The Pesticide Market in Serbia

2017 UBT International Conference, 2017

The vegetables represent a food with high nutritional values, especially rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, therefore it is recommended their daily consumption at least once up to twice rations per day. Based on this fact, it is of great importance to take into consideration the safety of consumption of vegetables for human health. Therefore, in this study one analyzed the content (presence) of pesticides in certain vegetables such are fresh tomatoes, fresh pepper, beans, fresh cucumbers and fresh carrots. The results that were obtained indicated that overall presence of pesticides in most of the vegetables that were studied, is minimal and within permitted limits, except for the fresh carrots where the presence of pesticide Phosalone, a chemical organophosphate which is used as insecticide and acaricide, is very high and is within maximal allowed limits of 0.01 mg/kg, as well as the presence of pesticide Buprofezin is 0.04 mg/kg which is much closer to the allowed maximal limit of 0.05 mg/kg.

2018

Pesticides (biological, biotechnical and/or chemical) are regularly used in plant production. Considering their toxic and/or repellent effect on plant pests and weeds, they present a health risk on food consumers. Maximum residue level-MRL (mg active ingredient/kg of food) is the maximum content of the residues of certain pesticides in or on treated plants and plant products which must be determined when these products are put into circulation on the market. National monitoring programs for pesticide residues are the food safety indicators in the EU member states. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) collects and interprets the results of monitoring programs from different member states. Results from Croatian national monitoring program show lower share of samples that had measurable residues above the analytical reporting level but below or at the MRLs, than average results that EU member states reported to EFSA. Those results could be the consequence of two scenarios: a) analyzed food is safer for consumer than EU average, or b) results from Croatian national monitoring program are misleading if they are not sufficiently detailed. Anyhow, Croatian residues monitoring program should be enhanced by analyzing all the active substances that are currently available on Croatian market.

"Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture Montanology Cadastre Series "

Worldwide pesticides are used by farmers for growing more food on less land by protecting crops from pests, diseases and weeds as well as raising productivity per hectare. Also, pesticides enable farmers to produce safe, quality foods at affordable prices. Therefore, the market for agricultural pesticides is anticipated to rise by $ 26.23 billion between 2021 and 2025. Pesticide residues can be discovered in a wide range of common foods and drinks, such as prepared meals, water, wine, fruit juices, snacks, and animal feeds. Furthermore, it should be noticed that chemical pesticides have been linked to a variety of detrimental health consequences, including impacts on the skin, gastrointestinal system, nervous system, respiratory system, reproductive system, and endocrine system. The current review was carried out using an objective mixture of primary and secondary information, including inputs from key participants in pesticides industry. Also, it aims at highlighting the urgent nee...

European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2019

Widespread use of pesticides is linked to the development of agriculture in our country; however, the usage of this toxic compound must be controlled. The purpose of this study is to investigate pesticide residues in grape and lettuce samples from the Albanian market. From March to October 2017, we randomly collected 44 grapes and 34 lettuce samples from some region in Albania such as Tirana, Durres, Fier, Lushnje, Elbasan and Vlora. The collected sample underwent pesticide residue analysis, and pesticide extraction which wasperformed using ethyl acetate. Instrumental analysis was carried out in GC/MS Triple Quadrupole in multiple reactions monitoring mode. Products such as vegetables and fruits, available in our markets should be safe andcontrolled to limit potential risk to public health. In this study we concluded that no lettuce samples exceed the maximum residues level values for some pesticides, 19% of grape samples resulted above the MRL, and Chlorpyrifos is the most active substance found more than 0.05 mg kg-1. Index Terms-Multi Residues Analysis; Grapes; Lettuces; GC MS/MS. I. INTRODUCTION Worldwide pesticide usage has greatly increased since the 1960s, and it has been responsible for the "green revolution", which allowed the industry to increase food production from the same land surface by means of mineral fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), as well as more efficient machinery and irrigation strategies. The use of pesticides has helped reduce crop losses and increase yield of crops such as corn, maize, vegetables, potatoes and cotton [1]. Pesticides help prevent and control pests, reduce or eliminate performance losses and maintain quality of products of plants origin. The application of pesticides in plants has led to serious impacts to human health and environment. Public concern about food safety has increased due to and recognition of the effects of pesticide use such as chronic neurotoxicity, immune impacts, endocrine disruption, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. Pesticide residues of vegetables and fruits have become a health issue around the world [2][3][4]. Directive 2009/128/EC aims to reach a sustainable use of pesticides, including guidance and advice to pesticide applicants, instructions on the operation and control of equipment to provide safety, and protection of human health and the environment [5]. The proposed MRLs are derived from supervised field trials lead on Good Agricultural Practice. To evaluate consumer safety, exposure to pesticide residues should be assessed and compared to health safety

This Forum Book is financed by the FAO-GEF Regional Project "Capacity building on Obsolete Pesticides and POPs in nine Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) Countries" All rights, including translation, are reserved. Except for fair copying, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means-electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without prior written permission of the Book Publisher of the International HCH and Pesticides Association (www.ihpa.info). This book is published on the understanding that the author/s of papers is/are solely responsible for the statements made and opinions expressed in it, and that its publication does not necessarily imply that such statements and/or opinions reflect the views of the oragnisers, publisher and/or editor.

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology

Widespread use of pesticides in intensive agriculture indicates the need for permanent monitoring of their residues in soil. For this purpose, a total of 22 evenly distributed sampling points of arable land were chosen in the sampling area in Serbia. Soils were divided into groups according to the previous crop (pepper, vegetables, maize, wheat and soybean). Soil properties and residues of 68 pesticides, of which 22 herbicides, 25 insecticides and 21 fungicides, were analysed in the collected soil samples. The obtained data confirm the heterogeneity of soil samples regarding their organic matter content (1.41-3.39 %) and pH value (pH 4.27-8.08). The average number of active ingredients detected per type of previous crop was 1-2 herbicides, 14-16 insecticides, and 3-4 fungicides, while the residues of 3 herbicides, 20 insecticides and 9 fungicides were found in total. Insecticides with mainly organochlorine compounds represented the majority of the detected active ingredients. Although rapid degradability of sulfonylurea herbicides is a well-known fact, the residues of nicosulfuron, ranging from 0.15-1.99 μg/kg, were found in three soil samples where maize was grown as a previous crop. Furthermore, triazoles prothioconazole (0.08±0.11μg/kg), tebuconazole (0.10±0.24μg/kg) and epoxyconazole (0.13±0.42μg/kg) were detected in 36%, 18 % and 14% soil samples respectively, while difenoconazole and flusilazole were detected in only one sample. Soil pH value mostly correlated with pesticides. The levels of pesticides detected in agricultural soils should be monitored further, especially in terms of environmental risks posed by their transfer to groundwater and surface waters.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2020

Although countries in South-East Europe (SEE) traditionally use less pesticide in agricultural production than more developed countries in Europe, primarily due to the extensive character of their agriculture production, it is important to find the level of pesticide use because their usage can have a significant negative impact on the environment, health and social costs. The main objective of this paper is to find the correlation between pesticide use and economic development in SEE countries. In that context, the model for determining economic factors that can influence pesticide use is constructed and estimated. The results show that gross domestic product and precipitation had a positive impact on pesticide use, while farm size, trade openness, and membership in the European Union (EU) had a negative impact. This paper makes a significant contribution to the literature of pesticide use in SEE countries and answers questions which are significant for determining economic factors...

… _ Kabaluk _ et_ al _201 …, 2010

Industrija

The primary attention in considering the fact that the percentage of hazardous chemicals consumption is inversely proportionate to the quality of ecological potential as one of the basic principles of rural development, which has direct implications for the development of agritourism, the research into the consumption of hazardous chemicals covering the period from 2011 to 2015 in the Republic of Serbia in comparison to EU 28 was conducted. The research was focused on the consumption of hazardous chemicals by divisions of Classification of activities, the consumption of hazardous chemicals by toxicity classes (A-E), and the analysis of the hazardous chemicals consumption by regions in the Republic of Serbia. The results obtained reveal the consumption of all hazardous chemicals classes per capita in Serbia is significantly lower than in the EU, and that the share of the most toxic classes is lower. Additionally, the trend of hazardous chemicals consumption is decreasing in Serbia, and stagnates in the EU. Particularly low consumption is registered in Southern and Eastern region as well as Sumadia and Western region, pointing out at the potential of these regions for development of agritourism based on this fact.

Acta Alimentaria, 2004

The main objective of the review is to document, assess and analyze the results of the previously reported data on levels of different pesticides in selected fruits and vegetables from Pakistan. The findings of the previous studies clearly indicated that more than 50 % of the samples were contaminated with organophosphate, pyrethroids and organochlorine pesticides. Many studies reported that among fresh fruits and vegetables tomato, apple, melon, mango, grapes, and plum crossed the FAO/WHO permissible limits for these contaminants residual levels. The comparison of other regions showed that observed levels were found above maximum residue limits (MRLs) in 50 % of the samples but were in agreement with the studies from neighboring countries like China and Bangladesh. Higher hazard risk index (HRI) values were calculated for dieldrin, methamidophos, o,p′-DDT, diazinon and p,p′-DDT in apple, mango, banana, melon, potato and onion. The review also highlights that data on pesticide residues in foodstuff is scarce which should be overcome by further extending studies from different areas of Pakistan. In order to ascertain the provision of food suitable for human consumption, it is imperative to monitor pesticides in food commodities by the country's authorities and enforce guidelines based on permissible limits.