Secure Sharing of Medical Images using Watermarking Technique

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2017

In this paper, we present a new method for medical images security dedicated to m-Health based on a combination between a novel semi reversible watermarking approach robust to JPEG compression, a new proposed fragile watermarking and a new proposed encryption algorithm. The purpose of the combination of these three proposed algorithms (encryption, robust and fragile watermarking) is to ensure the full protection of medical image, its information and its report in terms of confidentiality and reliability (authentication and integrity). A hardware implementation to evaluate our system is done using the Texas instrument C6416 DSK card by converting m-files to C/C++ using MATLAB coder. Our m-health security system is then run on the android platform. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve high security with good performance.

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2014

Security is the fundamental requirement for an information society in the distributed network environment. A watermark is a secret message that is embedded into a cover message. Digital watermarks are used to verify the authenticity of the carrier signal for the identity of the owners. In order to provide data integrity, confidentiality and authentication various techniques are available like cryptography, steganography and watermarking. To protect the patient information in telemedicine, watermarking is mainly used. Patient information is embedded within the cover medical image. Digital Imaging & Communications in Medicine is an universal standard of communication for secured medical images. In the proposed technique, to provide authentication the hash value will be generated using SHA and the Huffman compression algorithm(R-S vector) will be used to shrink the size of an image. With the patient information the medical image is protected through Public key cryptography in a secure manner. Compared to the previous system, the proposed technique is more efficient. The original image is completely restored without any loss at the receiver side. The patient information is hidden (protected) from the hackers during transmission.

International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing, 2014

In this paper a new type of information hiding skill in biomedical images is proposed through a combination of cryptography and digital watermarking to achieve the enhancement in confidential and authenticated data storage and secured transmission. Here patient's name and doctor's name are considered as patient's information which is encrypted using cryptography and embedded in the scan image of that patient through watermarking. RSA algorithm is used for encryption and higher order bit LSB replacement technique is used for embedding the information. The private keys are also embedded in the cover image to have better security and accurate recovery of the hidden information. The outcome of the proposed methodology shows that the hidden information doesn't affect the cover image and it can be recovered efficiently even from several noisy images. The strength of the proposed embedding scheme is also supported by several image quality matrices.

TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control, 2019

Advances in imaging technology have made medical images become one of the important sources for information in supporting accurate diagnoses and treatment decisions by doctors for their patients. However, the vulnerability of medical images' security is high. The images can be easily 'attacked', which altered their information that can lead to incorrect diagnoses or treatment. In order to make the images less vulnerable from outside attacks, this study proposes to secure them by advancing the watermarking using dual-layer fragile technique. It is expected that this dual-layer fragile watermarking will guarantee the integrity, authenticity, and confidentiality of patient's and any other important information and also the pixel data of the medical images. The work in this study implements two LSBs of image where the role of the first LSB is as a tamper detector, and the second LSB is used to store patient's and any other important information. Medical images of four deadliest diseases in Indonesia were used to test the proposed watermarking technique. Results from the conducted tests show that the proposed technique able to generate a watermarked image that has no noticeable changes compared to its original image, with PSNR value more than 44 dB and SSIM value of almost 1, where the tamper detector can correctly detect and localize any tampering on the watermarked image. Furthermore, the proposed technique has shown to have a higher level of security on medical images, compared to DICOM standard and standard watermarking method.

Telemedicine has increased the number of ways in which healthcare can be delivered across places and countries instead of requiring the provider and the recipient to be present in the same place. One application of telemedicine is the exchange of medical images between remotely located healthcare entities. However, a maj or obstacle telemedicine faces is providing confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity to transmitted medical images. In this paper, we propose a hybrid algorithm which combines encryption and digital watermarking techniques in order to provide the required authenticity and integrity services. A cryptographic watermark and the patient's data are hidden in the cover image before being transmitted over vulnerable public networks. On the receiver's side, the watermarked image is handled by the extraction procedure in order to extract the cryptographic watermarks and the embedded medical data. The proposed algorithm was tested and evaluated using medical images of two different modalities. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Medical images require special safety and confidentiality because critical judgment is done on the information provided by medical images. Transmission of medical image via internet or mobile phones demands strong security and copyright protection in telemedicine applications. Here, highly secured and robust watermarking technique is proposed for transmission of image data via internet and mobile phones. The Region of Interest (ROI) and Non Region of Interest (RONI) of medical image are separated. Only RONI is used for watermark embedding. This technique results in exact recovery of watermark with standard medical database images of size 512x512, giving 'correlation factor' equals to 1. The correlation factor for different attacks like noise addition, filtering, rotation and compression ranges from 0.90 to 0.95. The PSNR with weighting factor 0.02 is up to 48.53 dBs. The presented scheme is non blind and embeds hospital logo of 64x64 size.

2017 40th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP)

This paper presents a highly secured new image watermarking scheme using two secret keys to prevent unauthorized access of information stored in cloud environment. The proposed scheme is applied for secure medical information transmission or its cloud storage. The scheme is implemented in two steps. In first step, randomization of patient information is done based on a password secret key before embedding it into the cover medical image. Second step is to hide the watermarked image into a secret key image before cloud storage so that even if the stored image is hacked or leaked, the cover medical image along with embedded patient information cannot be retrieved by the hacker. In this paper we have proposed a novel watermarking algorithm for medical images by randomizing the information according to the secret password key and then embedding it into the cover medical image followed by embedding of cover image into another secret key image. The proposed scheme aims to protect sensitive information transfer and cloud storage from unauthorized access. Extraction of the embedded information at the receiver end is done in two steps. Firstly, non-blind detection is carried out in which cover medical image is extracted with help of secret key image. In the second step, binary image watermark is extracted by analyzing the DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) coefficient values. Performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed by varying the quality factor of JPEG compression and sub-band decomposition levels.

ICTACT JOURNAL ON IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING

Large amount of medical information of patients to be maintained in online, hence more uploading is needed, which may reflects the problem in amount of time and privacy of information. This can be solved by watermarking which provide privacy and cryptography provides security. The proposed algorithm provides a single system of cryptographic watermarking method. Initially the patient information is encrypted using the symmetric key and then while hiding, the key will be extracted to retain the quality of the medical image after copyright extraction. During authentication the embedded information is extracted and decrypted. Further, the decrypted information is compared with the patient information. Finally, the extracted key is used to recover the medical image.The algorithm gives high payload capacity, less computational complexity, privacy of the patient and good reversible quality.

Engineering and Scientific International Journal, 2019

Medical Imaging has remoulded the Healthcare system. It has become a vital tool for rapid diagnosis with visualisation of the interior of the body. Telemedicine is that the remote delivery of healthcare services over the telecommunication infrastructure. This paper aims at providing security to the medical images transmitted over public networks. It addresses the following traits of Medical Image Security namely: Confidentiality, Patient's control, Data Integrity and Consent Exception .The objective of the paper roots on providing theoretical ideas by combining Watermarking schemes with Cryptography techniques for developing enhanced security algorithms for transaction of medical images. The various parameters used for the measurement of the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms such as Entropy, Number of Pixel Change Rate, Unified Average Change in Intensity, Correlation Coefficient, Mean Squared Error and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio are discussed. This paper provides a road map in constructing new algorithm by combining cryptography and watermarking technique for secure transaction of medical.

Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Trends in Machine Learning, IoT, Smart Cities and Applications, 2020

The development in the field of networking technologies and telecommunications has increased the popularity of telemedicine usage. In medical diagnosis, many processes have been proposed by researchers for securing patients' records and medical images that are sent from one location to another. This paper represents a technical survey on various cryptographic and watermarking processes that are applied on different medical images for secure transmission. Deterioration in the quality of the medical data or images at the time of transmission may endanger the treatment of patients, therefore, lossless and reversible methods need to be emphasized. In this study, we have analyzed some of the most relevant existing works in this area. On the basis of this analysis, we have tried to identify the open issues in the field of secure medical image transmission in order to provide secure transmission and ensure enhanced quality of treatment of the patients.

2000

An efficient digital watermarking scheme to transmit the medical image which embeds an encrypted data is proposed in this paper. We substitute the non-significant LSB bitplane of the image with encrypted data composed of the patient data and a digest. The latter is composed of two numbers representing the sum of detected image edge pixels without LSB bitplane, using Canny

2005

Medical images in digital form must be stored in a secure way to preserve stringent image quality standards and prevent unauthorised disclosure of patient data. This paper proposes a multiple watermarking method to serve these purposes. A multiple watermark consists of an annotation part and a fragile part. Encrypted patient data can be embedded in an annotation watermark, and tampering can be detected using a fragile watermark. The embedded patient data not only save storage space, it also offers privacy and security.

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, 2022

Confidentiality of Electronic Health Record (EHR) and privacy are two important security requirements for healthcare systems. Many devices on the EHR network utilize little or no encryption, which makes data in transit vulnerable to exploitative attacks, such as Man-in-the-Middle and other filtration methods. Recently, watermarking algorithms as an efficient response to these requirements is in the underline. In this paper, we present a robust watermarking method conceived as part of an Electronic Health Record platform. In this method a chaotic encryption and blind medical image watermarking technique was incorporated into the system as an authorization mechanism to ensure confidentiality and integrity of electronic health information. We present a hybrid watermarking method based on a combination of discrete wavelet transform (DWT), hessenberg Decomposition (HD), Singular value decomposition (SVD) and an original chaos crypto system based on the Arnold Transform (AT) of Singular Value Decomposition. In order to spread the robustness of our algorithm and provide additional security, an improved SVD-AT embedding and extraction procedure has been used to scramble the EHR data in the preprocessing step of the proposed method. In the process of watermark embedding, an R-level discrete wavelet transform was applied to the host image. The low frequency wavelet coefficients are selected to carry this scrambled-watermark. In extraction process, the stored used plain image is obtained from the trusted authority server to complete the verification process. The receiver should compare the unsigned watermark with the extracted watermark again. The verification can be done before clinical procedures and diagnosis. The proposed watermarking method endures entirety attacks and rightly extracts the hidden watermark without significant degradation in the image quality, thus, when the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Correlation (NC) performance of the proposed algorithm is performed.

Ijacsa, 2013

Applying security to the transmitted medical images is important to protect the privacy of patients. Secure transmission requires cryptography, and watermarking to achieve confidentiality, and data integrity. Improving cryptography part needs to use an encryption algorithm that stands for a long time against different attacks. The proposed method is based on number theory and uses Chinese remainder theorem as a backbone. This approach achieves high level of security and stands against different attacks for a long time.

2016

The protection of digital medical image comprises at least two main aspects: security and authentication. In order to ensure the security, the information has to be protected from the unauthorized users while the authentication confirms that the received data is not affected or modified and is sent by the intended sender (watermarking). The cryptography technique proves the security issues by assuming the intended sender and intended receiver have some security aspects called keys. So, after encryption of the digital material from the sender side, the person who has the key (receiver) can decrypt and access the content of the digital material. In this thesis, we have brought several contributions. The main one is the provision of robust and reversible medical image watermarking solutions in the spatial domain based respectively on FCA and ZBDD. The second one is a semiblind medical image watermarking approach for the tamper detection. Another contribution is the proposal of a secure symmetric encryption system based on N-gram. The last contribution is a hybrid watermarking and cryptography medical image system which focuses on a new form of chaotic map to generate keys with specific properties, and achieves better efficiency, high robustness and low complexity than the existing approaches.