State Estimation and PMUs

Power systems are rapidly evolving, and correspondingly control and management systems require more reliable and accurate information on the operating conditions of the grids, in order to manage them. This information can be acquired in several ways and can concern different types of data. The possibility of obtaining such information and its relevance is particularly connected to the smart grids (SGs) scenario, for which the knowledge of operating conditions is critical for secure and reliable supply and for full exploitation of the energy resources.