Geographical Framework for Converting Urban Waste to Energy

2020

The municipal solid wastes (MSW) can be turned into resources through recycling and energy recovery. To obtain the maximum amount of energy, the appropriate technology must be applied to waste treatment. The composition and characteristics of municipal solid wastes are determinant for technologies choice for MSW in a city/region. Municipal authorities from the Galati city proposed a recovery rate of recyclable materials of 60% from MSW and treatment of the post-recycling MSW as follow: biodegradable fraction by anaerobic digestion and the combustible fraction by incineration or gasification. In this study traditional and innovative waste to energy technologies have been analysed and the potential of electrical energy of waste has been estimated. Results show that plasma gasification system of raw MSW coupled with gas turbine engine has almost the same electrical energy production (32.92 GWh/year) as conventional gasification of combustible material from MSW (17.21GWh/year) coupled w...

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a global environmental problem. Its quantity is increasing with corresponding increase in population. Safe disposal of MSW is a big challenge for municipal authorities. One way of disposal of MSW is in landfill sits and the other is to make its beneficial use as fuel for power generation. MSW is easily available in abundance and is a cheap source of energy for power generation. Solid waste incinerator can remove up to 99.9999 percent of all toxins from their emissions and as such are no more harmful to the environment; in comparison MSW landfills emit methane-gas, and leachates that are hazardous for environment and ground water. This research study has examined the possibility of waste to energy project for capital city of Pakistan, and has carried out its technical and financial feasibility analysis. This technically feasible and cost effective project will not only solve the MSW disposal problem, but would improve the environment of the city along with providing electricity and saving precious foreign exchange used for import of fuel.

District heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. These systems require high investments which are returned through the heat sales. Due to the changed climate conditions and building renovation policies, heat demand in the future could decrease, prolonging the investment return period. The main scope of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the heat demand -outdoor temperature function for heat demand forecast. The district of Alvalade, located in Lisbon (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665 buildings that vary in both construction period and typology. Three weather scenarios (low, medium, high) and three district renovation scenarios were developed (shallow, intermediate, deep). To estimate the error, obtained heat demand values were compared with results from a dynamic heat demand model, previously developed and validated by the authors. The results showed that when only weather change is considered, the margin of error could be acceptable for some applications (the error in annual demand was lower than 20% for all weather scenarios considered). However, after introducing renovation scenarios, the error value increased up to 59.5% (depending on the weather and renovation scenarios combination considered). The value of slope coefficient increased on average within the range of 3.8% up to 8% per decade, that corresponds to the decrease in the number of heating hours of 22-139h during the heating season (depending on the combination of weather and renovation scenarios considered). On the other hand, function intercept increased for 7.8-12.7% per decade (depending on the coupled scenarios). The values suggested could be used to modify the function parameters for the scenarios considered, and improve the accuracy of heat demand estimations.

District heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. These systems require high investments which are returned through the heat sales. Due to the changed climate conditions and building renovation policies, heat demand in the future could decrease, prolonging the investment return period. The main scope of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the heat demand – outdoor temperature function for heat demand forecast. The district of Alvalade, located in Lisbon (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665 buildings that vary in both construction period and typology. Three weather scenarios (low, medium, high) and three district renovation scenarios were developed (shallow, intermediate, deep). To estimate the error, obtained heat demand values were compared with results from a dynamic heat demand model, previously developed and validated by the authors. The results showed that when only weather change is considered, the margin of error could be acceptable for some applications (the error in annual demand was lower than 20% for all weather scenarios considered). However, after introducing renovation scenarios, the error value increased up to 59.5% (depending on the weather and renovation scenarios combination considered). The value of slope coefficient increased on average within the range of 3.8% up to 8% per decade, that corresponds to the decrease in the number of heating hours of 22-139h during the heating season (depending on the combination of weather and renovation scenarios considered). On the other hand, function intercept increased for 7.8-12.7% per decade (depending on the coupled scenarios). The values suggested could be used to modify the function parameters for the scenarios considered, and improve the accuracy of heat demand estimations. Abstract The concept of energy from waste is getting popular nowadays across the globe, as being capable of producing multi fuels and value-added products from different fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW). The energy recovery technologies under this concept are anaerobic digestion (AD), pyrolysis, transesterification, refuse derived fuel (RDF) and incineration. This concept is very relevant to implementation in countries like Saudi Arabia, who wants to cut their dependence on oil. Moreover, the waste to energy becomes the imperative need of the time because of new governmental policy 'Vision 2030' that firmly said to produce renewable energy from indigenous sources of waste, wind and solar and due to given situations of Hajj and Umrah with massive amounts of waste generation in a short period. This study focused on two waste to energy technologies, AD and pyrolysis for food (40% of MSW) and plastic (20% of MSW) waste streams respectively. The energy potential of 1409.63 and 5619.80 TJ can be produced if all of the food and plastic waste of the Madinah city are processed through AD and pyrolysis respectively. This is equivalent to 15.64 and 58.81 MW from biogas and pyrolytic oil respectively or total 74.45 MW of continuous electricity supply in Madinah city throughout the whole year. It has been estimated that the development of AD and pyrolysis technologies will also benefit the economy with net savings of around US $63.51 and US $53.45 million respectively, totaling to an annual benefit of US $116.96 million. Therefore, in Saudi Arabia and particularly in Holiest cities of Makkah and Madinah the benefits of waste to energy are several, including the development of renewable-energy, solving MSW problems, new businesses, and job creation and improving environmental and public health. Abstract The concept of energy from waste is getting popular nowadays across the globe, as being capable of producing multi fuels and value-added products from different fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW). The energy recovery technologies under this concept are anaerobic digestion (AD), pyrolysis, transesterification, refuse derived fuel (RDF) and incineration. This concept is very relevant to implementation in countries like Saudi Arabia, who wants to cut their dependence on oil. Moreover, the waste to energy becomes the imperative need of the time because of new governmental policy 'Vision 2030' that firmly said to produce renewable energy from indigenous sources of waste, wind and solar and due to given situations of Hajj and Umrah with massive amounts of waste generation in a short period. This study focused on two waste to energy technologies, AD and pyrolysis for food (40% of MSW) and plastic (20% of MSW) waste streams respectively. The energy potential of 1409.63 and 5619.80 TJ can be produced if all of the food and plastic waste of the Madinah city are processed through AD and pyrolysis respectively. This is equivalent to 15.64 and 58.81 MW from biogas and pyrolytic oil respectively or total 74.45 MW of continuous electricity supply in Madinah city throughout the whole year. It has been estimated that the development of AD and pyrolysis technologies will also benefit the economy with net savings of around US $63.51 and US $53.45 million respectively, totaling to an annual benefit of US $116.96 million. Therefore, in Saudi Arabia and particularly in Holiest cities of Makkah and Madinah the benefits of waste to energy are several, including the development of renewable-energy, solving MSW problems, new businesses, and job creation and improving environmental and public health.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013

The emerging model of waste disposal, develops an integrated approach based on waste reduction, selection, recycling, energy recovery and residual use of landfill. Here we discuss the fundamentals of a proper planning of waste disposal system, specially the thermal recovery, the integration and the methodological approach, either from the environmental and economic point of view.

International Journal of Materials Engineering and Technology

With no doubt, the state of the environment in Bangladesh's urban regions is deteriorating day by day due to pollution for several causes. One of the most important factors is inappropriate solid waste management. Solid waste generation is a major issue in metropolitan settings, and its disposal is a requirement for both the city government and the general public. Waste is an issue that is impossible to solve only by the government; nevertheless, right policies, laws, effective strategies, adequate administration, and increased public awareness may help to preserve the environment from pollution. Furthermore, by properly treating hazardous solid waste, energy can be recovered. This study examines solid waste generation, waste management systems, their drawbacks, and the environmental and public health impacts of poor waste management in the Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. Finally, the find out talks about the extraordinary strength recoverable techniques such as bio-composting, incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, recycling and makes some advice on how to decorate the stable waste administration system.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES, 2022

Systematic waste management is one of an important issue in present days due to improper waste disposal leads to high environmental risks. It is observed from the exploration that the best and the most feasible waste to energy technology is anaerobic digestion for organic and incineration for plastic waste. This study assesses the different waste-to-energy technologies based on the waste characteristics the emerging technologies are used to produce different by-products such as biogas, heat, electricity, fuel and compost and focus on environmental aspects of optimal disposal and management methods of waste and their compositions in different regions in India for Resource recovery. The waste to energy process should expand to all the regions to meet the sustainable development and energy problems with best practices

The quantity of solid waste produced in city depends on the type of the city, its population, living standards of the residents and degree of commercialization, industrialization and various activities prevailing in the city. Due to rapid growth of population in Amravati municipal corporation area and changing life styles has resulted in increased waste generation. Consequently, waste management has become a key issue needing to be addressed. Amravati city generates about 184.90 tons municipal solid waste per day Handling of MSW is the responsibility of the Amravati Municipal Corporation (AMC) and Solid waste management strategies adopted by AMC includes management of MSW at compost depot, management of biomedical waste, and implementation of MSW rules 2000. But these present facilities are falling short and hence new Landfill site proposal is sanctioned for AMC. With the fast depletion of the conventional resources and the growing awareness and concern regarding the environmental effects of their utilization, there has been a major thrust in the recent past to identify and develop alternate energy sources. The present paper is based on the study carried out on Solid Waste Management Practice by Amravati Municipal Corporation for Amravati City. The outline of existing situation of solid waste management system, and various possibilities to recover energy from waste are discussed. This paper is an attempt made to find out various possibilities of recovering energy from the solid waste that is generated per day in the Amravati city. The waste to energy industry has proven itself to be an environmentally friendly solution to the disposal of municipal solid waste and the production of energy. Waste-to-energy is now a clean, renewable, sustainable source of energy. The estimation of energy content of municipal solid waste in Amravati city Municipal Corporation is discussed in this paper.

TERI Information Monitor on Environmental Science, Vol - 5, No.1, June 2000, p. 1 - 11 , 2000

Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2021

This paper presents an overview of the current municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Rasht City, Guilan Province, Iran, followed by evaluating the potential for waste-to-energy. The data of different MSW functional elements were collected from previous works, available reports, interviews and meetings with specialists in the field. About 800 tons MSWs are generated in Rasht per day, of those, over 75% are organic wastes followed by paper and cardboard comprising 5.9%. The daily theoretical energy contained in the city MSWs was estimated to be over 591.62 megawatt hour (MWh, over 215942.54 MWh per year). Almost 500 tons of daily MSWs are directly transferred to Saravan as the biggest landfill in north of Iran with an area of about 30 ha, while the remaining portion is treated in the Guilan composting plant. Landfill mining calculations showed that we could recycle about 3008947, 36793, 61443 and 18366 tons of plastics, textile, wood and rubbers collected from Saravan landfill respectively. A simple assessment of waste-to-energy potentials from organic wastes using operational conversion coefficients revealed that by employing the combination of waste-to-energy and gas turbine technology, an estimated energy of 227.668 MWh can be produced from the Rasht daily food wastes. Although MSW management in Rasht has been improved over the last decade owing to the establishment of waste recycling and composting organization, however it is still far from the standard situation due to lack of comprehensive waste management planning, financial resources and infrastructures.