Development of time compressed sentence test in Bengali (TCST-B)

2019

Background and Aim: Time compressed speech test is one of the most useful monaural tests for evaluation of central auditory processing disorder. For developing the time compressed sentences test, the compression rate of the sentences must be set so that the average speech comprehension score is about 90% in normal individuals and can challenge central auditory processing system sufficiently so subjects with auditory processing disorders could be identified. Therefore, the aim of the present study was finding the appropriate compression rate for developing compressed sentences test in Persian. Method: Initially, two 10-sentence lists were prepared based on the experts’ opinion and were compressed by the amount of 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80% using Praat software. Compressed sentences were tested on twelve 18–25 year-old normal individuals and the speech comprehension score in different compression rates was compared and the compression rate in which the average score was approximately 90% was reported as an appropriate compression rate for developing time compressed sentences test in Persian. Results: 70% compression rate was able to create an average score of 95.27% (± 3.31) and 93.6% (± 7.17) in the right and left ear, respectively. Conclusion: Results showed that the compre­ssion rate of 70% was appropriate rate for developing the test in the Persian language.

2017

Purpose: to adapt the Time-Compressed Speech Test and verify the applicability of the new test, correlating it with the original. Methods: the adaptation of Time-Compressed Speech Test was possible through the criterion of phonetic balance. It was used an editing software called Free Audio Editor to cut the words from the original test and generate the new file. From fifty words already presented in the original test, twenty-five were preserved in the new test. For the validation, were evaluated 73 subjects aged from 16 to 30 years-old, who performed the procedures of Hearing Anamnesis and of Auditory Processing, Visual Inspection of the External Acoustic Canal, Pure Tone Audiometry, Speech Audiometry, Acoustic Immittance Measurement, Diotic Testing, original Time-Compressed Speech Test and adapted Time-Compressed Speech Test. Results: a new list of 25 two-syllable words was created. There were differences between the number of errors and the percentages of correct answers by ear, b...

Background: Te comprehension of spoken language is based on the analysis of complex acoustic signals by the cen- tral auditory system. Cognitive declines and deficits in speech understanding are seen in aged individuals and also in the hearing impaired. Te Time-Compressed Speech Test is a low redundancy central auditory processing test that evaluates the closure ability to recognise degraded acoustic speech, words, or sentences. Material and Methods: In this work, we evaluated the difficulties in understanding compressed speech. Volunteer pa- tients, both with normal hearing and with hearing loss, took part in the experiments. Also a group of hearing aid users were included. Te stimuli consisted of speech words that were either unmodified in duration or time-compressed and presented at the most comfortable level. Results: An inverse relationship was seen between the compression ratio and the capacity to identify correctly the words presented. Compressed words were worse perceived by...

International Journal of Speech & Language Pathology and Audiology, 2014

Background: The aim of the study was to develop a test material in Hindi language for assessing sentence recognition threshold in noise. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in two phases. First phase involved three experiments. First experiment consisted of the collection and recording of the sentence material. In the second experiment, sentence perception was assessed at five signal to noise ratios to check for the equalization of sentence material in terms of intelligibilty. This was done on 25 native speakers of Hindi language with normal hearing sensitivity. In the final experiment, 20 different lists with 10 sentences in each were formulated. The second phase of the experiment involved estimation of signal to noise ratio required to obtain 50% correct sentence identification score (SNR 50) and the test reliability of the lists was assessed. The estimation of SNR 50 was done on 30 native speakers of Hindi language with normal hearing sensitivity. Results: Twenty optimized lists were formulated. Lists were found to be of almost equal difficulty and to have good test reliability in normal-hearing listeners. The average SNR50 was-4.56 dB with a standard deviation of 0.45 dB. Conclusions: The developed test provides a reliable means of measuring sentence recognition threshold in noise for native speakers of Hindi.

2016

Speech audiometry is an essential component in the battery of audiological tests battery. The plethora of research studies advocates that during speech audiometry an individual needs to be tested in his or her own native language. The present study aimed to develop word lists that exhibited familiarity, homogeneity and phonemic balance. Twenty five items were finalized from the parent list. Standardization of the test material was done on thirty native normal hearing subjects. Validity measures were obtained by comparing the CID W-22 lists to thirty native speakers with L 1 Bengali and L 2 English. The slopes of the mean psychometric functions for wordlist one and two were 3.5%/dB and 3.6%/ dB respectively. The homogeneity of the word lists was examined by evaluating the inter-list equivalence, inter-word variability and inter-subject variability. The inter-word and inter-subject variability for both the list was 4.3dB and 4.5 dB; and 3.5 dB and 3.4 dB respectively. Binomial probabi...

Revista CEFAC

Purpose: to analyze and compare the performance in the time-compressed speech test and the auditory behavior of adults with and without central auditory processing disorders. Methods: an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with a total of 40 people of both genders aged 18 to 35 years participating in the study. They were submitted to anamnesis, basic audiological assessment, and a core battery of tests for central auditory processing - including the dichotic digits test (binaural integration), frequency pattern test, and time-compressed speech test (TCST). Based on the results of the dichotic digits and frequency pattern tests, the subjects were divided into two groups, with and without central auditory processing disorders. The auditory behavior was assessed with the Scale of Auditory Behavior (SAB) questionnaire. The Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests were used for the statistical analysis, setting the significance level at p < 0.05. Results: no difference in pe...

International Academy Of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2019

Auditory comprehension is the process, through which spoken language is heard, interpreted and understood. Damage to specific language areas in the brain result in stroke. Auditory comprehension impairment is characterised with semantic and phonological deficits Various research studies have reported that elderly individuals are at greater risk of developing degeneration than the younger-adult individuals and have to face challenges in the areas such as social roles and activities of daily living. Justification: The burden of communication disorders is cumulative seeing the aging and deleterious advancing risk of dementia globally. Disability comes with aging (Yorkston and Burgeois, 2010). Result: Mean age of each of the sub group shows that the participants are uniformly distributed across each of the sub groups. The auditory comprehension skills decline with increasing age among adults. Conclusion: Study concludes decrease in the total scores of auditory comprehension across five age groups from 30 to 80 years. On observation age group 60-70 years scored better than age group 50-60 years. This may be due to stress factor in the 50-60 years of age.

Clinics, 2007

INTRODUCTION: The time-compressed speech test has existed since the 1970s. It is sensitive for evaluating auditory closure. However, it is not used in Brazil because until recently, it had not been developed in Portuguese. PURPOSE: To develop a compressed speech test in Portuguese, to apply it to normal-hearing adults, and to verify which of the compressed lists (50%, 60%, or 70%) is the most appropriate to be part of a set of auditory processing tests. METHODS: 144 normal-hearing adults, distributed homogeneously between both genders, were assessed. The compressed speech tests were applied using monosyllables and disyllables according to 8 previously established sequences, and the results were compared with respect to the initial ear, to the order of presentation, and to the kind of test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between ears. The 50%, 60% and 70% presentation order produced a better average of correct responses than the 70%, 60% and 50% one. There was a significant difference (P <.001) between the results of the tests comprising lists of monosyllables compared to those comprising disyllables. In both tests (with monosyllables and disyllables) the average of correct responses decreased as the compression increased. CONCLUSION: The monosyllabic and disyllabic lists with 60% compression appeared to be more stable than the others, with the average of correct responses around 90%.

Abstract Background:The present study aimed to develop and standardise the sentence identification test in the Kannada language. This study used a normative research design that included development and standardisation of sentence tests. Material and methods:A total of 700 sentences in the Kannada language, selected from various sources, were evaluated for naturalness, predictability, and equivalency by 33 participants. Sentences considered to be natural, low in predictability, and equivalent were used to construct 30 lists of 10 sentences each. Standardisation of the material and list equivalency were as-sessed on 100 listeners with normal hearing ability. Results:Based on ratings of naturalness and predictability, 564 sentences were considered as highly natural and of low pre-dictability. Of these, 316 were found to have equal difficulty based on a performance-SNR function and were used to con-struct 30 lists. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests revealed Lists 1, 3, 15, 16, and 30 to be significant-ly different from at least one of the other lists. After removing these lists, the mean identification score for the final 25 lists at –5 dB SNR was 54%. Conclusions:The sentence identification test in Kannada for adults consists of 25 homogenous lists. The normative for the same is also given in the study. Its application is being assessed for hearing evaluation in the clinical population.

2019

Introduction: Clinical assessment of speech perception skills is very important for several reasons. However, it is routinely assessed in older children and adults but not in very young children mainly due to lack of appropriate tools, especially in Indian languages. Considering the limitations of closed-set and open-set tests for young children modified open set test would be appropriate. Aim: To develop a modified open set sentence test in Hindi based on the Mr. Potato Head Test framework using appropriate toy and sentence material and employ the developed test to assess children with normal hearing in the age range of 18 to 48 months. Method: Two sentence lists with ten sentences each and one practice list with five sentences were developed. The test was recorded in a professional studio by a sound engineer and sentences were calibrated using the Bruel & Kjaer-Type-2250 sound level meter (SLM) so that the test could be administered via speakers using a laptop. The test was admini...