Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
2024, Pentoink
Printers remain invaluable in homes and offices today, yet their environmental impact must be addressed. Thanks to increasing sustainability awareness, Eco-Friendly Printer Cartridges have gained popularity as a solution. Not only can these cartridges reduce carbon emissions while offering significant cost savings, but in this comprehensive guide, we will discuss their many advantages, showing how eco-friendly toner cartridges can have a positive effect while controlling printing costs.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012
The growing demand for sustainable business practices, life-cycle analysis and environmental product disclosure will impact e-reader manufacturers, digital media companies and purveyors of print media. Sadly, print has allowed itself to be commonly seen as an environmentally destructive medium, despite the fact that much of print media is based on comparatively benign and renewable materials. This is particularly ironic in that print has incredible potential to be a far more sustainable medium than it is today… and to become the means for printing flexible polymer digital electronics as well. With environmental concerns playing a large role in all kinds of manufacturing industries, the concept of sustainability remains elusive. There are many common steps a print factory can take to reduce the impact that carbon foot print have on environment. It is only with truly holistic approach towards environmental protection we can effectively reduce CO 2 emissions and bring down carbon foot print. While CO 2 is created in manufacturing of the printing press and of printed products, there are other significant emissions involved in a print production. Process waste includes energy, printing substrates, ink, dampening solution, blanket and wash up solvents, anti-set off powder need special attention. This study helps to find out solutions to make print industry green, rather a new concept "CO 2 NEUTRALISED PRINT" under the mantra "Think economically-print ecologically".
Environment and printing seems totally different fields but no any technological field can remain in isolation from other field at present time. Printers need to take extra care about environment because it is not only regulatory requirement but also socialresponsibility and hence requirement of industry. To comply with environment regulation, printers need to understand what impact industry has on environment. There are various materials, like ink, paper, plate, solvents and photographic film, are being used in offset printing machine. By the use of 3R technique that is reduce, reuse and recycle any organization can save money as well as environment. In this research work some eco-friendly techniques are suggested which can reduce the impact on environment at its minimum level. The environment impact of offset printing was examined before and after adopting those techniques.
2011
The impact of the printing process on the environment is significant. This paper explores the voltage of reverse roller in indirect electrophotography printing in the field of 0V to -250 V on the life end of the printed products through the efficiency of recycling. In addition, the quality of color reproduction is discussed. For the printing is used: uncoated woodfree paper, double-sided coated paper and Soho coated paper. Characteristic of the results of image analysis handsheets made from recycled fibers prints obtained by changing the voltage of reverse rollers from 0 to -200V is reduced in the total dirt spot number and increasing in the dirt spot area. The efficiency of recycling is the highest for printing on uncoated paper, then on Soho coated paper, and the worst on double-sided coated paper. The quality of fullcolored prints observed through the volume gamut of prints gives reverse results. This is just part of a comprehensive study involving all six separate stages of elec...
Sustainability, 2021
The use of Ecofonts in printing can result in economic savings and lower environmental impact. However, most of the research on the use of Ecofonts focuses on Latin alphabets. Moreover, texts printed with Ecofonts can be perceived as being less legible than those printed with the original typefaces. This study (a) assesses toner use reductions in documents printed with English and Thai Ecofonts, and (b) studies the observers’ perception of texts printed either with Ecofonts or with original typefaces. To achieve this, black pixels were removed from 10 English and 13 Thai typefaces widely used in academia and other media. Visibility and legibility tests, as well as mass analyses tests, were then performed on texts printed with some such typefaces. Results from instrumental measurements and digital image analyses show that the use of Ecofonts reduces toner use of an inkjet printer by up to 28%. The study also proposes a new Ecofont typeface for the Thai language. Visual tests showed t...
Journal of graphic engineering and design, 2020
In the Printing Industry, printing inks, varnishes, lacquers, moistening solutions and washing solvents (ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, n-propanol, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, isopropyl acetate, propyl acetate, dimethyl ketone, glycols and glycol ethers) contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air pollutants (HAPs). Especially solvent based inks used for flexo, gravure and screen printing, offset printing dampening solutions and cleaning solvents contain high concentration of VOC. These organic compounds evaporate during the production process or contribute to the photochemical reaction. VOCs and HAPs, together with sunlight and nitrogen oxides, cause photochemical smoke, air particles and ground level ozone emission in the atmosphere. The VOCs and heavy metals can lead to soil and even water pollution when left in landfill. The amount of solvent retained by flexo, gravure and screen-printed products is 3-4% of total ink solvent used. The solvent in...
Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 2004
The potential environmental burdens over the whole life cycle of printing and writing paper produced in Portugal from Eucalyptus globulus were quantified, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The main stages considered in the life cycle were: forest, pulp production, paper production, final disposal, energy production, chemical production and transports. The results suggest that pulp production processes have an important contribution to water emissions, resulting in a major contribution to eutrophication. Besides, it plays a major role in renewable energy consumption. Energy production in the grid, printing and writing paper production and transports contribute significantly to air emissions and to non-renewable energy consumption, and, consequently to global warming, acidification and non-renewable resource depletion. Wastepaper landfilling assumes the predominant role in photochemical oxidant formation.
Information and communication technology tools could currently contribute to support firms in increasing the environmental sustainability of their production processes: the capability to monitor data on environmental performance is a key feature. This study proposes a decision support system for estimating and assessing the environmental performance of a specific printing product. Environmental sustainability concepts are just being applied in the printing sector: a critical analysis has highlighted that environmental eco-labelling schemes are widespread for raw materials; a few of interest have been addressed by researchers and practitioners to final products. The approach proposed aims to collect and merge environmental features of raw materials with data about printing processes carried out directly by the firm. Thus, the model allows a fast but integrated assessment of the whole environmental sustainability level of a specific printing product. With this, an overall sustainability assessment could be supplied to the final customer and to firm managers by integrating economic and environmental information in a common decision system. A prototypal software tool has been developed based on the approach proposed: the tool could be applied in the design as well as in the control phase for supporting scenario analyses to improve the environmental sustainability level of such a product.
Green Energy and Environment [Working Title]
Printing technologies have become a novel and disruptive innovation method of manufacturing electronic components to produce a diverse range of devices including photovoltaic cells, solar panels, energy harvesters, batteries, light sources, and sensors on really thin, lightweight, and flexible substrates. In traditional electronic manufacturing, a functional layer must be deposited, typically through a chemical vapor or physical vapor process for a copper layer for circuitry production. These subtractive techniques involve multiple production steps and use toxic etching chemicals to remove unwanted photoresist layers and metals. In printing, the same functional material can be selectively deposited only where it is needed on the substrate via plates or print heads. The process is additive and significantly reduces not only the number of manufacturing steps, but also the need for energy, time, consumables, as well as the waste. Thereby, printing has been in the focus for many applications as a green, efficient, energy-saving, environmentally friendly manufacturing method. This chapter presents a general vision on green energy resources and then details printed electronics that consolidates green energy and environment relative to traditional manufacturing system.
Moebius, 2004
Purveyors of print media products and graphic communication services must address the challenging issues at the nexus of commercial opportunity and sustainability. In the words of David W. Orr, "The overall challenge of sustainability is to avoid crossing irre versible thresholds that damage the life systems of Earth while creating long-term eco nomic, political, and moral arrangements that secure the well being of present and future generations."I Sustainable graphic communication requires the simultaneous pursuit of economic prosperity, environmental stewardship and social equity in combination with the effec tive exchange of visual information. The challenges of commercial opportunity facing print call for leadership, urgency, and direction. However, the challenges of sustainabil ity require more. They require creativity, collaboration, restless inquiry, and thoughtful MOEBIUS 69
2013
The exploration of the human–machine environment principally calls for the methods of organizational studies. Lean management is a systemic methodology that identifies, eliminates all forms of losses, as well as all such activities that do not represent any added value for the customer, client. the lean work methodology has been applied by several companies involved in graphic communication. The fundamental principle of lean is to avoid waste. The first principle of environmental improvement is the same. 80% of common actions provide mutual benefits. It means the lean and green printing have the same aims. The author introduces the movements and events of the lean and green printing in the different countries, over the world at the last 5–7 years.
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2014
ABSTRACT Purpose Conventional wisdom suggests that product reuse can provide environmental savings. The purpose of this study is to first compare the environmental impacts of retail refilling and remanufactured inkjet cartridge alternatives to production of new inkjet cartridges, and then determine the extent to which consumer behavior can influence life cycle outcomes. Methods A life cycle inventory was developed for an inkjet cartridge with an integral print head using material composition data collected from cartridge disassembly and material processing, product manufacturing, and transportation inputs estimated from market data and the ecoinvent database in SimaPro 7.3. Although previous comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) studies for printer cartridges typically use “pages printed” or a variation thereof for the functional unit, “cartridge use cycles” is more suitable for examining reused inkjet cartridge alternatives that depend on the inkjet cartridge end-of-life (EOL) route chosen by the consumer. Since multiple reuse cycles achieved from refilling by a retailer was of specific interest, a functional unit defined in the form of “five use cycles” included the mode and manner in which consumers purchased inkjet cartridge use cycles. Results and discussion Cartridge refills present the lowest environmental impact, offering a 76 % savings in global warming potential (GWP) impact compared to production and purchase of a new inkjet cartridge alternative, followed by the remanufacturing case, which provided a 36 % savings in GWP impact compared to the new inkjet cartridge. However, results varied widely, even switching to favor new cartridge purchase, depending on how consumer transport was modeled, specifically the mode of travel, travel patterns (number of trips), and method of allocating impact to each trip. Conclusions Refilling an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) cartridge four consecutive times provides the best alternative for reducing environmental impact for those consumers that purchase inkjet cartridges one at a time. On the other hand, consumers that purchase multiple cartridges in a single trip to a retailer reduce environmental impact more by transport minimization than by refilling. Results reinforce the need for more comprehensive inclusion of consumer behavior when modeling life cycle environmental impact of product alternatives.
Organic solvents have been frequently and excessively used in the printing process for a long time. The use of organic solvents in solvent-based ink is responsible for fire hazards, volatile organic compounds emission, and high manufacturing cost during printing. The present study aimed at replacing solvent based ink with water-based ink for reducing the volatile organic compounds emissions and carbon footprints in gravure printing without affecting overall printing quality. The PET film was printed with a water-based ink laser engraved cylinder having reduced cell depth and it resulted in the transfer of a low volume of inks on printing substrate. The cost of printing one kg of polyester film with water-based ink was reduced by US$ 1.95 compared to solvent-based ink. The volatile organic compounds emissions for water-based ink were measured at 2478 ppm against 3373 ppm for solvent-based ink. The water-based ink reduced the carbon footprint by 3.04 kg, which was equivalent to CO2 du...
Grzesik K., Terefeńko T., Life Cycle Assessment of an Inkjet Printer, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. Hard Olsztyn Vol. 21, No. 5A (2012). pp 95-105, 2012
In the recent years, printers, especially inkjet printers, have become very commonly used in households, causing significant environment impact. In this paper, a life cycle assessment for an inkjet printer - model HP DeskJet D1360 manufactured in Taiwan, used and disposed in Poland was performed. The system boundaries of this study includes also consumables essential for printer operating: paper and ink as well as electricity consumption. Values for eleven impact categories were provided with the application of the Eco-indicator 99 method, expressing the significant environmental burden. For the whole life cycle the most significant stage is paper usage, followed by the manufacturing of the product and electricity consumption.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2002
The production and consumption of paper leads to emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Therefore, reducing the paper demand will lead to GHG emission reduction. Paper use for communication is responsible for GHG emissions of 121 Mton CO 2 -equivalents in Western Europe (1995). In this paper a baseline scenario is developed for Western Europe that forecasts a rise in communication paper consumption from 31 Mtons/year in 1995 to 53 Mtons in 2015. We show that several measures are available to reduce the demand for publication papers, e.g. thinner paper, efficient printing technologies, duplexing, and printing on demand (POD). The impact of these measures are determined by using a life cycle inventory approach whereby we focus on GHGs only. We estimate that it is technically possible to reduce paper demand in 2015 by 37% compared with the baseline scenario. This would correspond to a GHG emission reduction of 70 Mton CO 2 -equivalents We calculate that the intensity of use of publication papers may drop from 5.2 kg per $1000 GDP in 1995 to 3.4 kg per $1000 GDP in 20l5 (all in 1995$). The measures with the largest emission reduction potential are, lowering the basic weight of paper as well as POD. Assumptions on the market potential of POD are uncertain and have a large influence on the results. Further research should focus on determining the influence of increasing access to (digital) information on paper demand. In the analysis only material management improvements are taken into account, no improvements in (M.P. Hekkert).
European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 2018
Today we are facing environmental hitches such as deforestation and global warming, due to which atmospheric CO2 level has increased by 25% since 1850. It is human activities that have created these problems; hence, the resolutions to these encounters lie in behavioral change. Thus, it is only by empowering people that the environment can be protected. This study aims to explore reduction of printing at elementary schools by enhancing pro-environmental printing behavior. Literature review is presented in the following themes-demographic, impact of printing on the environment and pro-environmental printing behavior. An observation method is applied in this study and data is obtained from 108 teachers from seven elementary schools at three different regions in Northwest Friesland, The Netherlands by using digital print data and printers' observation. The main findings illustrate that pro-environmental behaviour has a positive effect on the printing behavior. This research reveals that the experimental group printed 45% to 51% less during intervention. Therefore by extending pro environmental behaviour, financial and environmental costs can be minimized. This reading recommends directors of the schools to enhance pro-environmental printing behaviour among teachers to reduce both financial and environmental costs measured as use of paper.
Today we are facing environmental hitches such as deforestation and global warming, due to which atmospheric CO2 level has increased by 25% since 1850. It is human activities that have created these problems; hence, the resolutions to these encounters lie in behavioral change. Thus, it is only by empowering people that the environment can be protected. This study aims to explore reduction of printing at elementary schools by enhancing pro-environmental printing behavior. Literature review is presented in the following themes – demographic, impact of printing on the environment and pro-environmental printing behavior. An observation method is applied in this study and data is obtained from 108 teachers from seven elementary schools at three different regions in Northwest Friesland, The Netherlands by using digital print data and printers' observation. The main findings illustrate that pro-environmental behaviour has a positive effect on the printing behavior. This research reveals that the experimental group printed 45% to 51% less during intervention. Therefore by extending pro environmental behaviour, financial and environmental costs can be minimized. This reading recommends directors of the schools to enhance pro-environmental printing behaviour among teachers to reduce both financial and environmental costs measured as use of paper.
Recycling
Toner waste is one of the major electronic waste materials posing serious environmental threat and health hazards. Globally, only about 20–30% of toner waste is recycled, while the remaining percentage is dumped in landfills. Recycling options are limited due to the desirably engineered durability of toners, ascribed to a complicated composition of chemicals, carbon black, and plastic particles, which in turn creates critical challenges in recycling. The World Health Organization has classified toner waste as class 2B carcinogen due to its potential health hazard. In this review, the existing challenges in toner waste recycling are discussed from the perspective of environmental, health, and feasibility aspects. In parallel, the challenges have been opening up alternative strategies to recycle toner wastes. Emerging trends in toner waste recycling include transformation of toner waste into value-added products, utilization as raw material for nanomaterial synthesis, generation of co...
Green computing " represents environmentally responsible way to reduce power and environmental e-waste. Green computing is the practice of using computing resources efficiently. The goals are to reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote recyclability or biodegradability outdated products and factory waste. It is known that the demand for computing devices rises as the people seek faster way of doing things. The most important issue is the sustainability or sustainable development and it is the key challenge for the environmentalists today. Quite a number of methods have been suggested to ensure sustainability. One important issue is minimum use of papers. Papers are wastage of natural resources. Papers are produced from wood pulp which leads to deforestation. The production of paper releases many by-products which harms the environment. In the present paper the authors have made a systematic study on various issues while producing printed papers which are not good for the environment as well as for the future generations. The authors also propose the negative impacts of paper on the environment can be negated by using E-documentation. Keyword s— green computing, factory waste, sustainability, e-document, energy efficiency I. INTRODUCTION Paper formed from wood pulp or plant fiber, paper is chiefly used for written communication. Paper, whether produced in the modern factory or by the most careful, delicate hand methods, is made up of connected fibers. The fibers can come from a number of sources including cloth rags, cellulose fibers from plants, and, most notably, trees. The use of cloth in the process has always produced high-quality paper. Today, a large proportion of cotton and linen fibers in the mix create many excellent papers for special uses, from wedding invitation paper stock to special paper for pen and ink drawings. The method of making paper is essentially a simple one—mix up vegetable fibers, and cook them in hot water until the fibers are soft but not dissolved. The hot water also contains a base chemical such as lye, which softens the fibers as they are cooking. Then, pass a screen-like material through the mixture, let the water drip off and/or evaporate, and then squeeze or blot out additional water. A layer of paper is left behind. Essential to the process are the fibers, which are never totally destroyed, and, when mixed and softened, form an interlaced pattern within the paper itself. Modern papermaking methods, although significantly more complicated than the older ways, are developmental improvements rather than entirely new methods of making paper. Raw Materials Probably half of the fiber used for paper today comes from wood that has been purposely harvested. The remaining material comes from wood fiber from sawmills, recycled newspaper, some vegetable matter, and recycled cloth. Coniferous trees, such as spruce and fir, used to be preferred for papermaking because the cellulose fibers in the pulp of these species are longer, therefore making for stronger paper. These trees are called "softwood" by the paper industry. Deciduous trees (leafy trees such as poplar and elm) are called "hardwood." Because of increasing demand for paper, and improvements in pulp processing technology, almost any species of tree can now be harvested for paper.
Procedia Engineering, 2015
In accordance with environmental sustainability and in order to optimize the recycling process of prints from indirect electrophotography with liquid toner the results of investigating the effects of changes in printing conditions on the characteristics of recycled fibres is presented. Changing of printing machine conditions, respecting of voltage variations, comprises of the reverse rollers and intermediate cylinder. Based on the results it can be concluded that the change in the voltage of the reverse rollers more affect the recycling efficiency with respect to the voltage change of the intermediate cylinder. Brightness gain is higher when the print for recycling is made on uncoated paper compared to coated, and dependent on the voltage changes. Effective residual ink concentration decreases far more on handsheets obtained from recycled samples on uncoated paper in relation to both sides coated paper. Increasing the positive voltage of intermediate cylinder and increasing the negative charge of reverse rollers increases the 3 D gamut CIE L*a*b* color cubic units. Guidelines for the size of the voltage in order to obtain optimal print reproduction are provided. The further research will include the development in area of clean technologies, advanced materials, closed loop systems; therefore the significant terms in the area of environmental sustainability.
Sustainable print industry needs to focus on eliminating waste and reducing their carbon footprint. Print services can accommodate this by using better equipment, good planning, and advanced manufacturing and printing technology. The carbon footprint of manufacturing and transport as well as overall energy use in print manufacturing could be reduced substantially and thus global " resource productivity " can be greatly enhanced and carbon emissions can be reduced. 3d printing Reduces material waste and scrap it also limits the amount of energy used. The more efficient use of raw materials and need minimal harmful (e.g., etching) chemicals make it an environmentally friendly production process. Hence reduces the overall Carbon footprint of a given product.
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.