Production of lactic acid from Starchy-based food substrates

background: Lactic acid (LA) is a carboxylic acid widely used as preservative, acidulant, and/or flavouring in food industry; it is also used as a raw material for the production of lactate ester, propylene glycol, 2,3-pentanedione, propanoic acid, acrylic acid and acetaldehyde. In recent years, the demand for LA production has dramatically increased due to its application as a monomer for poly-lactic acid synthesis, a biodegradable polymer used as a plastic in many industrial applications. LA can be produced either by fermentation or chemical synthesis; the former route has received considerable interest, due to environmental concerns and the limited nature of petrochemical feedstocks; thus, 90% of LA produced worldwide is obtained by fermentation, this process comprises the bioconversion of a sugar solution (carbohydrates) into LA in the presence of a microorganism. Objectives: This work is aimed at studying the effect of pH control and culture media composition on the LA production using renewable sources from the agroindustry sector. Methods: A Lactobacillus brevis strain is used to perform lab scale experiments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, using three different culture media compositions: a high nutritional content medium (MRS), as a reference, a low nutritional content medium with glucose as the only carbon source (GM), and a potential low nutritional content medium with cassava flour as carbon source (HY1). results: The higher LA production is accomplished under anaerobic conditions, 17.6 ± 0.1, 12.6 ± 0.2 y 13.6 ± 0.2 g LA/L, for MRS, GM and HY1 medium, respectively. The effect of pH on LA biosynthesis in a 5L bioreactor is also studied using the HY1 medium. For a fermentation time of 120 h, the highest LA concentration obtained was 24.3 ± 0.7g LA/L, productivity 0.20 g/L/h, Y P/S 0.32g LA/g syrup, at pH 6.5. conclusions: These results are comparable with those using expensive carbon sources such as glucose, and show cassava flour as a promising low-cost substrate source for lab and eventually large scale LA biosynthesis.

Vitae

background: Lactic acid (LA) is a carboxylic acid widely used as preservative, acidulant, and/or flavouring in food industry; it is also used as a raw material for the production of lactate ester, propylene glycol, 2,3-pentanedione, propanoic acid, acrylic acid and acetaldehyde. In recent years, the demand for LA production has dramatically increased due to its application as a monomer for poly-lactic acid synthesis, a biodegradable polymer used as a plastic in many industrial applications. LA can be produced either by fermentation or chemical synthesis; the former route has received considerable interest, due to environmental concerns and the limited nature of petrochemical feedstocks; thus, 90% of LA produced worldwide is obtained by fermentation, this process comprises the bioconversion of a sugar solution (carbohydrates) into LA in the presence of a microorganism. Objectives: This work is aimed at studying the effect of pH control and culture media composition on the LA production using renewable sources from the agroindustry sector. Methods: A Lactobacillus brevis strain is used to perform lab scale experiments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, using three different culture media compositions: a high nutritional content medium (MRS), as a reference, a low nutritional content medium with glucose as the only carbon source (GM), and a potential low nutritional content medium with cassava flour as carbon source (HY1). results: The higher LA production is accomplished under anaerobic conditions, 17.6 ± 0.1, 12.6 ± 0.2 y 13.6 ± 0.2 g LA/L, for MRS, GM and HY1 medium, respectively. The effect of pH on LA biosynthesis in a 5L bioreactor is also studied using the HY1 medium. For a fermentation time of 120 h, the highest LA concentration obtained was 24.3 ± 0.7g LA/L, productivity 0.20 g/L/h, Y P/S 0.32g LA/g syrup, at pH 6.5. conclusions: These results are comparable with those using expensive carbon sources such as glucose, and show cassava flour as a promising low-cost substrate source for lab and eventually large scale LA biosynthesis.

Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 2009

During extraction of starch from cassava, fibrous residue is a major waste released into the environment. Owing to the high starch content (60-65% on dry weight basis) and organic matter of cassava fibrous residue (CFR), an attempt has been made to utilize it for the production of lactic acid (LA) in semi solid state fermentation using Mann Rogassa Sharpe medium containing [5 % (wv(-1))] CFR in lieu of glucose [2% (wv(-1))] as the carbon source. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effect of main variables, i.e. incubation period, temperature and pH on LA production. The experimental results showed that the optimum incubation period, temperature and pH were 120 hr 35 degrees C and 6.5, respectively. Maximum starch conversion by Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 1407 to LA was 63.3%. The organism produced 29.86 g of (L+) LA from 60 g of starch present in 100 g of CFR. The LA production yield (i.e. mass LA produced mass starch present in CFR(-1) x 100) was 49.76%.

This work was carried out in collaboration between the authors. Author FA designed the study, performed laboratory and statistical analyses, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author POA procured the cassava varieties and performed the proximate analysis in the laboratory. Authors KSA, YAA, TOA, SOF, NOO, UDA, TAK and GGD performed sample collection and laboratory analyses of the study. Author OF contributed to the development of protocol and provided technical support. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology, 2021

One of the utilizations of bitter cassava is modified cassava flour (Mocaf) production using the fermentation process by Lactobacillus casei. The Mocaf has potential as the future of food security products. It has a characteristic property similar to wheat flour. Lactic acid was also produced as a by‐product during fermentation. After 40 h of fermentation, the proximate composition content of Mocaf was lactic acid content of 0.000928 g/L, hydrogen cyanide levels of 0.02 ppm, starch content of 59.13%, amylose content of 12.98% and amylopectin content of 46.15%. In the scaling‐up process from a laboratory scale to a pilot and industrial scale, modeling is needed. There are five equation models used to describe the kinetic reactions of lactic acid from bitter cassava starch: Monod, Moser, Powell, Blackman, and Product Inhibitor. Each parameter was being searched by a fitting curve using sigmaplot 12.0. The best result in terms of the highest R2 (0.65913) was obtained in the Powell equa...

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2006

Saccharification and fermentation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) bagasse was carried out in a single step for the production of L-(+)-lactic acid by Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Using 15.5% w/v of cassava bagasse as the raw material, a maximum starch to lactic acid conversion of 96% was obtained with L. casei with a productivity rate of 1.40 mg/mL•h and maximum yield of 83.8 mg/mL. It was 94% with L. delbrueckii with a productivity rate of 1.36 mg/mL•h and maximum yield of 81.9 mg/mL. Supplementation of bagasse with 0.01% w/v MnCl 2 showed positive influence on the lactic acid production by L. casei.

Microbiology Research Journal International

The demand for lactic acid is steadily increasing due to the desire of its bioproduction over chemical synthesis. The associated cost, however, is a significant hurdle. This study reports lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 from cassava peel. It investigates the effect of unhydrolysed cassava peels, acidic, alkali hydrolysates; fermenting pH; substrate concentration; nitrogen source concentration; duration; and inoculum size. An attempt at a cheaper purification and recovery protocol relative to those currently in use was similarly performed. Acidic hydrolysate yielded 10.53%, unhydrolysed substrate gave 4.80% with alkali hydrolysate yielding 4.75%. The highest LA yield was obtained at pH 6.0, 2.0% v/v inoculum size, 25% w/v substrate concentration, 5% nitrogen source concentration. A post-optimisation combination yielded 18.3% LA suggesting that one-factor-at-a-time may be unsuitable for optimisation studies involving cassava peel and L. casei ATCC334. FTIR spec...

Food Research International, 2015

Traditional Brazilian indigenous fermented foods and beverages are potential sources of new food products that promote health, but they are still produced by natural fermentation. In the present work, Lactobacillus fermentum CCMA 0215 isolated from the indigenous fermented cassava beverage yakupa was used as single or mixed starter culture with five different yeast strains (Torulaspora delbrueckii CCMA 0234 and CCMA 0235, Pichia caribbica CCMA 0198, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCMA 0232 and CCMA 0233) to ferment cassava. Fermentations using each yeast as single starter culture were also performed. The microbial population and metabolites produced during cassava fermentation were investigated. In all assays, the inoculated microorganisms fermented cassava, judged by lowering the pH from 6.0 to 4.0-5.0 within 24 h. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast population increased during fermentation. Lactic acid was the main organic acid produced, reaching a maximum value of 4.5 g/L at 24 h in the co-culture with L. fermentum CCMA 0215 and T. delbrueckii CCMA 0234. Other organic acids, such as malic, tartaric, and succinic acids, were detected in low concentrations (less than 0.5 g/L). Ethanol and glycerol were produced in all assays inoculated with yeasts (single and co-cultured with LAB), reaching the maximum concentration of approximately 2.3 g/L and 0.6 g/L, respectively. Twenty-two volatile compounds were detected after 48 h of fermentation, varying widely between single and co-cultures. The compounds 2phenylethyl alcohol, 1-butanol, 3-methyl (isoamyl alcohol), and acetoin were detected in single and cocultures. This study demonstrated co-cultures of yeasts and LAB had the ability to improve the aroma profile of the final product and the safety of the product by lowering the pH.

Lactic Acid Bacteria: Genetics, Metabolism and Applications, 1999

Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 2020

The use of cassava as foodstuffs has been widely developed. Modifying it into a mocaf (modified cassava flour) is one of the cassava utilization. This research aimed to process cassavas into mocaf utilizing lactic acid bacteria and to obtain a better mocaf in terms of its physicochemical parameters. Bacteria used were L. plantarum, L. fermentum, and L. paracasei, which can ferment cassava to mocaf. The fermentation process was carried out by two fermentation duration of 48 hours and 72 hours, followed by draining and drying using the oven at 50 °C for 6 hours. This research analyzed mocaf's physicochemical properties such as water content, fat content, protein content, ash content, carbohydrate content, whiteness, and acidity. A Factorial Randomized Block Design with two replications was applied as the research design. If the test result showed that the tested sample has a significant difference at the level of significance of 0.05, it then subjects to the further Duncan test, u...