ECG Generator for Educational Biomedical Engineering Laboratory

International Journal of Medical Science, 2014

This paper the design and development of Micro-controller based ECG simulator intended to use in testing, calibration and maintenance of ECG machines and to support biomedical engineering student's education. It generates all 12lead ECG signals of varying heart rate, amplitude and different noise contamination in a manner which reflects true noninvasive conditions. Since standard commercially available electronic components were used to construct the prototype simulator, the proposed design was also relatively inexpensive to produce. It is portable battery operated instrument with alphanumeric LCD display and keyboard for waveform selection. The operator can control the amplitudes of various signals and the name of selected signal will appear on 16X2 LCD display. The aim of the ECG tester is to produce the typical ECG waveforms of different leads combinations and as many arrhythmias as possible. The ECG simulator enables us to analyze and study normal and abnormal ECG waveforms without actually connecting it patients. During testing of ECG machines it is not possible to connect it to patient hence this instrument facilitates to the task. This can also used as teaching aid for Engineering and medical college laboratories for cardiac signal study and testing [3].

2011

This paperwork presents the design and test of a microcontroller-based ECG (electrocardiogram) simulator. The ECG simulator is capable of generating nine ECG signals and a calibrated square wave (1 Hz, 1 mV at Lead II). The synthesized signals are: normal sinus rhythm (60 beats per minute – BPM, and 90 BPM), sinus bradycardia (30 BPM), sinus tachycardia (120, 180 and 240 BPM), sinus rhythm with tall T wave (6EC0 BPM), ventricular tachycardia (120 BPM), and a rhythm for asynchronous ventricular pacemaker (60 BPM). The simulated ECG signals can have their amplitudes continuously varied from zero to 2 mV at lead II, through a panel potentiometer, whose knob position does not affect the amplitude of the square wave calibrated signal. The technique used to synthesize the ECG signals, a modified direct digital synthesis (DDS), appeared superior in permitting the generation of signals of very good quality and yet using a relatively small amount of memory. This latter feature enabled the us...

This article reports the design and development of an ECG simulator intended for use in the testing calibration and maintenance of electrocardiographic equipment. It generates a lead II signal having a profile that varies with heart rate in a manner which reflects the true in-vivo variation. Facilities are provided for user adjustment of heart rate, signal amplitude, QRS complex up-slope, and the relative amplitudes of the P-wave and T-wave. The heart rate can be set within the range 30-200 beats/minute in steps of 1 beat/minute. The amplitude of the QRS complex can be adjusted from 0.1-20mV in 0.1mV steps, while its up-slope can be set between 10 and 50ms with a 1ms resolution. The amplitude of the P-wave can be varied from 5-40% and that of the T-wave from 10-80% of the amplitude of the QRS complex with a 1% resolution.

This paper deals with the removal of noise and base wander in the transfer of ECG data from the patients to the doctor. The process of the project is receiving ECG signals from the patient and reading the data in PC using an Arduino (an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software) board, and then the signal is subjected to the removal of noise and base wander by amplification circuits in LabView (a system design software) software. Thus obtained ECG signal is sent to the doctors using an Ethernet cable or LAN connection. This enables the doctors to monitor any number of patients more accurately by sitting in a single room.

Indonesian Journal of electronics, electromedical engineering, and medical informatics

Medical equipment functional test and calibration is a routine activity that must be carried on periodically. Electrocardiograph (ECG) requires an ECG phantom to calibrate the function. This calibrator is commonly called ECG signal simulator. The purpose of this study is to design a simple ECG signal simulator with ten leads of signals that can be used to test ECG recorders with standard recording procedures. With the ECG signal simulator that was designed and made, the development of signal patterns can be made as needed. The normal human cardiac signal displayed on the ECGSIM software. The potential value that displayed on ECGSIM software can be extracted manually and assembled as a flash program of microcontroller, so this microcontroller will generate some digital code by each parallel port. This digital code then converted as an analog signal by DAC. The electrocardiograph signal simulator output is an analog signal that identical with each lead according to the recording meth...

2005

The proposed Physiological Signal Processing Laboratory incorporates important new concepts to further its utility as a vehicle for biomedical engineering educational use. The Laboratory incorporates the physical construction, testing and analysis of eight signal processing circuit modules, introduced as lessons. Each module can be characterized through measurement with a BIOPAC MP35 data acquisition system and a student-built square wave generator. The modules are combined sequentially to create a sophisticated and functional electrocardiogram (ECG) amplification and processing system. By the final lesson, the completed ECG Signal Processor will provide meaningful outputs from signals sourced from the student's own body. Through the application of a single, easy-to-use data acquisition system and associated software to a breadboard circuitry laboratory, students can build, test and analyze signal processing modules, verify their performance against mathematical simulation using graphical comparisons, combine modules, collect physiological signals sourced from their own bodies, and evaluate the results. By developing the complete ECG Signal Processor, module by module (as eight lessons), students develop an understanding of system design and development methodologies. In addition, when collecting data directly from their own bodies, students' curiosity is stimulated to create an environment more amenable to inquiry-based learning.

Jurnal Teknokes

Electrocardiograph (ECG) is one of the diagnostic sciences that is often studied in modern medicine, used to detect damage to the components of the heart or disorders of the heart rhythm called arrhythmias. The purpose of this research is to develop an Electrocardiograph simulator that is equipped with arrhythmia. The main design consists of an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, MCP4921 DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) circuit, a network resistor, and a sensitivity selection circuit. The MCP4921 type DAC converts the digital signal data into analog data which will then be forwarded to the resistor network circuit as a signal formation for each lead. The basic signal image data used for the formation of normal Electrocardiograph and arrhythmias were taken from the Electrocardiograph recorder using Phantom Electrocardiograph. Based on the readings on the Beat Per Minute setting of the module to the Beat Per Minute printout on the Electrocardiograph recorder, the error rate value for ...

11th International Conference on Information Science and Information Literacy, 2020

This article presents the design, development, and testing of a low-cost ECG simulator that can be used successfully in higher education institutions and other institutions dealing with medical equipment checking medical equipment. The practical realization of an EKG simulator combines both medical notions and notions of electronics, specific to the field of medical engineering. In this article, in the first part notions related to the anatomy of the cardiac system will be detailed, with the help of these notions you will better understand how an electrocardiograph (ECG) works, which reads the electrical impulses of the heart transformed into waveforms. The second part of the paper is the practical part of this project, the design of the electrical circuit, the simulation, and the practical realization (soldering the electronic components on a PCB and final assembly of all ECG components by integrating them into a specific housing). The last phase is dedicated to testing the device on a vital function monitor that belongs to a Cardiolife defibrillator. This simulator can perform 2 phases, a 60 bpm signal and a 120 bpm signal, having a button attached to the housing to change the signal, the difference of the signal is signaled by a green LED that is also on the surface plastic housing. The EKG simulator is mainly a signal generator, which mimics the signal generated by the human body.

2008

This paper reports the design and development of Digital Signal Controller (DSPIC)-based ECG simulator intended to use in testing, calibration and maintenance of electrocardiographic equipment, and to support biomedical engineering students' education. It generates all 12 healthy ECG derivation signals having a profile that varies with heart rate, amplitude, and different noise contamination in a manner which reflects true in vivo conditions. The heart rate can be set at the range of 30 to 120 beats/minute in four steps. The noise and power line interference effects can be set at the range of 0 to 20 dB in three steps. Since standard commercially available electronic components were used to construct the prototype simulator, the proposed design was also relatively inexpensive to produce.

This paper deals with the study and analysis of ECG signal processing by means of MATLAB tool effectively. Study of ECG signal includes generation & simulation of ECG signal, acquisition of real time ECG data, ECG signal filtering & processing, feature extraction, comparison between different ECG signal analysis algorithms & techniques (i.e. Wavlet transform or so), detection of any abnormalities in ECG, calculating beat rate and so on using the most familiar and multipurpose MATLAB software along with LABVIEW. The proper utilization of MATLAB functions (both built-in and user defined), toolbox and Simulink can lead us to work with ECG signals for processing and analysis both in real time and by simulation with great accuracy and convenience.