Criminal Policy On The Problems Of Narcotics Abuse

Research into the relationship between drug use and crime has generated a substantial body of literature. While these efforts have not established a causal link between the two behaviors, they do confirm a high correlation between drug use and many types of criminal behavior in a) the general population, b) populations of drug users, and c) arrested populations. The literature also shows that the drugs-crime relationship occurs within the framework of societal policies toward drug use that have ranged from regulated commercial approaches to strict prohibition. There is considerable debate about the strength and continuity of the relationship between drug use and crime. It is suggested that research focusing on the relationship would benefit from the application of theoretical models such as Ecosystems Theory and/or Social Capital. These models may help sort out the nature and complexity of the relationship as well as suggest more appropriate interventions. A review of programmatic approaches that have been used to break the drugs-crime relationship is presented that suggests the most successful approaches include a comprehensive range of services from assessment, implementation of services to meet assessed needs, and aftercare within the framework of graduated sanctions and comprehensive case management. In order to further examine the drugscrime relationship, it is suggested that future research should use an interdisciplinary approach to evaluate the differential impact of state policies as well as and examine the effectiveness of specific treatment program elements. Future Directions in Drugs and Crime 2 The Drugs-Crime Wars: Past, Present and Future Directions in Theory, Policy and Program Interventions

UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum

Narcotics are substances or drugs that can cause a decrease or change of consciousness, loss of pain and can cause dependence. The dangerous potential of narcotics then becomes the reason of the issuance of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of prison sentences in guiding narcotics addicts and to identify alternative sanctions, other than prison sentences, which are more effective in guiding narcotics addicts. This study applied a normative juridical method. The results revealed that narcotics addicts or narcotics abusers have special characteristics because their status as both offenders and victims. Until now, the sanctions that are commonly sentenced to narcotics addicts by judges are prison sentences. This sanction is given in the hope that narcotics addicts could recover from their addictions while in prison. Yet, the lack of facilities and experts at the correctional institution cause many problems, ranging from prisonization ...

Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy, 2012

How professionals and societies deal with drugs and drug consumption is premised on how abuse is defined. The ''War on Drugs'' approach promotes the belief that ''any use is abuse'' where the currently illicit drugs are concerned. Regrettably, any distinction between use and abuse has been notably absent from most public policy decisions on drug issues. Even a cursory review of both supply and demand reduction policies of the past century reveals a startling lack of awareness of this distinction. The failure of differentiation undermines prevention, treatment, and the criminal justice system. Treatment, thus, tends to show a bias toward ineffective models such as ''boot camps'' and ''tough love''. It has contributed to controversy over maintenance treatments, such as methadone, buprenorphine, and heroin, which have proven to be highly effective for some addicted persons. It leads to treatment options for the addictions being far more limited and constrained than is typical in other areas of health care. Admittedly, studying non-problematic drug use has been a challenge, but clearly the use of illegal drugs is often not harmful, any more than is moderate alcohol use. Addiction is a fatal disease for some and that disease should be the focus of our policies.

Jurnal Scientia Indonesia

As though a double-edged knife, on the one hand, Narcotics can be a panacea for various critical illnesses, but on the other hand, Narcotics can destroy all joints and organs of the human body. Both sides are very much determined by who the narcotics are used for. As one type of Narcotics, Drugs are the type most abused. However, the problems arising from drugs are in fact not only about abuse. Drug abuse is then used as a momentum to form an organized business sector with a structured and systematic sales mechanism. Of course, this is what makes drug abuse categorized as an extraordinary crime that requires extraordinary handling as well. This research will reveal various types of drug abuse as well as national and international efforts and efforts in fighting drug crimes. This research uses qualitative research methods with a literature approach. The data obtained comes from several regulations, such as Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and several other regulations and p...

Addiction, 1990

To foster comparison of policy interventions across the various categories of licit and illicit drugs, we develop a typology of policies intended to address drug abuse problems. The principal dimensions of the typology are policy type and intervention channel. While the typology has important limitations, as a mechanism to organize information and stimulate thought it holds the potential to improve understanding of commonalities and distinctions among policies applying to widely discrepant drug problems, both within and across cultures. As such, it could contribute to the development of more effective approaches to grappling with a diverse set of drug policy issues.

2020

Placing users and abusers of narcotics and psychotropics into rehabilitation institutions through judges’ decision is an alternative of proper criminal sanction in the law enforcement toward narcotics abusers and preventing narcotics illegal circulations. Compared with sending criminals into the jail, criminal sanctions through rehabilitation are done by giving medical and social rehabilitation. Based on the results of the discussion it can be said: First, An addict and or narcotics abusers and or victim of narcotic abuse cannot abort the criminal act of narcotics abuse that has been done athough the one is attending are has attended rehabilitation program (the article one hundred three) to Act Number 35 of 2009 about Narcotics. Second, Rehabilitation as a non penal mediation in criminal law policy doesnot have to be a phsyical punishment. A rehabilitation program that is attended by an addict and or victim of narcotics abuse doesnot stop that one from the criminal act that he has d...

Journal of Drug Issues, 1982

Addiction, 2010

Drug Policy and the Public Good was written by an international group of scientists from the fields of addiction, public health, criminology and policy studies to improve the linkages between drug research and drug policy. The book provides a conceptual basis for evidence-informed drug policy and describes epidemiological data on the global dimensions of drug misuse. The core of the book is a critical review of the cumulative scientific evidence in five general areas of drug policy: primary prevention programmes in schools and other settings; health and social services for drug users; attempts to control the supply of drugs, including the international treaty system; law enforcement and ventures into decriminalization; and control of the psychotropic substance market through prescription drug regimes. The final chapters discuss the current state of drug policies in different parts of the world and describe the need for future approaches to drug policy that are coordinated and informed by evidence.

2018

The criminal justice system's response to the opioid crisis exacerbates risks faced by people using drugs and is harmful to public health. Through a literature review, caselaw analysis, and key-informant interviews in the Greater Vancouver area, this thesis analyzes elements of the criminal justice system's response to the opioid crisis and provides recommendations to reduce harms experienced by people who use drugs and to promote community health and safety. An analysis of the British Columbia fentanyl trafficking sentencing decisions reveals that courts are emphasizing the need for enhanced deterrence as a response to the fentanyl crisis. In the street-level trafficking cases examined, 12 of the 14 people were motivated to traffic in order to support their own addiction. Interviews with 11 people including defence counsel, probation officers, and public interest lawyers and advocates, revealed challenges of working in the criminal justice system during the opioid crisis. A...

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2000

The focus of this article is criminal drug users and their changing behavior. Two important considerations are addressed within this topic. First, an overview of drug use is given, including a brief historical perspective on its treatment as well as its implications on crime. The article also discusses why substance abuse treatment in the criminal population is necessary and on what scale. Specifically, the etiology of the relationship between crime, violence and substance abuse is explored. It then delves into what has worked and what hasn't. Finally, recommendations are made regarding where the research indicates we should go from here.