AN INQUIRY INTO THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF POVERTY

generating opportunities for them.

IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2014

India is a country of continental proportions, and poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon. Not surprisingly, the debate over poverty in India-its extent, trends, causes, and cure-is complex and controversial. Fortunately, India also has a much higher quality and more substantial evidence base than most other countries for understanding poverty. Questions of poverty in India have engaged a large community of researchers over the years. But in recent decades, because difficult measurement issues have arisen, a disproportionate amount of attention has been devoted to assessments of the extent of poverty and the rate of poverty decline. Much less is known about how the rapidly changing economic landscape has altered the underlying profile of poverty-and how that affects the consequent search for its causes and cure. Fundamentally, the concept of poverty is associated with socially perceived deprivation with respect to basic human needs. As a result, social perceptions are taken to play a dominant role in ascertaining deprivation although self-perceptions cannot be ignored altogether and aggregated individual preferences may have to be respected in satisfying any given need in most cases as weargue below in the context of consumption poverty. These basic human needs are usually listed in the material dimension as the need to be adequately nourished, the need to be decently clothed, the need to be reasonably sheltered, the need to escape avoidable diseases, the need to be (at least) minimally educated and the need to be mobile for purposes of social interaction and participation in economic activity.

This paper is an attempt to explain how poverty is not directly an “economic” phenomenon but more of a “Social” Concept in case of India. The systematic exclusion of certain groups of people on several bases as they belong to certain caste, class, gender, race, region and religion actually driving us into the trap of penury. India has been experiencing untouchability, discrimination, caste segregation, gender inequality, deprivation and persisting poverty witnessing the evidence of the concepts. It is also responsible for creating a gap as one is discriminated against, could result in “Capabilities deprivation”. While attempting to understand the whole framework from the lens of social aspects I investigate whether the paradoxical contentment of these people could contribute to fill the gap or not? This paper is also an attempt to get into the regional dimension, caste dimension and gender dimension of society in order to find out the link between social exclusion and linger poverty in India and also a call for radical improvement, community participation and state involvement to make inclusive arrangements and less precarious conditions against excluded groups especially the women.

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2019

Poverty in India is one of the biggest issue we are facing today. Almost every third poor in the world is Indian. This paper gives insight about the poverty, its types, regional disparity, measures for its removal, and the initiatives taken by the government in this regard. Data collected for this paper is from secondary source. This paper elaborates the reason for the poverty in detail and its corrective measures can be taken. Poverty is a vicious cycle, a famous quote which describes this perfectly is ?you are poor because you are poor?. Chronic poverty is the issue we are dealing with from a long period of time. This paper also explains the parameters on which poverty is defined, what should be included and what not, poverty line, state of people below poverty line and measures to bring them above the poverty line, difference between poverty in urban areas and rural areas.

1988

Policy Research Working Papers, 2016

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 2023

This paper analyses academic discourses about factors that cause/perpetuate or eliminate poverty. It finds that the academic debates on the subject have been dominated by economists and have concentrated mainly on economic backwardness and/or unequal distribution of productive assets as the major causes of poverty in India. The consensus that emerges from these suggests that growth is important but other factors such as the growth of employment and real wage rates are equally important since the majority of the poor in India are rural labour households with marginal or no landholdings. The alternative discourse by political scientists highlights the importance of political factors and unequal distribution of power and resources in causing poverty and therefore suggests land reforms, empowerment, the need for inclusive policies/politics and peoples' movement as some of the solutions. Sociological studies of poverty bring out the role of social institutions such as the caste system (a system of institutionalized inequality) and patriarchy in bringing a disproportionate burden of poverty on certain disadvantaged sections of society such as the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, women, etc. State level studies highlight the importance of 'Quality of Governance' while village level studies provide useful insights based on the people's experience of falling in and out of poverty. The paper thus finds that the understanding of causes of poverty is affected by-(a) Academic Disciplines of the researchers; (b) Ideology of the researchers and (c) the level of enquiry, i.e. national, state, district or village.

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 2021

In India the wealth is in the hands of 1 % of the population which constitute the rich people of the society and 90 % of the people live below poverty line and rest are middle class people. From being the richest civilisation today, India is one of the poorest country. India has the second biggest population which is one of the major reason for poverty followed by which we have massive illiterate people in India, India was once the richest country and had the highest GDP because all the people in India were educated and earned a good amount, there was no system of reservation or caste system or gender based discrimination in imparting education to its people, which is dominating the present education system followed by the issue of language, lack of employment and health acre provisions, poor agriculture investment in the country, we have seen a rise in farmer suicide due to poverty, the Human Development Index has remained the same since 2015 and we have seen a decline in GDP after...

The Routledge Companion to Media and Poverty, 2021

India is home to the largest number of people in extreme poverty in the world and is also the world’s largest democracy with a thriving press expected to act as a watchdog. It is, therefore, not surprising that there is vast coverage of poverty and related issues in the media (print, broadcast and online), though some analysts have argued that issues relating to those in poverty get much less coverage in proportion to their numbers. Globally, the understanding of poverty has been evolving over the past 70 years, broadening from being one focused exclusively on a certain minimal income/consumption to one that includes “multiple deprivations.” The issues of “powerlessness, agency and inclusion” also have found their way into the emerging discourses of poverty constructed by academic research, international development agencies and government documents. This essay focuses on the role played by Indian news media in shaping commonly held notions about poverty in sync with the changing discourses through an analysis of editorials published in the country’s most popular English-language newspaper. It also includes a brief commentary on India’s experience of economic planning and development since its independence from colonial rule in 1947.

https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.7_Issue.1_Jan2020/Abstract_IJRR0025.html, 2020

Hegel used to say that “poverty is a social phenomenon’’. Mahatma Gandhi thought that poverty was the worst crime to be committed by any civil society. Poverty in India has two facets, one, social and another socio-economic. Those who are poor socially are generally poor educationally and economically. Poverty in India is mostly counted in absolute terms. According to Damien and Rafi, poverty in India is visible to the naked eye of anyone who tries to understand it. According to them a poor cannot afford even to send his children to the government funded school where primary education provided free of any fees. He also could not afford to get his children treated in a primary health care centre run by the government. Incidence of poverty in India has been highlighted by several economist a few of them consist of Prof. Amartya Sen, and Jeanedreze, Suresh Tendulkar, N.C. Saxena to quote a few. According to them around 25 percent population still live in abject poverty. Even the government of India has conceded that around 20 crore people in India live in a state of abject poverty with no access to portable drinking water, sanitation, and two square meals. Keywords: Poverty, Socio-economic, Government, Population, Social phenomenon