Monitoring of Heart Ischemia in Blood Serum

Current Metabolomics, 2016

Background: Blood serum is characteristic mixture of naturally occurring endogenous fluorophores which are sensitive to endogenous and exogenous stress during physiological as well as pathological processes in the body. Methods: Dynamic changes of blood serum in patients with positive troponin and creatine kinase during myocardial infarction compared to control blood serum of healthy subjects were studied by synchronous fluorescence fingerprint and atomic force microscopy at 0, 1 st , 16 th , and 24 th hour time points. Results: While creatine kinase and troponin T values were in physiological range, fluorescence intensity of patient´s blood serum was significantly increased at λ = 280 nm, p < 0.001 at the first zero time point. In addition, at spectrum record appeared a second fluorescence peak place at λ = 306 nm in comparison with control blood serum fluorescence. Blood serum proteins changed structure from globular to fibrils during acute myocardial infarction in early 0 and 1 st hour timepoints in comparison to control samples with regularly arranged globular proteins studied by atomic force microscopy. Otherwise, creatine kinase and troponin T values were positive in blood serum of patients several hours after beginning of acute myocardial infarction while fluorescence intensity exhibited decrease. Conversion of fibrils to irregular bigger globular proteins in comparison to blood serum with regular smaller globular proteins in control during later 16 th and 24 th hour time points was observed. Conclusion: Mentioned new nontraditional techniques may be used in future for the early study of progress of the various cardiovascular diseases in patients with differential diagnosis which in daily practice meets some difficulties.

Annals of surgery, 1977

A direct, noninvasive method of assessing the oxidation-reduction potential of an intramyocardial respiratory chain component is described. The technique is based on the differences in spectral properties between the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The tissue surface fluorescence from intracellular NADH may be measured and documented photographically. Noose occlusion of a coronary artery produced detectable NADH fluorescence in 15 seconds in the subtended ischemic epicardium. This fluorescence of reduced pyridine nucleotide resolved following 60 seconds of reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium. The reduction of epicardial NADH with ischemia is a rapid and reversible process. A subsequent noose reocclusion resulted in a reproducible pattern of fluorescence. The technique of NADH fluorescence photography appears superior to current methods of assessing tissue oxygen supply:demand.

Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2011

The conduction system of the heart is a specific muscular tissue, where a heartbeat signal originates and initiates the depolarization of the ventricles. The muscular origin makes it complicated to distinguish the conduction system from the surrounding tissues. A surgical intervention can lead to the accidental harm of the conduction system, which may eventually result in a dangerous obstruction of the heart functionality. Therefore, there is an immense necessity for developing a helpful method to visualize the conduction system during the operation time. The specimens for the spectroscopic studies were taken from nine diverse human hearts. The localization of distinct types of the tissue was preliminary marked by the pathologist and approved histologically after the spectral measurements. Variations in intensity, as well as in shape, were detected in autofluorescence spectra of different heart tissues. The most distinct differences were observed between the heart conduction system and the surrounding tissues under 330 and 380 nm excitation. The spectral region around 460 nm appeared to be the most suitable for an unambiguous differentiation of the human conduction system avoiding the absorption peak of blood. The visualization method, based on the intensity ratios calculated for two excitation wavelengths, was also demonstrated.

Analytical Chemistry, 2007

and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), were quantified at biological levels and in undiluted serum without sample pretreatment using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. To achieve detection of biomarkers in undiluted serum (72 mg/mL total protein concentration), minimization of the nonspecific signal from the serum protein was achieved by immobilizing the antibody for the biomarkers on an N-hydroxysuccinimide activated 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid self-assembled monolayer. This monolayer reduces the nonspecific signal from serum proteins in such a manner that short exposure of the sensor to serum prior to analysis prevents any further nonspecific adsorption during analysis. Thus, sensing of MG and cTnI was achieved on the basis of the difference between signals from the active sensor and a reference sensor that captured background interference. This resulted in direct measurement of these biomarkers in undiluted serum. Detection limits for both markers were below 1 ng/mL, which is below the threshold needed to detect myocardial infarction. Detecting biomarkers in the low ng/mL range without signal amplification in such a complex matrix as serum corresponds to a selectivity of 10 8 . The root-meansquare-error (RMSE) of calibration was below 2 ng/mL. (1) Battaglia, T. M.; Masson, J. F.; Sierks, M.; Beaudoin, S.; Rogers, J.; Foster, K. N.; Holloway, G. A.; Booksh, K. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 7016-7023. (2) Masson, J. F.; Battaglia, T. M.; Davidson, M. J.; Kim, Y. C.; Prakash, A. M. C.; Beaudoin, S.; Booksh, K. S. Talanta 2005, 67, 918-925. (3) Masson, J. F.; Battaglia, T. M.; Kim, Y. C.; Prakash, A.; Beaudoin, S.; Booksh, K. S. Talanta 2004, 64, 716-725. (4) Kyo, M.; Usui-Aoki, K.; Koga, H. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 7115-7121.

Lithuanian Journal of Physics, 2011

During the heart surgery there is a possibility to harm the conduction system of the heart (HCS), which may cause dangerous obstruction of the heart functionality. The muscular origin makes it complicated to distinguish HCS from the surrounding tissues; therefore, there is an immense necessity to visualise HCS during the operation time. Optical methods carry information about intrinsic properties of the tissue and provide the unique possibility to study the objects non-invasively. The experiments were performed on the human heart tissue specimens ex vivo. HCS, myocardium (MC), and connective tissue (CT) were preliminary marked by a pathologist and histologically approved after the spectral measurements. The spectrometer FLS920 (Edinburgh Instruments) was used for steady state and time-resolved fluorescence registration. Fluorescence was exited using a 405 nm pulsed laser. Spectral analysis revealed that at least three fluorophores are responsible for the emission in the region of 430-550 nm. According to the lifetimes, the fluorescing constituents in all tissues should be the same. The fractional components of fluorescence intensity revealed a similar composition of MC and HCS; however, quantitative differences were observed between HCS and CT.

The conduction system of the heart (HCS) is a type of muscular tissue which generates and transmits bioelectrical impulses. During surgical operations it is possible to harm HCS, since the common origin makes it hardly discernible for an unaided eye in the surroundings of ordinary myocardium (MC) or endocardium. The aim of this study was to reveal the protein composition differences between His bundle (HB) and MC tissues and to determine the distribution of fluorophores in these tissues. This in turn would help to visualize HCS by means of optical-fluorescence biopsy. It has been shown that fluorescence of the soluble fractions of heart tissues is mainly determined by tryptophan (W) and tyrosine (Y) residue emission, while fluorophores, respon-sible for the fluorescence in the visible region, were found to be hardly extractable from tissues and precipitated out as the insoluble fraction. According to SDS-PAGE, some protein groups specific to MC and HB were revealed. Some SDS-PAGE ge...

2006

The conduction system of the heart (HCS) is a type of muscular tissue which generates and transmits bioelectrical impulses. During surgical operations it is possible to harm HCS, since the common origin makes it hardly discernible for an unaided eye in the surroundings of ordinary myocardium (MC) or endocardium. The aim of this study was to reveal the protein composition differences between His bundle (HB) and MC tissues and to determine the distribution of fluorophores in these tissues. This in turn would help to visualize HCS by means of optical-fluorescence biopsy. It has been shown that fluorescence of the soluble fractions of heart tissues is mainly determined by tryptophan (W) and tyrosine (Y) residue emission, while fluorophores, responsible for the fluorescence in the visible region, were found to be hardly extractable from tissues and precipitated out as the insoluble fraction. According to SDS-PAGE, some protein groups specific to MC and HB were revealed. Some SDS-PAGE gel...

The Analyst, 2009

Heart disease is by far the biggest killer in the United States, and type II diabetes, which affects 8% of the U.S. population, is on the rise. In many cases, the acute coronary syndrome and/or sudden cardiac death occurs without warning. Atherosclerosis has known behavioral, genetic and dietary risk factors. However, our laboratory studies with animal models and human post-mortem tissue using FT-IR microspectroscopy reveal the chemical microstructure within arteries and in the arterial walls themselves. These include spectra obtained from the aortas of ApoE −/− knockout mice on sucrose and normal diets showing lipid deposition in the former case. Also pre-aneurysm chemical images of knockout mouse aorta walls, and spectra of plaque excised from a living human patient are shown for comparison. In keeping with the theme of the SPEC 2008 conference Spectroscopic Diagnosis of Disease this paper describes the background and potential value of a new catheter-based system to provide in vivo biochemical analysis of plaque in human coronary arteries. We report the following:

Lithuanian Journal of Physics, 2004

Fluorescence measurements have been employed for the spectroscopic characterization of heart tissues. Excitation at the absorption band of the aromatic amino acids allows good differentiation between tissues of the bundle of His and those of myocardium when the ratios of the fluorescence intensities measured at 340 nm to those at 450 nm are compared. Several fluorophores with overlapping fluorescence bands are responsible for autofluorescence of heart tissues in the spectral range from 350 to 550 nm. The tissues of the bundle of His and myocardium are distinguishable by fluorescence intensity under excitation in the UVA spectral region. The best conditions are ensured by the excitation range of 360-390 nm and by recording of the fluorescence signal in the 440-480 nm spectral range.

International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 2019

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the most frequent cause of adult death in industrial societies and is increasingly important in developing countries like India. In the year 2000 the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology Committee jointly redefined Myocardial Infarction (MI) by an elevation of cardiology troponin T (Trop T) and cardiac troponin (cTn) is diagnostic and high sensitivity of cTn for detection of even small amounts of myocardial necrosis. Presently Troponin are the most prominent biomarker of cardiac injury is 1 cardiac biomarker which a clinician can use at the bedside of the patient for risk stratification of cardiac injury and have relegated conventional biomarkers like CK-MB to 2 place. This is so because Cardiac Troponic are highly cardiac tissue specific unlike conventional biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Diagnosed ischemic heart disease (IHD) and hypertensive (HTN) patients were taken as cases, out of these divided into tw...