Hydraulic Field Test Rig and Evaluating Plant Oil Performance

Procedia Engineering, 2013

Development of environmental friendly hydraulic fluid has a major influence on ecologically benign environment. This future type of oil should be non-toxic, biodegradable and ecological benign. Subsequently, it becomes crucial to recognize the sustainability of such oil in maintaining a high system performance which resulting in tremendous contribution towards machinery technology. Furthermore, the development of methods to evaluate the actual performance of hydraulic fluid has been of great interest. In this project a hydraulic test rig was built to conduct endurance test where it can be operated continuously with several safety features. The rig was used to test the oil and other stringent parameters, running for nearly 1000 hours. Major factors in the decrease of mechanical efficiency are thermal heat, friction, aging behaviour and contamination of the plant oil. Explained in this paper are the features of the hydraulic system built to evaluate the performance of plant oils.

Journal of Central European Agriculture

Agricultural and transport equipment is ideally suited to use hydraulic oils. After engine oils, hydraulic fluids are the second most important group of lubricants. More than 85 % of these materials are currently mineral oil-based. In view of their high ecotoxicity and low biodegradability, mineral oil-based lubricants constitute a considerable threat to the environment. In contrast, most hydraulic fluids based on plant oils have a low environmental impact and are completely biodegradable. Moreover, lubricants based on plant oils display excellent tribological properties and generally have very high viscosity indices and flash points. For this reason, therefore, particularly soybean, sunflower and rapeseed seem to possess the relevant properties as a potential hydraulic fluid. There are several tribotechnical methods how to assess the current technical state of used lubricants (viscosity, water content, flash point, acidity). One of the modern methods how to detect wear particles is LaserNet Fines, which is a suitable technique for machine condition monitoring. The ageing of test oils is analysed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR); for determining anti-wear properties of hydraulic oils, the standard STN EN ISO 20623:2004 indicates 1 hour under an applied load of 150 N. The objective of the paper is to show the description and examples of modern tribotechnical methods used for determination of the technical state of used biolubricants utilized in agriculture and transport machinery.

Journal of Thermal Engineering

Low toxicity, high biodegradability, renewability and high viscosity index of the plant (vegetable) oils made it have immense potential to replace the mineral cooling fluids. This study aims to evaluate the wear and friction behaviour characteristics of the corn fluid as a renewable bio-fluid resource. Base on the ASTM G-99 standard, behaviour characteristics of fluid were examined in terms of kinematic viscosity, friction force, coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter, and flash temperature parameter. Each experiment was do during one hour and 800 rpm as a rotation speed of disk and under four different loads 5,10,15,20 kg using the ball on disk tester, the (Mobil hydraulic fluid 424) used as a mineral cooling hydraulic fluid sample for compared the results. Based on the results, it was found that under low loads (5 and 10kg) the performance of vegetable fluid (corn) is better than the mineral hydraulic fluid (463.38 & 469.84 µm under 5kg and 567.1&593.74 µm under 10 kg respectively), also the values of friction coefficient of vegetable fluids were lower under high load as in the case of normal load 20 kg., which was 0.0159 for the corn and 0.0230 for the mineral fluid. Finally, it is concluded that the corn fluid could be an alternative renewable working cooling fluid due to its adequate performance.

Sustainability, 2020

The use of lubricants and hydraulic fluids of both mineral and synthetic origin in agricultural processes could have a deep impact on the environment as a result of their possible dispersion in the ground and aquifers. Replacing them with bio-based fluids, developed to provide good tribological properties and high biodegradability, could contribute to reducing their negative effects. The evaluation of the capacity of such innovative fluids to replace the conventional ones is based on work cycles lasting as long as their lifetime, during which their characteristics must prove to be at least equal to those of the fluids they replace. To shorten the evaluation process, CREA (Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia Agraria) developed a fluid test rig (FTR) and related test method, able to apply severe work cycles on small oil volumes, thereby accelerating the aging of the fluid beyond what typically occurs. This paper reports the results of the tests on FTR’s f...

Research in Agricultural Engineering, 2011

The paper presents a comparison of two fluids quality. The first one was mineral oil type UTTO which is commonly used in the transmission and hydraulic systems of agricultural tractors. The second one tested was biodegradable hydraulic fluid type ERTTO which could replace the toxic mineral oil. Both fluids were tested under the same test conditions using a special test device. The selected parameters of the hydrostatic pump were evaluated. The tests were evaluated according to the parameters describing the technical state of the hydrostatic pump as follows: flow efficiency, decrease of flow efficiency and cleanliness level of the fluid tested. This additional measurement verifies the test results. On the basis of the results achieved, we can state that the biodegradable hydraulic fluid exerts no harmful influence on the technical state of the hydrostatic pump. Therefore, the biodegradable fluid tested can be applied to the agricultural tractor. Has been demonstrated that the selecte...

Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2003

The use of rapeseed oil in mobile hydraulic systems has become more widespread over recent years. This is because of concern about the environment in which the systems work and the perceived bene t of using such uids. This article examines the major segments of the life cycle of mineral and rapeseed oil as used in mobile hydraulic systems, with case studies of a forestry harvester and a road sweeper. It shows that the systems running on rapeseed oil are not necessarily better for the environment. Many of the environmental issues examined in the study were affected more negatively by the use of rapeseed oil than mineral oil. The main exception to this was greenhouse gas emissions, which are consistently higher for systems using mineral oil because of the use of fossil resources. This study examines the production of the machinery, the oils, and their use throughout the machines' lives. The poor environmental performance of the rapeseed oil is due mainly to its poor performance in the eld. This is because it does not respond as well to high pressure and temperature as mineral oil, causing it to need more frequent replacement during use. This, in turn, in uences the de nition of the functional unit used in the life-cycle assessment that was conducted. Also, the rapeseed oil has more corrosive qualities than the mineral oil, and more hydraulic components need replacing during the life of a machine running on rapeseed oil than one running on mineral oil.

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 2007

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to investigate hydraulic system performance using vegetable-based palm oil as hydraulic fluid. Design/methodology/approach - The hydraulic system performance test at different operating conditions, such as pressure, speed and oil ageing, was performed using a Yuken vane pump test rig. The endurance system performance test was also conducted for 200 and 400 h. The effect of speed on flow slip coefficient in discrete and continuous tests was studied. In discrete testing, pressure of 35 and 200 bar and speed of 750 and 1,439 rpm were used in determining flow slip coefficient. The instantaneous data were recorded in a computer using an analog-to-digital data acquisition system with respect to time and the parameters stored were reservoir temperature, return line temperature, suction and delivery pressures, instantaneous flow rate, total flow, total running time and torque. The obtained results were interpolated for future prediction of the system performance. Findings - The experimental and interpolated results showed that slip coefficient decreases with increasing pump speed. The effect of aging condition on volumetric efficiency showed that the efficiency increases with aging period due to increase in oil viscosity. Practical implications - This vegetable-based palm oil could be a potentially useful substitute for mineral-based energy transport media such as hydraulic fluid. Originality/value - The investigation of hydraulic system performance using palm oil as hydraulic fluid is scarce in the literature. Therefore, the current study is quite new for the hydraulic system performance and it is hoped that it will provide a high value to researchers for further research before it can be used as hydraulic fluid. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0036-8792&volume=59&issue=5&articleid=1621210&show=pdf

Proceedings of the JFPS International Symposium on Fluid Power, 2008

Environmental protection regulations are becoming increasingly strict. By using water instead of a hydraulic mineral oil in power-control hydraulic systems we can make a very positive step in complying with these regulations. In this paper we present some preliminary results on twin-type hydraulic experiments, employing equal parts containing water and oil. Our initial findings suggest the need for modifications to the test rig, and a comparison of the behaviour between two similar hydraulic test rigs is shown. The main parameters measured during the investigation were the pressures, the spool displacements and the responses of the piston in the double-acting hydraulic cylinder. However, transient phenomena in the water and oil hydraulic test rig were also analysed and compared. Experiments were performed on systems with and without an applied load. The results reveal very different behaviours for the oil and the water hydraulics.

Lubricants

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an underestimated and multipurpose crop resistant to environmental stresses. Its oil presents useful chemical–physical properties, potentially exploitable for industrial purposes as a bio-based lubricant. In this work safflower oil was applied as a less toxic alternative to mineral-based hydraulic fluids. The extracted oil was partially refined and the antioxidant tert-buthylhydroquinone (THBQ) was added at two concentrations (0.25 and 3.00 mg kg−1). Efficiency tests of the obtained oil were carried out using an experimental test rig capable of simulating a real hydraulic system and performing severe short-duration work cycles with the aim of strongly accelerating the ageing of the tested oil. Oil performance was verified by monitoring hydraulic and chemical–physical parameters, which were correlated to the main lubricant properties through sensor detection and laboratory analysis in parallel. The results indicated that the safflower oil behave...

Applied Sciences, 2020

This paper presents the results of physicochemical and tribological tests of vegetable oils obtained by the supercritical fluid extraction method from berry seeds. The research was conducted by using these oils as the raw material for the biodegradable hydraulic working fluids. The oils were assessed in terms of kinematic viscosity, anti-wear properties, resistance to oxidation and corrosive effects to copper and the pour point. The best results were achieved in the case of the blackcurrant seed oil. In order to confirm the practical possibility of using vegetable oils as working fluids for hydraulic couplings, experimental tests of the hydrodynamic clutch filled with blackcurrant seed oil were carried out. Based on the obtained research results, it was found that oils from berry plant seeds produced by supercritical extraction could be used in the future as potential working fluids for hydraulic systems.