The Unification of Gravitation and Electromagnetism

Using four equations, a recently proposed classical field theory that geometrically couples electromagnetism to gravitation in a fundamentally new way is reviewed. Maxwell’s field equations are a consequence of the new theory as are Einstein’s field equations augmented by a term that can replicate both dark matter and dark energy. To emphasize the unification brought to electromagnetic and gravitational phenomena by the new theory specific solutions are investigated: a spherically-symmetric charged particle solution, a cosmological solution representing a homogeneous and isotropic universe, and solutions representing electromagnetic and gravitational waves. A unique feature of the new theory is that both charge and mass density are treated as dynamic fields, this as opposed to their treatment in the classical Maxwell and Einstein field equations where they are introduced as external entities. This feature suggests a procedure for quantizing the mass, charge and angular m...

2013

Unification of gravity and electromagnetism based on a theory with an affine non-symmetric connection $\Gamma^\lambda_{\mu\nu} \neq \Gamma^\lambda_{\nu\mu}$ and $\Gamma_\mu = \Gamma^\lambda_{[\mu\lambda]}\neq 0$, proposed by S. N. Bose in 1953, is revisited in the context of modern developments in high energy physics. It is shown that electrogravity unification can be achieved at a {\em premetric} stage, and that this unification based on {\em projective invariance} is broken by matter fields, opening up the possibility of a unified theory of all forces in which gravity emerges as a classical field. The theory predicts $\alpha_{sym} = \frac{1}{9}$ in the projective invariant limit, where $\alpha$ is the fine structure constant

The phenomenological consequences of unification of Einstein gravity and electromagnetism in an early phase of a Machian universe with a very small and uniform electrical charge density ρ q are explored. A form of the Strong Equivalence Principle for unified electrogravity is first formulated, and it immediately leads to (i) the empirical Schuster-Blackett law relating the magnetic moments and angular momenta of neutral astronomical bodies, (ii) an analogous relation between the linear acceleration of neutral massive bodies and associated electric fields, (iii) gravitational lensing in excess of Einstein gravity, and, with the additional assumption of scaling, to (iv) the Wesson relation between the angular momentum and the square of the mass of astronomical bodies. Incorporation of Sciama's version of Mach's principle leads to a new post-Newtonian dynamics (in the weak field limit of gravity alone without electromagnetism) that predicts flat rotation curves of galaxies without the need of dark matter haloes. Finally, it is shown that the unified theory with a broken symmetry predicts a flat expanding universe with a cosmological term intimately related to electrogravity unification, and can explain WMAP data accurately with a single free parameter. WMAP data require ρ q = 6.1 × 10 −43 C/cc which is too small to be detected at present.

arXiv (Cornell University), 2016

It is first argued that radiation by a uniformly accelerated charge in flat space-time indicates the need for a unified geometric theory of gravity and electromagnetism. Such a theory, based on a metric-affine U 4 manifold, is constructed with the torsion pseudo-vector Γ µ linking gravity and electromagnetism. This conceptually simple extension results in (i) Einstein's equations being modified by a vacuum energy Γ µ Γ ν and a scalar field Γ = Γ µ Γ µ whose zero-mode is a cosmological constant Λ representing 'dark energy', (ii) most of the salient features of 'dark matter'-like phenomena, (iii) a modified electrodynamics satisfying Heaviside duality, (iv) a finite and small Casimir Effect, and at the same time, (v) the empirical Schuster-Blackett-Wilson relation for the amazingly universal gyromagnetic ratio of slowly rotating, neutral astrophysical bodies.

This article considers the processes of radiation and movement under the action of gravitational and electromagnetic forces. We find close links between these phenomena. We construct a mathematical model of radiation. Based on this model we build a unified theory of gravitation and electromagnetism. This theory explains such phenomena as the redshift, openness of the orbit of Mercury, the results of observations of double stars, the Michelson experiment, etc.

Tour 22-12 4 ème étage -Boîte 142 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05

2020

According to the general theory of relativity, masses cause a distortion of the space-time structure around them. Any other mass that comes closer will experience the warping of space-time, and this appears to us as an attractive force between two masses. We will reason that this view is the wrong side of the coin. By turning over that same coin, another possibility appears that has a much stronger argument and brings out the true nature of gravitation. In that search, a number of fixed assumptions were reviewed and there, too, surprising new insights emerged. Through a number of intermediate steps - defining the nature of space, the energy density of empty space, the energy structure of the vacuum - it was possible to determine the true nature of magnetism and spin of the elementary particles. It was a stepping stone towards the true nature of gravity where tension in space due to a diluted energetic field is the cornerstone of this enigmatic force, completely contradicting Einstei...

Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism “I unified Electromagnetism and Gravity with Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f ” Adrian Ferent “The perturbation done by a photon in a gravitational field is equal with one graviton” Adrian Ferent “Ferent wave equation of the graviton: Ψ – the wave function of the graviton” Adrian Ferent “The Photon – Graviton pair has the same speed and frequency, and the photon energy divided by the graviton energy is the electromagnetic energy divided by the gravitational energy, the electromagnetic force divided by the gravitational force” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f ” Adrian Ferent “Einstein in his theory of general relativity did not explain gravity, he calculated gravity” Adrian Ferent “The perturbation done by a photon in the gravitational field in Ferent quantum gravity theory means: the photon emits a graviton” Adrian Ferent “The graviton frequency emitted by a photon is f, the photon frequency” Adrian Ferent I replaced Planck equation E = h × f with the a new equation for the energy of a photon: E = h × f + a × f Theory of general relativity is the most successful theory of gravity. Einstein’s idea is that gravity is not an ordinary force, but rather a property of space-time geometry. In the last 100 years famous physicists including Einstein himself, have tried and failed to unify general relativity and quantum theory. Einstein’s theory of general relativity is wrong because Einstein's equivalence principle is wrong. Einstein's equivalence principle is wrong because the gravitational force experienced locally is caused by a negative energy, gravity energy and the force experienced by an observer in a non-inertial (accelerated) frame of reference is caused by a positive energy. When they tried to unify Einstein’s theory of general relativity, a wrong theory, with electromagnetism the scientists discovered wrong theories like String theory, LQG… In Ferent gravitation theory gravity is reformulated using quantum theory, using gravitons. “Einstein in his theory of general relativity did not explain gravity, he calculated gravity” Adrian Ferent ToE is the Theory of Everything, the ultimate theory, the final theory links together all physical aspects of the universe and is the major unsolved problem in physics. The four fundamental forces: the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force are the four fundamental forces. In my gravity theory the gravitational force is mediated by a massless particle called graviton. All quantum gravity theories like String theory, LQG… are wrong theories because are limited to speed of light. “The perturbation done by a photon in a gravitational field is equal with one graviton” Adrian Ferent How big is the perturbation done by a photon in a gravitational field? It is the electromagnetic force divided by gravitational force, it is the photon energy divided by graviton energy. I found the Ferent wall beyond the Planck wall, with a length smaller than Planck length. “The Photon – Graviton pair has the same speed and frequency, and the photon energy divided by the graviton energy is the electromagnetic energy divided by the gravitational energy, the electromagnetic force divided by the gravitational force” Adrian Ferent Planck discovered that physical action could not take on any indiscriminate value. Instead, the action must be some multiple of a very small quantity called Planck constant. The energy E contained in a photon, which represents the smallest possible 'packet' of energy in an electromagnetic wave, is Planck’s constant times the photon frequency: E = Planck’s constant × frequency. E = h × f Planck equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f is incorrect because does not contains the energy of the graviton, because light has gravitation! My equation for the energy of a photon: E = h × f + a × f The oscillation of an electron emits, radiates to space a photon and a coupled graviton, with the same speed, the speed of light and the same frequency. The magnetic force always acts at right angles to the motion of a charge, it can only turn the charge, it cannot do work on the charge. The strength s, of the electromagnetic force relative to gravity force: s = 4.166 × 1042 How big is the perturbation done by a photon in a gravitational field? It is the graviton energy: a × f We have s = h / a “The perturbation done by a photon in the gravitational field is a graviton with the energy: a × f” Adrian Ferent “Ferent wave equation of the graviton: Ψ – the wave function of the graviton” Adrian Ferent The energy of a photon: E = h × f + a × f This new equation of the photon represents the unification of Electromagnetism and Gravity. “Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f ” Adrian Ferent “I unified Electromagnetism and Gravity with Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f ” Adrian Ferent Graviton’s frequency emitted by a photon What means the perturbation done by a photon in the gravitational field? In my quantum gravity theory this means that photons emit gravitons! “The perturbation done by a photon in the gravitational field in Ferent quantum gravity theory means: the photon emits a graviton” Adrian Ferent Graviton’s energy emitted by a photon is a × f . This means the graviton frequency emitted by a photon is f, the photon frequency. “The graviton frequency emitted by a photon is f, the photon frequency” Adrian Ferent 83. I am the first who unified Electromagnetism and Gravity with Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f 84. I am the first who discovered that the perturbation done by a photon in a gravitational field is equal with one graviton 85. I am the first who explained that Einstein in his theory of general relativity did not explain gravity, he calculated gravity 86. I am the first who discovered that the Photon – Graviton pair has the same speed and frequency, and the photon energy divided by the graviton energy is the electromagnetic energy divided by the gravitational energy, the electromagnetic force divided by the gravitational force 87. I am the first who discovered that the perturbation done by a photon in the gravitational field in Ferent quantum gravity theory means: the photon emits a graviton 88. I am the first who discovered that the graviton frequency emitted by a photon is f, the photon frequency

2010

Classical gravitation is so similar to the electrostatic that the possible unification has been investigated for many years. Although electromagnetism is formulated now successfully by quantum field theory, this paper proposes a simple approach to describe the electromagnetism from the macroscopic perspective of general relativity. The hypothesis is based on two charged particles that cause disturbance energy sufficient to disrupt the space-time and explain approximately Maxwell's equations. Therefore, with such this simple idea, we suggest the possibility that the geometric relationship between electromagnetism and gravitation is not yet fully exhausted.

Using different viewpoints on mass, volume, and spacetime, we may associate well-known theories such as Le Sage, Higgs, and General Relativity, to go further in our understanding of the basic phenomena of modern physics. Such an association solves the three basic enigmas of General Relativity: "How does mass curve spacetime?" "What is the origin of mass (in accordance with the Higgs Theory)?" and "What is the mechanism behind the force of gravitation?". This paper does not intend to cast doubt on or undermine Higgs or General Relativity, but it goes further by taking different viewpoints. This article opens the way to many applications of modern physics, and may solve several enigmas of Astrophysics, such as "why is the mass of a black hole proportional to its radius instead of its volume?". New calculations of the Newton's third Law and Schwarzschild Metric, grounded on this viewpoint, are provided.