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Including derivative information in the modelling of moving interfaces has been proposed as one method to increase the accuracy of numerical schemes with minimal additional cost. Here a new level set reinitialization technique using the fast marching method is presented. This augmented fast marching method will calculate the signed distance function and up to the secondorder derivatives of the signed distance function for arbitrary interfaces. In addition to enforcing the condition ∇φ 2 = 1, where φ is the level set function, the method ensures that ∇ ( ∇φ ) 2 = 0 and ∇∇ ( ∇φ ) 2 = 0 are also satisfied. Results indicate that for both two-and three-dimensional interfaces the resulting level set and curvature field are smooth even for coarse grids. Convergence results show that using first-order upwind derivatives and the augmented fast marching method result in a second-order accurate level set and gradient field and a first-order accurate curvature field.
Journal of Computational Physics, 2015
In this paper, a new re-initialization method for the conservative level-set function is put forward. First, it has been shown that the re-initialization and advection equations of the conservative level-set function are mathematically equivalent to the re-initialization and advection equations of the localized signed distance function. Next, a new discretization for the spatial derivatives of the conservative level-set function has been proposed. This new discretization is consistent with the re-initialization procedure and it guarantees a second-order convergence rate of the interface curvature on gradually refined grids. The new re-initialization method does not introduce artificial deformations to stationary and non-stationary interfaces, even when the number of re-initialization steps is large.
2018
In this thesis, different level set techniques were developed to propagate the signed distance function values, from the cells adjacent to the body, in the rest of the computational domain. Furthermore, also an high-order transport scheme was implemented in order to modify the level set field through time. Regarding propagation, two method were designed, both based on the solution of the heat equation to obtain the distance field from an object. The former is an iterative fixedpoint approach where the final recovery of the distance field was achieved by solving an elliptic problem. In this case, the main dilemma was to find suitable boundary conditions for the final elliptic equation since the distance calculation, being an hyperbolic problem, should not be influenced by them. Two different type of boundary conditions were considered. The latter procedure starts from the solution of an initial heat problem followed by some Newton’s method iterations to refine the distance field acco...
This paper proposes and implements a novel hybrid level set method which combines the numerical efficiency of the local level set approach with the temporal stability afforded by a semi-implicit technique. By introducing an extraction/insertion algorithm into the local level set approach, we can accurately capture complicated behaviors such as interface separation and coalescence. This technique solves a well known problem when treating a semi-implicit system with spectral methods, where spurious interface movements emerge when two interfaces are close to each other. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method is stable, efficient and scales up well into three dimensional problems.
SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 2013
Here a semi-implicit formulation of the gradient augmented level set method is presented. By tracking both the level set and it's gradient accurate subgrid information is provided, leading to highly accurate descriptions of a moving interface. The result is a hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian method that may be easily applied in two or three dimensions. The new approach allows for the investigation of interfaces evolving by mean curvature and by the intrinsic Laplacian of the curvature. In this work the algorithm, convergence and accuracy results are presented. Several numerical experiments in both two and three dimensions demonstrate the stability of the scheme.
Sadhana, 2009
In this paper, we discuss the results of a series of tests carried out to assess the level set methodology for capturing interfaces between two immiscible fluids. The tests are designed to investigate the accuracy of convection process, the preservation of interface shape, and the mass conservation properties of individual fluids. These test cases involve the advection of interfaces of different shapes exposed to translation, rotation, deformation, and shear flow. Prescribed solenoidal velocity fields are used and no attempt is made to couple the advection of the level set function with the momentum equations. For the solution of level set equation we have employed first-order upwind scheme, MacCormack method, second-order ENO scheme, and fifth-order WENO scheme. Our studies show that the level set method perform well when higher-order schemes are used for the solution of advection equation. However, for certain type of shearing and vortical velocity fields mass conservation is an issue on coarser meshes even with higher order schemes. Finer mesh must be used in such situations to reduce numerical diffusion.
arXiv (Cornell University), 2021
Adaptive interface-Mesh un-Refinement (AiMuR) based Sharp-Interface Level-Set-Method (SI-LSM) is proposed for both uniform and non-uniform Cartesian-Grid. The AiMuR involves interface location based dynamic un-refinement (with merging of the four control volumes) of the Cartesian grid away from the interface. The un-refinement is proposed for the interface solver only. A detailed numerical methodology is presented for the AiMuR and ghost-fluid method based SI-LSM. Advantage of the novel as compared to the traditional SI-LSM is demonstrated with a detailed qualitative as well as quantitative performance study, involving the SI-LSMs on both coarse grid and fine grid, for three sufficiently different two-phase flow problems: dam break, breakup of a liquid jet and drop coalescence. A superior performance of AiMuR based SI-LSM is demonstrated -the AiMuR on a coarser non-uniform grid (N U AiM uR c ) is almost as accurate as the traditional SI-LSM on a uniform fine grid (U f ) and takes a computational time almost same as that by the traditional SI-LSM on a uniform coarse grid (U c ). The AMuR is different from the existing Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) as the former involves only mesh un-refinement while the later involves both refinement and un-refinement of the mesh. Moreover, the proposed computational development is significant since the present adaptive un-refinement strategy is much simpler to implement as compared to that for the commonly used adaptive refinement strategies. The proposed numerical development can be extended to various other multi-physics, multi-disciplinary and multi-scale problems involving interfaces.
This paper proposes two versions of a new hybrid method for numerical advection of interfaces that combines level sets and markers placed along the interface. The level set and markers components exchange information at every time step, thus combining the advantages of Eulerian and Lagrangian schemes, respectively. The placement of the markers along the interface provides an inherent way of preserving tangential information lost by the level set formulation, thus surface textures may be advected naturally. As such, our method goes beyond existing advection methods, providing an accurate and complete treatment of interfacial dynamics (both normal and tangential), with or without topological changes. We compare our method with a state-of-the-art method in interface advection with topology change.
International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2005
The present work is on comparison of numerical-methodologyas well as performance of the two types of level set methods (LSMs): sharp-interface and diffused-interface. The numerical-methodology along with mathematical-formulation are presented in-detail for relatively recent ghost fluid method based sharp-interface level-set-method (SI-LSM); and compared with the methodology for the traditional diffuse-interface level-set-method (DI-LSM) as well as an improved diffuse-interface dual-grid-level-set-method (DI-DGLSM). Two different types of surface models are considered: continuum surface force (CSF) and sharp surface force (SSF) model; CSF model for the DI-LSM and SSF model for the SI-LSM. The SI-LSM considers the physically realistic sudden variation of the thermo-physical property across the sharp-interface while DI-LSM considers a smoothened value of the properties across the numerically diffused-interface. For solving the pressure Poisson equation in the SI-LSM, a finite volume method based generic formulation is proposed and its implementation-details are presented. For the SI-LSM as compared to DI-LSM and DI-DGLSM, the relative performance study is presented on four reasonably different two-phase problems: surface-tension model induced unphysical flow for a static water droplet, collapse of a water-column in air, falling of a water-droplet in air, and coalescence of an ethanol-droplet over a pool of ethanol in air. For the performance study on various problems, a comparison of the results obtained by the three types of LSMs (SI-LSM, DI-LSM and DI-DGLSM) and various other numerical methods in the literature are presented. SI-LSM as compared to DI-LSM and DI-DGLSM is shown to substantially reduce the unphysical spurious velocity and results in better accuracy on the same grid size.
In the context of level set methods, the level set equation is modified by embedding a source term. The exact expression of this term is such that the eikonal equation is automatically satisfied, and also, this term is zero on the interface. Theoretically, it renders the reinitialization of level sets unnecessary, similarly to the extension velocity method. The exact expression of the source term makes also possible the derivation of its local approximate forms, of zero-, first- and higher-order accuracy. Application of those forms simplifies the realization of level set methods in comparison with the extension velocity method, but requires the return to the reinitialization procedure. Nevertheless, the advantage of local approximate forms of the proposed source term is that the number of reinitializations can be significantly reduced in comparison with the standard level set equation with the reinitialization procedure. Furthermore, with increasing the order of accuracy of approximation less number of reinitializations is needed. This leads to improvement of the interface resolution. The paper describes the new approach and an assessment of its performance in different test cases.
2003
We introduce a new computational technique for evolving interfaces, the flux-based level set method. A nonlinear degenerate advection-diffusion level set equation is discretized by a finite volume method using a complementary volume strategy. It enables to solve the problem in an efficient and stable way. Using a flux-based method of characteristics for the advective part and a semi-implicit treatment of diffusive part, it removes the standard CFL condition on time step and it decreases CPU times significantly. The method is presented for 2D and 3D interface motions driven in normal direction by a constant and spatially varying driving force and (mean) curvature. Comparisons with known exact solutions and further numerical experiments, including topological changes of the interface, are presented.
2012
A hybrid scheme for reconstructing signed distance function in the frame work of augmented level set methods is proposed. This method is based on gradient augmented formulation of the re-initializing PDE for the distance function. In our hybrid approach, equations are solved by first dividing the domain into an interfacial and non-interfacial region. For nodes belonging to the interfacial regions, level set and its gradient values are updated by explicitly locating the interface, where as for the remaining nodes, the re-formulated equations are solved using a semi-Lagrangian approach. Two approaches are presented to locate the interface, one uses the underlying Hermite polynomial evaluated along the characteristic curve, and the other uses the variant of Newton method proposed by Chopp [1]. Results show 4 order and 3 order convergence rate in L1 norm for the level set function and its gradient respectively. The same spatial convergence rate is observed when equations are discretized...
Journal of Computational Physics, 1999
We develop a fast method to localize the level set method of Osher and Sethian (1988, J. Comput. Phys. 79, 12) and address two important issues that are intrinsic to the level set method: (a) how to extend a quantity that is given only on the interface to a neighborhood of the interface; (b) how to reset the level set function to be a signed distance function to the interface efficiently without appreciably moving the interface. This fast local level set method reduces the computational effort by one order of magnitude, works in as much generality as the original one, and is conceptually simple and easy to implement. Our approach differs from previous related works in that we extract all the information needed from the level set function (or functions in multiphase flow) and do not need to find explicitly the location of the interface in the space domain. The complexity of our method to do tasks such as extension and distance reinitialization is O(N ), where N is the number of points in space, not O(N log N ) as in works by , Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 93, 1591 and Helmsen and co-workers (1996, SPIE Microlithography IX, p. 253). This complexity estimation is also valid for quite general geometrically based front motion for our localized method. 411 interface problem has been transformed into a two dimensional problem. In three space dimensions, considerable computational labor (O(n 3 )) is required per time step."
SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 2010
We introduce a new level set method for motion in normal direction. It is based on a formulation in the form of a second order forward-backward diffusion equation. The equation is discretized by the finite volume method. We propose a semi-implicit time discretization taking into account the forward diffusion part of the solution in an implicit way, while the backward diffusion part is treated explicitly. When forward diffusion dominates, a straightforward reconstruction of the solution is used, while larger (smoothing) stencils are used when backward diffusion dominates. The method is precise on coarse grids and is second order accurate for smooth solutions. Numerical experiments show an optimal coupling of time and space steps with τ = h, and no stronger CFL condition is required. Numerical tests with the scheme are discussed on representative examples.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2005
A local level set algorithm for simulating interfacial flows described by the two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is presented. The governing equations are solved using a finite-difference discretization on a Cartesian grid and a second-order approximate projection method. The level set transport and reinitialization equations are solved in a narrow band around the interface using an adaptive refined grid, which is reconstructed every time step and refined using a simple uniform cell-splitting operation within the band. Instabilities at the border of the narrow band are avoided by smoothing the level set function in the outer part of the band. The influence of different PDE-based reinitialization strategies on the accuracy of the results is investigated. The ability of the proposed method to accurately compute interfacial flows is discussed using different tests, namely the advection of a circle of fluid in two different time-reversed vortex flows, the advection of Zalesak's rotating disk, the propagation of small-amplitude gravity and capillary waves at the interface between two superposed viscous fluids in deep water, and a classical test of Rayleigh–Taylor instability with and without surface tension effects. The interface location error and area loss for some of the results obtained are compared with those of a recent particle level set method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1991
We develop a fast method to localize the level set method of Osher and Sethian (1988, J. Comput. Phys. 79, 12) and address two important issues that are intrinsic to the level set method: (a) how to extend a quantity that is given only on the interface to a neighborhood of the interface; (b) how to reset the level set function to be a signed distance function to the interface efficiently without appreciably moving the interface. This fast local level set method reduces the computational effort by one order of magnitude, works in as much generality as the original one, and is conceptually simple and easy to implement. Our approach differs from previous related works in that we extract all the information needed from the level set function (or functions in multiphase flow) and do not need to find explicitly the location of the interface in the space domain. The complexity of our method to do tasks such as extension and distance reinitialization is O(N ), where N is the number of points in space, not O(N log N ) as in works by , Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 93, 1591 and Helmsen and co-workers (1996, SPIE Microlithography IX, p. 253). This complexity estimation is also valid for quite general geometrically based front motion for our localized method. 411 interface problem has been transformed into a two dimensional problem. In three space dimensions, considerable computational labor (O(n 3 )) is required per time step."
Computers & Fluids, 2011
In this paper, we demonstrate improved accuracy of the level set method for resolving deforming interfaces by proposing two key elements: (1) accurate level set solutions on adapted Cartesian grids by judiciously choosing interpolation polynomials in regions of different grid levels and (2) enhanced reinitialization by an interface sharpening procedure. The level set equation is solved using a fifth order WENO scheme or a second order central differencing scheme depending on availability of uniform stencils at each grid point. Grid adaptation criteria are determined so that the Hamiltonian functions at nodes adjacent to interfaces are always calculated by the fifth order WENO scheme. This selective usage between the fifth order WENO and second order central differencing schemes is confirmed to give more accurate results compared to those in literature for standard test problems. In order to further improve accuracy especially near thin filaments, we suggest an artificial sharpening method, which is in a similar form with the conventional re-initialization method but utilizes sign of curvature instead of sign of the level set function. Consequently, volume loss due to numerical dissipation on thin filaments is remarkably reduced for the test problems.
Journal of Computational Physics, 2006
We present an adaptive coupled level-set/volume-of-fluid (ACLSVOF) method for interfacial flow simulations on unstructured triangular grids. At each time step, we evolve both the level set function and the volume fraction. The level set function is evolved by solving the level set advection equation using a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method. The volume fraction advection is performed using a Lagrangian-Eulerian method. The interface is reconstructed based on both the level set and the volume fraction information. In particular, the interface normal vector is calculated from the level set function while the line constant is determined by enforcing mass conservation based on the volume fraction. Different from previous works, we have developed an analytic method for finding the line constant on triangular grids, which makes interface reconstruction efficient and conserves volume of fluid exactly. The level set function is finally reinitialized to the signed distance to the reconstructed interface. Since the level set function is continuous, the normal vector calculation is easy and accurate compared to a classic volume-of-fluid method, while tracking the volume fraction is essential for enforcing mass conservation. The method is also coupled to a finite element based Stokes flow solver. The code validation shows that our method is second order and mass is conserved very accurately. In addition, owing to the adaptive grid algorithm we can resolve complex interface changes and interfaces of high curvature efficiently and accurately.
2011
In this paper we consider a level set equation, the solution of which (called level set function) is used to capture a moving interface denoted by Γ. We assume that this level set function is close to a signed distance function. For discretization of the linear hyperbolic level set equation we use standard polynomial finite element spaces with SUPG stabilization combined with a CrankNicolson time differencing scheme. Recently, in [Burmann, Comp. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 199, 2010] a discretization error bound for this discretization has been derived. The discretization induces an approximate interface, denoted by Γh. Using the discretization error bound, we derive bounds on the distance between Γ and its approximation Γh. From this we deduce a quantitative result on the mass conservation quality of the evolving approximate interface Γh. Results of numerical experiments are included which illustrate the theoretical error bounds.
Communications in Computational Physics, 2016
The level set method is one of the most successful methods for the simulation of multi-phase flows. To keep the level set function close the signed distance function, the level set function is constantly reinitialized by solving a Hamilton-Jacobi type of equation during the simulation. When the fluid interface intersects with a solid wall, a moving contact line forms and the reinitialization of the level set function requires a boundary condition in certain regions on the wall. In this work, we propose to use the dynamic contact angle, which is extended from the contact line, as the boundary condition for the reinitialization of the level set function. The reinitialization equation and the equation for the normal extension of the dynamic contact angle form a coupled system and are solved simultaneously. The extension equation is solved on the wall and it provides the boundary condition for the reinitialization equation; the level set function provides the directions along which the ...
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