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Di Meo - Il populismo contemporaneo tra dogmatismo e scetticismo

2024, Il populismo contemporaneo, le sue attinenze con la filosofia politica tra dogmatismo e scetticismo ed i suoi limiti teleologici di azione

Abstract

The aim of this essay is to analyze the debate on ‘direct democracy’ that has arisen from the rise of populist movements, which place the concept of ‘sovereignty of the people’ at the basis of their political initiatives; the article will analyze the development of the idea of ‘electoral expression’ by examining some fundamental aspects in the history of political thought, from the Greek concept of stasis that constituted a “negative pole”-the expression of the vote was seen as a fracture of the unity of the polis, examined by Nicole Loraux and more recently by Giorgio Agamben-to the utopian socio-political considerations of the contractualisms of the modern age, aimed at the creation of an “ideal society,” which analyzed the positive state in light of considerations typical of moral philosophy (the constitution of a society based on law and at the same time “just”), contrasted with theories of the State of Nature, partially configured on the basis of travel reports compiled in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries concerning non-European communities. Finally, the concept of the “will of the people” theorized by Pufendorf and Rousseau will be analyzed, which based on the view of the expression of a unanimous vote effectively ruled out the existence of political minorities, leading to Tocqueville and Maistre's considerations of the “real sovereignty of the people”.