Enterprises, Localities, People, and Policy in the South China Sea

2019

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

This article investigates the nationalistic rhetoric disseminated by the Chinese political elite regarding the South China Sea, exploring how this political discourse contributed to building a collective consciousness of the sea among Chinese citizens and to creating a new maritime province.

Working Paper Series, 2022

The South China Sea and the ongoing dispute about territorial waters and exclusive economic zones over it is an issue that needs an inspection from both international relations and economic perspectives, making it a topic fit for commercial diplomacy. This paper aims to assess the investments to the region of China and its main competitor in the region, the USA. These investments can be military, economic, diplomatic, social, and other ways ranging from soft to hard power and to assess from cultural and historical perspectives to find out potential allegiances of the regional actors in this dispute. To determine these allegiances, we need to review first the reality of the situation; historical background, geographical basic information and similar information based on the facts of the region and conflict and some theories of international relations to understand how these facts interact with each other to form the dispute and maybe towards a future where all these conditions play out to a solution.

2019

Article Type: Research Paper Purpose-The absence of a regional seas convention (RSC) in the South China Sea is alarming for one of the world's most critical marine environments. Presently, a United Nations body coordinates East Asian marine environmental "policy" on the basis of participating states' goodwill. This contribution addresses this regional legal gap by examining RSCs elsewhere to understand whether state practice on marine environmental protection now includes the duty to conclude RSCs. Design, Methodology, Approach-Using a comparative legal approach, the author purposely selected the Mediterranean and Caribbean regional seas programs (RSPs) to draw out practices that may be useful to marine environmental governance in the South China Sea. Findings-The comparison confirms the author's hypothesis that the duty to protect the marine environment now includes a duty to conclude RSCs for the governance of the world's regional seas. Practical Implications-This contribution explains that a model of marine environmental governance based purely on state goodwill endangers the South China Sea over the long term.

2019

This paper mainly discusses the naming of islets, rocks and shoals in the South China Sea by looking at the cases of the Pratas Islands and Scarborough Shoal. The naming of places in the South China Sea has been a symbolic extension of territorial claims of the neighboring countries that have displayed great interest in the said areas. The Pratas Islands are currently under the jurisdiction of Taiwan but are claimed both by China and Taiwan. China and Taiwan name the Pratas Island as Dongsha Qundao and Tungsha Islands respectively. Both nomenclatures share the same literal meaning, “eastern sandy archipelago”, but in different Romanized spellings. Scarborough Shoal is presently under Chinese military occupation, but is claimed by China, the Philippines, and Taiwan, which named it Huangyan Dao (meaning “Yellow Rock Island”), Kulumpol ng Panatag (meaning “Panatag Shoal”), and Minzhu Reef (meaning “Democracy Reef”) respectively. The paper explores both the history of naming and the usa...

Governance, 2020

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

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The South China Sea dispute which has spilled over from the twentieth to the twenty-first century, is yet to find an amicable solution. The root cause of this tension is the dispute among the various claimants as regards the procurement of energy resources and securing territorial legitimacy. The entry of the US into the picture has further complicated the problem. In order to evolve a congenial regional environment, the disputing countries must evolve a collaborative outlook, not confrontationist, and adopt a regional perspective rather than proceed from their national interest only and take recourse to multilateral mechanisms as a means to reduce tension in the region. If the prognosis that the '21st century is the century of Asia' is to be made a reality, then the economic prosperity and development of the Asian region will be essential, for which, all the disputing countries should change their mindset from local to global level and keep the South China Sea region as less tensionprone as possible. Vietnam's relations with China have involved a complex interplay of threats, conquest and domination, based on national interest and ideology. For over a thousand years, the Vietnamese have time and again felt a threat to their independence from the north. The historical record clearly exhibits that China had annexed Vietnam many times. However, on several occasions, though Chinese invasions were successfully resisted by the Vietnamese armed forces, armed conflicts proved to be costly enterprises, involving heavy damage of property, great

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TEKA , 2016

South China Sea rated geopolitically, economically and strategically. It has been seen as the 'hot spot' that could be a source of tension in East Asia. Nicholas Spykman described the region as the 'Asiatic Mediterranean', while more recently, the term 'Chinese Caribbean' has been gaining favor and popularity, owing mainly to the ever-increasing importance of China in the region its efforts to play the role of a regional hegemon. The disputes in the South China Sea are complex, sometimes misunderstood, and it seems to be very difficult to propose more or less realistic scenarios for the foreseeable future.