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1997, Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies
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Michael Berkowitz's "Western Jewry and the Zionist Project, 1914-1933" delves into the attitudes of Western Jews towards Zionism and explores the conflicts arising from fundraising efforts within the movement. The analysis presents a nuanced understanding of the Zionist mission and its implications, leveraging extensive archival research while acknowledging gaps in coverage of Jewish groups.
The American Historical Review, 1994
Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis, 2002
Australian Journal of Jewish Studies, 2011
German History, 2010
This is a study of the ideological and political relationship between Zionism and anti-Semitism in modern Germany from the nineteenth century through the Third Reich, focusing on the Nazi years between 1933 and 1942. It considers this topic within the context of three contentious issues in post-Holocaust historiography and debate: the nature of modern German anti-Semitism, the decision-making process leading to the Nazi mass murder of the Jews of Europe, and the nature and role of German Zionism in German-Jewish history before the Shoah. This study examines the assault of German anti-Semitism and Nazi Jewish policy on the Jews of Germany, as well as the ideological and political responses of some German Jews, the Zionists, to that assault. It concludes that the approaches of German anti-Semitism and National Socialism to Zionism and the Zionist movement in Germany reflect a relatively consistent ideology that was applied in an inconsistent and often contradictory manner, one that in the end undermined the efforts of German Zionism to achieve fundamental Zionist goals.
This article is an attempt to survey Zionist grand strategy using micro-biographies of three key strategic thinkers of the pre-state era. It examines three Zionist strategists, Chaim Weizmann, Vladimir (Ze’ev) Jabontinsky, and David Ben-Gurion, focusing on their contributions towards Israeli statehood by 1948. There are certainly other figures deserving of attention on this issue, but these three have been chosen because of their consequence in both local and international affairs and, most importantly, for the grand strategic direction which they provided for the Zionist movement. Unlike other significant figures, these three men influenced strategy which touched on all significant fields of grand strategy. They are examined here together because they impacted all the economic, social, philosophical, political, diplomatic, and military components of strategy. When looked at together, theirs is a story about how a non-government organization (NGO) became a state, but also about the origins and nature of Israel and its politics. This story is important because it is an assessment of how the Zionist movement, which could not even agree that independent statehood was its goal, achieved that aim with the leadership of these individuals.
The Historical Journal, 2017
Since the Nazi seizure of power in Germany in , German Zionists initiated a public debate about the racial meaning of Judaism. Drawing on scientific racial, sociological, and anthropological definitions that emerged within Zionism since the late nineteenth century, these Zionists tried to counter Nazi accusations against Jews. However, as the Nazi propaganda against Judaism became widespread, aggressive, and dehumanizing, Zionists responded by traversing the academic outlines of racial categories, and popularized a constructive racial image of Jews, thus hoping to rehabilitate their status and consolidate Jewish identity.
Nations and Nationalism, 2010
This article analyses the ethnic and civic components of the early Zionist movement. The debate over whether Zionism was an Eastern-ethnic nationalist movement or a Western-civic movement began with the birth of Zionism. The article also investigates the conflict that broke out in 1902 surrounding the publication of Herzl's utopian vision, Altneuland. Ahad Ha'am, a leader of Hibbat Zion and 'Eastern' cultural Zionism, sharply attacked Herzl's 'Western' political Zionism, which he considered to be disconnected from the cultural foundations of historical Judaism. Instead, Ahad Ha'am supported the Eastern Zionist utopia of Elchanan Leib Lewinsky. Hans Kohn, a leading researcher of nationalism, distinguished between 'Eastern' and 'Western' nationalist movements. He argued that Herzl's political heritage led the Zionist movement to become an Eastern-ethnic nationalist movement. The debate over the character of Jewish nationalism – ethnic or civic – continues to engage researchers and remains a topic of public debate in Israel even today. As this article demonstrates, the debate between 'Eastern' and 'Western' Zionism has its foundations in the origins of the Zionist movement. A close look at the vision held by both groups challenges Kohn's dichotomy as well as his understanding of the Zionist movement.
Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies, 2006
2004
2004 By Abraham Weizfeld B.Sc., M.A., Ph.D. cand. l’Université du Québec a Montréal, Faculté de science politique et de droit 20 / 08 / 2003 RE : Grand Rabbi Shlomo Helbrans ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Introduction: The Jewish political cultural is as varied as it is of long duration. The task of this study is foremost to reveal the various dimensions under which one differentiates between the State of Israel and the Jewish People including its religious tradition, Judaism. In reference to the State of Israel one refers inclusively to the Zionist movement and its ideology. The differentiation of the Jewish political culture serves to demonstrate the fundamental antagonism that exists between the particular political tendency of Zionism and the Jewish national identity per se and in particular Judaism.
excerpt: "The aim of this collection of essays is to open a space for reflection that would allow us to “think the unthinkable.” Can historians contribute to the effort? We believe they can. But our approach should be distinguished from that of the high-profile intellectual and the public moralist. It is one thing is to demand from Israelis that they be more imaginative when thinking about their future; it is another thing to remind them of their own past, help them look at it with a fresh, unprejudiced eye, and to uncover the wide range of historical possibilities and alternatives it conceals. The aim of this essay – that should be read literally as an essai, an attempt at an imprecise experiment – is to direct our thoughts toward this unhindered thinking. We chose to shed light, to paraphrase Robert Frost’s oft-quoted poem, on the roads not taken, or at least the ones less traveled by, the mainstream Zionist movement. We do so by shedding light on few key debates in the history of Zionism and on the ideas of Zionist thinkers and activists who scrutinized and challenged the very parameters of the Zionist project from its inception."
This article analyzes the relationship between universalism and particularism in early Zionist discourse. Like every national movement, the Zionists saw themselves faced with the paradox between universalism and particularism that is inherent to nationalist theory. The Zionist response to this paradox is not only fruitful for the understanding of national ideology in general, but can also help us to understand the arguments put forward by movements of minoritized groups. In this context, the concept of hybridity is of major importance: for the Zionists, the idea of a nation—just as for other activist groups notions of ‘identity’, ‘culture’ or ‘essence’—rather than reflecting the aforementioned paradox, formed a hybrid entity consisting of both particularist and universalist aspects. The article further uncovers a fact research thus far has neglected: in support of their argument and for tactical reasons, German Zionists referred to other minority movements, such as the African American or Civil Rights movements, the Native American movement, and the women’s movement.
Jahrbuch Des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts, 2016
Despite a plethora of recent new approaches to Jewish political history, the story of interwar Zionism is still consistently framed as a dichotomy between Diaspora rights-advocacy and state-building in Palestine. This article challenges that persistent historiographical trope by recovering the overlooked Jewish political tradition of Zionist internationalism, whose bearers simultaneously pursued the twin goals of political consolidation in a territorial homeland in Palestine and the construction of national autonomy in the Diaspora. Using the case study of Lithuanian Zionist leader and international lawyer Jacob Robinson (1899-1977), this article demonstrates the complementary relationship between autonomist and statist goals in interwar Zionist politics. After tracing Robinson’s rich, complex biography from the 1920s Lithuanian Parliament and the European Congress of National Minorities to the postwar United Nations and the Israeli Foreign Ministry, it concludes with a discussion of the debates engendered by the Eichmann Trial about the relationship between Zionism and international law.
Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History, 2017
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com". Jewish History (2015) 29: 57-96
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