Improvement of LEACH for Fault-Tolerance in Sensor Networks

Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience

The technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is in constant development and it made great progress in many applications. One of the most popular problems in WSNs is the limited energy storage power at every sensor node. This paper aims to propose and develop a new distributed clustering algorithm for energy harvesting wireless sensor networks denoted by DEH-WSN (Energy Harvesting for Distributed Clustering Wireless Sensor Networks Protocol) that relies on matching between clustering and energy harvesting in a distributed topology. DEH-WSN uses initial and residual energy capacity of the nodes to choose cluster heads. Simulation results prove that the proposed method increases network lifetime and the effective throughput.

GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2009

Energy efficiency in the clustering protocols in highly desired in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The Dynamic Static Clustering (DSC) protocol is an energy efficient clustering protocol; however, it does not provide any fault tolerance mechanism. Moreover, the non-Cluster Head nodes send data to the Cluster Heads (CH) in every time slot of a frame allocated to them using TDMA scheme, which is an energy consuming process. Considering these limitations of the DSC protocol, we have proposed a more energy efficient and fault tolerant Dynamic Static Clustering (FT-DSC) protocol of WSN to enhance the performance of DSC. The performance of the proposal protocol has been tested by means of simulation and compared against the original DSC protocol. Simulation results show that the FT-DSC protocol has better performance than the DSC protocol in terms of energy efficiency and reliability.

2019

The problem of energy consumption in WSNs has become a very important axis of research. Hierarchical-based routing protocols have greatly contributed to the network scalability, lifetime and minimum energy consumption. In this work, we propose a novel hierarchical bio-inspired hybrid routing protocol based on cuckoo search (CS) algorithm and simulated annealing (SA) HRP-CSSA. Our proposed protocol takes the advantages of SA which avoid trapped in local minima, as well as properties of CS algorithm. The performance of the novel protocol is compared with the well known cluster-based protocol LEACH-C and ECSBCP protocol. Experimental results show that HRP-CSSA has the best performance in almost all metrics especially in terms of energy consumption.

2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2011

Designing energy efficient and reliable routing protocols for mobility centric Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications such as wildlife monitoring, battlefield surveillance and health monitoring is a great challenge due to the frequent change of the network topology. Existing cluster-based routing protocols such for LEACH-Mobile, LEACH-Mobile-Enhanced, and CBR-Mobile that are designed for mobile sensor network consider only the energy efficiency of sensor nodes. Moreover, these protocols allocate extra timeslots using TDMA scheme to accommodate nodes that enter a cluster due to mobility and thus, increase the end-to-end data transmission delay. In this paper, we propose a Fault Tolerant Clustering Protocol for Mobile WSN (FTCP-MWSN) that is not only energy efficient but also reliable. Moreover, FTCP-MWSN does not require any extra timeslot for calculating the mobility of sensor nodes and thus, provides faster data delivery to base station (BS). Simulation results show the FTCP-MWSN protocol has more network lifetime and reliability than the existing LEACH-Mobile and LEACH-Mobile-Enhanced protocols.

IAEME PUBLICATION, 2020

Energy consumption of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an extremely basic issue. Sensor nodes are typically control compelled, have constrained calculation and memory assets. Clustering is one mechanism to design energy efficient sensor network routing protocols. The clustering approach groups the network into sets of sensor nodes and a cluster head (CH) is decided for each centering cluster. The members from the cluster can't send data straightforwardly to base station (BS), these members send data to the CH and CH advances it to BS. In this strategy, CHs closer to the base station are loaded with substantial transfer movement and have a tendency to wind up latent before time. This leaves the system territories revealed and causes the hotspot problem. With a specific aim to keep the system from hotspot problem, unequal clustering and routing protocol is proposed for load adjusting between the CHs based on mutation chemical reaction optimization algorithm which is named as MCROUCRP. This protocol results in productive cluster head determination, unequal cluster arrangement and energy efficient data delivery to BS over multihop routing. The MCRO-UCRP is simulated in NS2.35 simulator over different WSN scenarios by changing number of sensors and CHs. The results of proposed protocol is better, contrasted with existing protocols as far as different network performance measurement

In this paper author aims at describing a wireless sensor network. wireless sensor network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensor to monitor physical or environmental conditions. Wireless sensor network can be used in wide range of applications including environmental monitoring, habitat monitoring, various military applications, smart home technologiesand agriculture. Wireless sensor networks constitute one of promising application areas of the recently developed wireless sensor networking techniques. Various clustering Schemes have been discussed and employed in both homogenous and heterogeneous wireless sensor network.

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) deploy many nodes over an extended area for traffic surveillance, environmental monitoring, healthcare, tracking wildlife, and military sensing. Nodes of the WSN have a limited amount of energy. Each sensor node collects information from the surrounding area and forwards it onto the cluster head, which then sends it on to the base station (BS). WSNs extend the lifetime of the network through clustering techniques. Choosing nodes with the greatest residual energy as cluster heads is based on the idea that energy consumption is periodically distributed between nodes. The sink node gathers information from its environment that is then transmitted to the base station. The clustering protocol uses a considerably amount of energy for data collection and transmission, with additional energy used for listening to the nodes. It also contributes to channel sensing and avoiding collisions alongside energy transmission. Most clustering techniques do not consider cluster fails, because of which detection through cluster heads or the BS is not possible. Terminated nodes and sub-cluster heads thus continue to transmit information to the failed sub-cluster head, which leads to higher energy consumption. In light of this, we propose a technique to choose cluster heads while reducing the use of CSMA/CA through fault tolerance to determine the failure of the cluster heads by consuming little energy. This work here contributes to increasing the life of the WSN and conserving its energy by more than a half-sensor node per round.

IASET, 2013

Encryption schemes that support operations over ciphertext are of utmost importance for wireless sensor networks & especially in LEACH protocol. The salient limit of LEACH is energy. Due to this limitation, it seems important to design a confidentiality scheme for WSN so that sensing data can be transmitted to the receiver securely and efficiently and at the same time energy consumed must be minimum. Hence we proposed LEACH_HE in which confidentiality scheme i.e. homomorphic encryption is added to LEACH protocol. In homomorphic encryption data can be aggregated algebraically without decryption and hence less energy consumption. Simulation results are obtained in terms of three metrics- total energy consumed, amount of data transmitted and number of nodes alive. It is observed that the performance of LEACH_HE is somewhat similar to LEACH.

Journal of Applied and Emerging Sciences, 2016

Wireless Sensor Networks utilize their energy resources for data sensing, processing and communication purposes. Sensor nodes have limited energy resources due to small size and are usually deployed in large quantity at remote locations. Such situations limit the frequent access of human to small sensor nodes. Therefore recharging and replacing batteries of sensors is difficult. For this reason researchers have invested their inclination to design intelligent routing protocols that may efficiently manage energy resources to extend network lifetime. This paper presents a review of the state of art routing protocols of WSNs. It first explains optimization goals which may be considered while designing WSNs routing protocols followed by a detailed survey of different routing techniques. Finally it concludes by suggesting some directions for future research work in the field of WSNs.

2018

A wireless sensor network is made up of a large number of sensor nodes deployed on a wide field and it has limited battery lifetime which gets depleted at a faster rate, when heavy data traffic occurs. Most recent researches focused that, clustering the group of nodes is a better strategy for enhancing the lifetime of the sensors and also clustering organizes the network by balancing the traffic load of the sensor nodes. Inspired by the benefits of clustering approach, Event Based Routing Protocol (EBRP) was proposed. The proposed protocol involves three procedures. First procedure refers to a cluster head selection, which appoints cluster head based upon residual energy which is near to the sink node. The residual nodes in the network are to be designated as cluster head at the successive rounds. This process helps to balance the load evenly in the network. Second phase refers to an Event sensing procedure, which appoints a set of active nodes for close sensing an event and to prov...