میکسول کی مساواتیں

Journal of Statistical Sciences

This paper considers the conditions in which the lifetimes of two series or parallel systems are stochastically ordered. We then discuss how the REF can be used to improve and equivalent the system lifetimes. The REFs are often obtained by numerical methods and mathematical packages in literature. In this paper, based on survival and mean reliability equivalence factors, the equivalence between the reduction method and heterogeneous strategy in the PHR model for the parallel and series systems with independent components is investigated. We present closed formulas for the REF of series and parallel systems when the lifetimes of components follow the PHR model. Sufficient conditions for the relative ageing comparisons of the improved series and parallel systems under the PHR model and reduction method are also developed. There is a close relationship between the PHR model and the reduction method. We apply this relation and find some conditions for the equivalence of the lifetimes of two series or parallel systems. We also compare the lifetimes of two series systems under the PHR model and the reduction method based on the ageing faster orders in terms of the hazard and the reversed hazard rates. By a study on the reduction method and heterogeneous strategy in the PHR model for the series system with the component reliability vector F(t) = ( F (t), . . . , F (t)), we find that the improved systems by the reduction method and heterogeneous strategy in the PHR model are equivalent in the sense of ageing faster order in the hazard rate. For the parallel and series systems with the component reliability vector F(t) = ( F (t), . . . , F (t)), we also find the sufficient condition under that the improved systems by the reduction method age faster than those systems, improved by heterogeneous strategy in the PHR model.

˜al-œQamar, 2024

The study was descriptive and secondary sources were consulted for the purpose. Baloch is an ancient nation who have been living in middle-East India, Balochistan and Iran since the attacks by Aryans, by different names and forms they lived in tribes, almost always attacked by foreigners and ruined because of no united power. These circumstances made alliance of Baloch tribes and they gained the advantage of driving all invaders back, no foreign ruler ever reigned in Balochistan. They fought bravely against, Cyrus of Persia, Alexander of Macedonia, Genghis Khan of Mongolia, they never allowed them to stay in Balochistan for long. The objectives behind this study are to search nation of Baloch in the historical books and find out the similarity of its ancient areas.

2021

A number of linguistic studies on compounding have acknowledged that due to the existence of head element, endocentric compounds are semantically compositional and transparent. The current study aims to focus on the semantic aspect of Persian endocentric compounds to show that: 1) in some cases, the existence of head element does not entail the semantic compositionality and simplicity of conceptual structure in endocentric compounds, and 2) compound words which are categorized as endocentric compounds differ in terms of the complexity of conceptual structure. Considering that the ability of Conceptual Blending Theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002) to describe meaning construction in compound words has been previously approved by some cognitive linguists, this theory has been applied to analyze meaning construction in a number of Persian endocentric noun-noun nominal compounds. A close analysis reveals that although some endocentric compounds are semantically compositional and prompt fo...

Makhz, 2021

Idioms are specifically important in any language of the world because they give us a new creative way to express our view and to speak fluently. Unfortunately the new learners of Urdu language don't know about the authentic definition of Idioms and its usage and meaning in their specific context. In this research paper the researchers have shed light on the nature, combination, types and usage of Urdu Proverbs.

2014

Language Related Research, 2016

The purpose of this research is to analyze Differential Adpositional Case Marking (DACM) in Vafsi within OT framework by using the generalization of Aissen’s (2003) Differential Object Marking (DOM) model. While Bossong (1985) has traced DOM in more than 300 languages, DACM has not been investigated typologically, yet. DACM, as a branch of Differential Case Marking (DCM), questions the effect of semantic and/or pragmatic features on case marking of object of adposition. Evidence from Vafsi (Stilo, 2004) suggest that animacy in object of adposition (OA), affects its case marking; i. e. human and animate OAs in Vafsi will be oblique case-marked, while inanimate OAs are direct (nominative) case-marked. DACM OT model is developed using Prince and Smolensky (1993), Smolensky (1995) and the generalization of Aissen’s (2003) DOM OT model. The constraints hierarchies are extracted using formal devices of harmonic alignment and local conjunction.

Several mathematical models exist to account for plant response to salinity. These models consider soil salinity at saturated extract for plant response to salinity in the root zone. A considerable step would be taken towards applying such models, if irrigation water salinity can be used instead of saturated soil extract salinity because under field conditions, irrigation water salinity measurement is much easier than determining soil salinity. The objectives of this study were to quantify basil response to irrigation water salinity, to estimate its yield salinity threshold value and to investigate efficiency of available mathematical models for estimating its yield based on irrigation water salinity. Consequently, a large experiment was conducted with 13 water salinity levels including 1.175 (control treatment), 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 dSm-1. The designated salinity treatments were performed by diluting Shoor River water with adequate quantity of fresh wat...

2013

مطالعات حقوقی, 2020