Charge Controller for battery of Solar PV system

International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2016

This paper presents the solar charge controller circuit for controlling the overcharging and discharging from solar panel. This circuit regulates the charging of the battery in a solar system by monitoring battery voltage and switching the solar or other power source off when the battery reaches a preset voltage. This circuit is low voltages disconnect circuit. A charge controller circuit can increase battery life by preventing overcharging which can cause loss of electrolyte. The flow chart is also provided.

2011

In this paper, we present a novel maximum power point tracking method for a photovoltaic system consisting of a photovoltaic panel with a power electronic converter; the whole is feeding a battery. This maximum power point depends on the temperature and irradiation conditions. A robust control using a PI regulator is used to track this maximum power point. Photovoltaic or in short term PV is one of the renewable energy resources that recently has become broader in nowadays technology. The demand or future work is looking for high efficiency, more reliable and economical price PV charge controller which is come in portable size has become very popular in PV system. In general, PV system consists of a PV array, charge controller, rechargeable battery and dc load.

This paper describes a microcontroller based charge controller using PWM (pulse width modulation) technique. This PWM technique is employed by the PIC16F877 microcontroller. The microcontroller is to charge a 12V battery using 80W solar panel. The main feature of this charge controller is dusk to dawn operation; it switches "on" the load (the light) at dusk (evening) and switches off at dawn (morning). During day time, the load is disconnected from the battery and the battery is to be recharged with current from the solar panel. When the battery is at full charge (14.7V), the charging current becomes "pulsed" interrupted by the PIC16F877. "Battery Full" will be displayed on the liquid crystal display (LCD). An inbuilt analog to digital converter (ADC) is used to determine voltage level of the battery and the solar panel voltage. The hardware design, software implementation, and flow chart of the program are also discussed in this paper.

This paper contains the design, construction and implementation of an efficient solar charge controller at low cost. The charge controller is implemented using an inexpensive PIC microcontroller with the help of solar panel and battery. It is also simulated by using Proteus ISIS ® Professional package for different PV cell and battery voltage levels. This solar charge controller (SCC) has the properties to disconnect as well as reconnect the battery during battery overcharging condition or under discharging condition. LCD is used here as the battery voltage level indicator and to display load connection and disconnection status. LED is used to show the condition of the charge controller. This charge controller deals with the PIC16F73 microcontroller and MOSFET to control the system and coordinate with the activity in the SCC. The source code for the PIC16F73 microcontroller is written in the professional programming language Proton IDE to obtain very accurate and effective connecting or disconnecting action automatically. The low cost construction and practical implementation of this smart solar charge controller indicates that it functions properly .

IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, 2004

A battery-charging system for stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) applications is presented. Advantages of the proposed method are: better exploitation of the available PV energy by means of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique employed in the control algorithm, increased battery lifetime due to higher level state of charge operation, and the charging control process does not depend on accurate battery current measurements, reducing the effect of the current sensor sensitivity on the battery final state of charge. Also, since it is based on the battery current regulation principle, it can be effectively used with large battery strings. The experimental results verify that, using the proposed method, a better exploitation of the available PV energy, compared to a commercial battery charger based on the on/off principle, is achieved, and simultaneously a 100% battery state of charge is reached in shorter time.

The electricity generations of photo voltaic (PV) panels are strongly related with insolation and temperature. The insolation and temperature are not stable, since the electricity generations of the PV panels are not stable. In PV systems, insolation and temperature continuous vary. Therefore, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used to give the highest power to the loads/batteries. The MPPT process is performed with a power electronic circuit and it overcomes the problem of voltage mismatch between the PV panels and the batteries/loads. In this study, a microcontroller is employed to develop battery charge control system for PV panels. The system is composed of a microcontroller (Microchip PIC18F2550), a buck-boost type DC-DC converter, a resistive load, and lead acid battery. In the system, MPPT, charge control, and discharge algorithms are executed by a program embedded within the microcontroller. The program also has ability to perform some data acquisition process and acquired data are sent to the personal computer (PC) through the USB communication port. In addition the system has able to be followed and controlled by the graphical user interface (GUI).

2007

An electronic circuit is designed, built and tested. The circuit acts as a control circuit to regulate the process of photovoltaic solar panel battery charging process. The circuit is cheep and can be easily constructed from discrete electronic components. The circuit operation is based on matching the solar cell terminal load voltage to the appropriate number of battery cell units to be charged depending on the solar light intensity condition. Experimental results indicate that there is an increase of the overall charging current using the circuit over that using direct charging. Increase in the charge collection efficiency of the about of 10% is experimentally established.

2013

This paper presents a low cost Solar Charge Controller (SCC) using Atmel Corporation ATmega8 microcontroller to control and coordinate the functions properly. Details of design for the construction of SCC using crystal oscillator, ceramic resistors, Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and MOSFET are presented. The source code for the ATmega8 microcontroller is written in Arduino IDE to obtain accurate and efficient automatic control action. Accordingly, battery can be disconnected from solar cell when overcharging and reconnected while discharging. The loads can be disconnected according to the over current and under flow current limit for both battery and PV. The proposed charge controller is equipped with LEDs to display the battery charging /discharging status, charge level and short circuit condition via microcontroller. The construction and operation of our proposed smart solar charge controller indicates that it is cost effective and functions properly.

2013

With the increasing Energy demand Conservation and effective Utilisation of Energy are very essential. Solar Charge Controllers helps in increasing the efficiency of the solar power transferred to the Battery. It consists of mainly Dc-Dc Converters. These Converters are mostly Dc Choppers which converts fixed Dc voltage to a variable Dc source. These Regulators are used in case of Solar Charge Controllers to increase or decrease the PV panel voltage to as that required by Battery. The DC voltage from the PV panel varies with the light intensity which depends on time of day and temperature. Similarly on the Battery side the voltage varies depending on the load connections. Thus for optimal charging of battery it is important that the voltage of the PV panel and the current matches the battery charging state at any instant. There are various types of Dc-Dc Converter of which Buck Boost Converter is taken into consideration. This paper shows all the Design calculations and simulation r...

— Solar Energy-the ultimate and future source of energy is getting its importance day by day and will become the most prime important source of energy for mankind in the near future. Solar powered equipment and applications are gradually getting its way into the various sector of our day to day life. We need a storage or battery to store the solar energy which was harnessed during the day time and to supply power or energy when the sunlight is not available. Smart Solar Charge Controller which is part of solar power system is designed such that the solar battery gets recharged quickly and does not get over discharged thereby ensuring the prolonged lifespan of the solar battery. Once it reaches fully charged condition, a logic system in the charger will keep the battery on trickle charge. The charge controller will have smart battery management system in built. The charge controller will also take care of the deep discharge protection and cut off the load when the battery reaches a certain level when discharged.