Analysis of Object Oriented Metrics on a Java Application

2014

— Object oriented metrics have become more important in software engineering field. They are used to measure software quality and to estimate the cost, to enhance the reliability, maintainability and effort of software projects. Object oriented metrics evaluate the complexity of OO program. Object oriented concepts are dominating the software industry and engineers need proper measuring parameters in order to make software more efficient and reused. Object Oriented Design metrics is an essential part of software engineering. This paper collects many object oriented metrics proposed by various researchers and a final conclusion is to overcome the drawbacks of existing metrics and to deliver efficient metrics which is effectively used to measure the programs. Keywords-Software architecture; Coupling; cohesion; reusability; maintainability I.

This paper gives the different type of metrics used in object–oriented environments. Our survey includes a set of various object–oriented metrics i.e. those designed specifically for object–oriented programming. We believe that these metrics have significant implications for designing high-quality software products using the object oriented approach. The results can be of great assistance to quality engineers in selecting the proper set of metrics for their software projects.

Global journal of computer science and technology, 2020

The ever-evolving body of empirical results do confirmation on the theoretical perspective the validity of OOD metrics whose validity is determined by them demonstrating that [1] they measure what they purport to measure. Quite often OOD metrics have been used as indicators of both the internal and external behaviors in the software development process. Software metrics especially for Object Oriented Systems literature often describe complex models with the focus to help predict various properties of software products and processes by measuring other properties. Usually designers are met with challenges to work with these measures especially when and how to use them. The very process of collecting these measurements leads to a better organization of the software process and a better understanding of what designers do as long as they confine to measurements that are meaningful. To this end therefore, the initiation of these metrics during the initial software development process is important. This paper elicits an understanding of the OOD metrics used in OOS development.

2014

Metrics help in identifying potential problem areas and finding these problems in the phase they are developed decreases the cost and avoids major ripple effects from these in later development stages. These days, Object Oriented Paradigm is mainly used for all practical purposes, hence accessing Object Oriented Systems is a major research area in Software Engineering. As proved by researchers Procedural metrics are unfit for measuring various OO characteristics. Many researchers have proposed different OO metrics suite. This paper discusses the most commonly used OO metrics suite (CK, MOOD & LI) on the basis of characteristic they measure. An advanced metric for inheritance is also discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of all these are identified. The paper concludes by identifying that none of the metrics suite is full proof and there are flaws in almost all of them. Moreover, there is no single metric that can measure all the aspects of an OO System. Rather some of the suites h...

ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 2013

In the object-oriented environment, one of the most important aspects having strong influence on the quality of resulting software system is the design complexity. The OO model offers the technology to create components that can be used for general programming. Design complexity has been imagining to play a strong role in the quality of the resulting software system in OO development environments. This paper gives the design of CK suit of metrics and evaluation to these metrics so that these metrics should reflect accurate and precise results for object oriented based systems. Moreover, a set of new metrics are proposed that can find the impact on reusability of a class by using the combination of one CK metric with another metric.

Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1992

An acceptable measure of sofhvare quality must quantify sofhvare complexity. Traditional software metrics such as lines of code, sofrware science, cyclomatic complexity are investigated as possible indicators of complexity of objectoriented systems. This research reports the effects of polymorphism and inheritance on the complexity of objectoriented systems as measured by the traditional metrics. The results of this research indicate that traditional nzetrics are applicable to the measurement of the complexity of object-oriented systems.

This paper presents some advances towards the quantitative evaluation of design attributes of object oriented software systems. We believe that these attributes can express the quality of internal structure, thus being strongly correlated with quality characteristics like analyzability, changeability, stability and testabilility, which are important to software developers and maintainers. In order to measure the Object Oriented design characteristics, a suite of metrics have been adopted. A motivation behind the metrics suite is the coverage of the basic structural mechanisms as encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, reusability, Data hiding and message-passing. Data was collected from a project based on object oriented paradigms to calculate the metrics, which was developed using a sequential life cycle model.

2000

SUMMARY This paper presents the results derived from our survey on metrics used in object- oriented environments. Our survey includes a small set of the most well known and commonly applied traditional software metrics which could be applied to object- oriented programming and a set of object-oriented metrics (i.e. those designed specifically for object-oriented programming). These metrics were evaluated using

The Journal of Object Technology, 2006

The increasing importance of software measurement has led to development of new software measures. Many metrics have been proposed related to various constructs like class, coupling, cohesion, inheritance, information hiding and polymorphism. But there is a little understanding of the empirical hypotheses and application of many of these measures. It is often difficult to determine which metric is more useful in which area. As a consequence, it is very difficult for project managers and practitioners to select measures for object-oriented systems. In this paper we investigate 22 metrics proposed by various researchers. The metrics are first defined and then explained using practical applications. They are applied on standard projects on the basis of which descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and correlation analysis is presented. Finally, a review of the empirical study concerning chosen metrics and subset of these measures that provide sufficient information is given and metrics providing overlapping information are excluded from the set.

Proceedings of the 1994 Conference of the Centre For Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research, 1994

Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) techniques appear to be at the forefront of software engineering technologies. Nevertheless, as with the introduction of any relatively new technique, there is a tendency for people to attempt to maximize efficiency without always having a corresponding factual basis for their actions. This paper discusses important "bullets of measure" that should be taken into consideration during and after the development of an Object-Oriented System, particularly as it pertains to the static analysis of OO source code. The proposed metrics are consistent with the suggestions of many individuals who are well known for their experience.