of central tendency and dispersion. It was also found that for tabular and graphical representations of non-normal data, pre-service teachers understood measures of central tendency better than measures of dispersion. The researcher also observed that for both normal and non-normal data, for both measures of central tendency and dispersion, pre-service teachers performed better when using tabular representations than when using the other two representations. With only one exception, for both normal and non-normal data, for both measures of central tendency and dispersion, pre-service teachers performed least well when using graphical representations.
The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the student mathematic connection by using the realistic of mathematic educational approach is better than conventional learning. This research used quasiexperimental design with two-group design, they were pretest-posttest. The sample of this study was taken from random class, that is taken 2 classes with total number 54 students. Class VII-1 as an experimental class which taught by using realistic mathematic approach that consists of 27 students, class VII-2 as control class which taught by using conventional learning that consists of 27 students. The instrument of this research used the essay test and observation. The result was analyzed by using t-test. After the learning is done, the data descriptions were collected on pres-test and post-test to determine students' mathematic connection ability during mathematic learning. The result showed that the ability of the students' mathematic connection by using the realistic of mathematic educational approach is better than conventional learning. Furthermore, based on the observation of student activity in the learning process by using the realistic of mathematic educational approach is very positive and they became more active than before.
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2018
Statistics is a branch of science that deals with the collection, organization, and analysis of data and drawing of inferences from the samples to the whole population. The subject Statistics is widely used in almost all fields like Biology, Botany, Commerce, Medicine, Education, Physics, Chemistry, Bio-Technology, Psychology, Zoology etc. While doing research in the above fields, the researchers should have some awareness in using the statistical tools which helps them in drawing rigorous and good conclusions. Major objectives of the present study was to know application of different statistical test in educational research, to identify basic statistical test used in educational research like t-test, z-test, ANOVA, MANOVA, ANCOVA, Chisquare test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Jonckheere test and Friedman test and to know the different statistical software used in educational research like Statistical Package for the ...
Revista Paranaense de Educação Matemática, 2023
The lesson study, originating in Japan at the end of the 19th century, characterizes an approach to professional development centered on the teacher's practice and focused on students' and teachers' learning. Considering the students' difficulties in mathematics, we focused on highlighting and discussing the statistical learning of 5th-grade students through a lesson study. This qualitative research was developed in a lesson study structured in eleven meetings involving teachers from a public school in Pinhalzinho, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The empirical material consists of transcriptions of recordings, class observation scripts, and student worksheets. The analysis of this material highlighted important aspects of statistical learning, which were grouped into central themes, thus constituting the research analysis categories, of which we will address in this article the category tabular representation and transcription of data into the graph. By discussing this category, we observed students' learning developed in the competencies in literacy, reasoning, and statistical thinking, as well as elements of the graph: axes, scale, titles, and source. The lesson study enabled the learning of statistical components and concepts and contributed to the teachers' professional development, minimizing possible lack of confidence and difficulties in this curriculum topic.
2020
The book titled ‘Descriptive Research Statistics in Education’ was written to meet the expectations of researchers, more particularly those engaged in descriptive research studies to serve as ‘take me home’ in their data presentation and analysis. The book is considered to be a very significant contribution to the body of knowledge; as it touches some areas that need serious attention when taking statistics with the aim of making accurate, valid and reliable generalization and conclusion of the research findings upon analysis thereof. The book addresses issues such as the definition of the term statistics, term and notation, its types, needs and issues in statistics, sources of data, classification of data, data collection methods and techniques, data presentation; by tabular and graphical method, measures of location, measures of partition, measures of spread, measures of association and measures of normality of a given distribution of data sets.
The present study is an attempt to identify the impact of using cooperative learning strategy on the achievement of students with Math Learning Disabilities. The authors selected two units in the second grade primary Mathematics book, then made an achievement test, whose reliability and validity were verified. Sampling consisted of (34) male and female students in Zarqa, Jordan. They were equally divided into two groups: control (8 male students and 9 female students) and experimental (8 male students and 9 female students). Pre and post achievement test was applied. Students of the experimental group were taught for nine weeks using cooperative learning strategy, while students of the control group were taught using traditional method. Results of T Test and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed no statistically significant differences at significance level of achievement test due to the experimental and control group's variable. This result supposes both groups' equivalence prior to application, there are no statistically significant differences between means of both groups on post-total scale due to gender, there are statistically significant differences between means of both groups in post achievement test due to (experimental and control) variable, and these differences were in favor of the experimental group.
Acta Scientiae
Teaching statistics in the early years requires that teachers at this school level develop skills to analyze small collections of data. Given a collection of quantitative data (12 observations), in this paper we looked at how students and prospective primary school teachers select and make appropriate graphs and identify and determine statistical measures suitable for summarizing the data, including the interpretation of the third quartile. The study involved 50 students who were attending the 2nd year of the Basic Education Bachelor’s program at a university in northern Portugal. The collected data correspond to the answers given by the students in a formal examination in a Probability and Statistics course. An analysis of the answers showed that the students had difficulties in both the selection and application of statistical methods, which were more pronounced when they had to identify the appropriate graphs to represent the data and to determine the quartiles and to interpret t...
Background. Fexibility is most important component of movement. It is higher in children as compared to adults. But there is difference between girls and boy Objective. To find out the prevalence and magnitude of relationship between Sit and Reach Test (SRT) & Hip Joint Angle (HJA) measurements and effect of gender on SRT & HJA among school going children. Study design. Cross-sectional study and correlation design. Methods. 140 (70 girls and 70 boys) children, girls mean age 9.5±1.8 yrs and boys 9.614±1.94 years old, were divided into two groups: girls (n = 70) & boys (n = 70). Hamstrings flexibility was measured using Sit and Reach Test (SRT) and Hip Joint Angle (HJA) measured using an inclinometer. Data analysis. Correlation between SRT & HJA was measured using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (r) and significance of difference between girls group and boys group was measured using t-test via SPSS (21st version). Significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results. There was highly significant positive correlation between SRT & HJA in the whole sample. There was even higher significant positive correlation between SRT & HJA among the girls (r = 0.604 at p≤0.05) but weak positive among the boys (r = 0.277 at p≤0.05). On analysis of SRT & HJA scores among the girls versus boys the difference in the SRT scores (t=7.281 at p≤0.0001) were highly significant but HJA scores were less significant (t=2.966 at p≤0.0001). Conclusion. Results of present study indicate that both SRT & HJA can reflect hamstring muscle length but relatively more effective in assessing girls than boys. Cuvinte cheie: ischiogambieri, testul Sit & Reach, unghiul articulației șoldului Rezumat Introducere. Fexibilitatea este una dintre cele mai importante componente ale mișcării. Este mai mare la copii comparativ cu adulții. Dar sunt diferențe între băieți și fete. Obiective. Stabilirea prevalenței și magnitudinii relației dintre testul Sit and Reach (TSR) & unghiul șoldului (US) și efectul vârstei asupra TSR & US la școlari. Design-ul studiului. Design cros-secțional și de corelație. Metodă. 140 (70 fete și 70 băieți) de copii, media de vârstă a fetelor de 9.5±1.8 ani și a băieților de 9.614±1.94 ani, au fost împărțiți în două grupuri: fete (n = 70) & băieți (n = 70). Flexibilitatea ischiogambierilor s-a măsurat folosind testul Sit and Reach (TSR) și unghiul șoldului (US). Analiza datelor. Corelația dintre TSR & US s-a măsurat folosind coeficientul de corelație Pearson (r) iar pentru semnificația diferenței dintre grupul de fete și băieți s-a folosit t-testul, cu ajutorul SPSS (versiunea 21). Nivelul de semnificație a fost ≤ 0.05. Rezultate. Există o corelație puternic pozitivă între TSR & US. Există o și mai mare corelație semnificativă între TRT & US la fete (r = 0.604 at p≤0.05) și o corelație pozitivă slabă la băieți (r = 0.277 at p≤0.05). La analiza scorurilor TRT & US la fete versus băieți, diferența la scorul TSR (t=7.281 at p≤0.0001) a fost puternic semnificativă dar scorurile US au fost mai puțin semnificative (t=2.966 at p≤0.0001). Concluzii. Rezultatele acestui studiu indică faptul că TRT & US reflectă lungimea mușchiului dar sunt relativ eficiente în evaluarea la fete versus băieți.
This study aims to determine the effect of the approach and Conventional approach and initial ability of students to the problem solving ability of students of Elementary School. This research was conducted in the fourth grade Elementary School 07 Metro City. The study is designed using analysis of variance 2 lanes. The results of this study were (1) the difference in mathematical problem solving abilities of elementary school students who learn to use the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach among students who studied using conventional approach.
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