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Home and work are two different worlds for working women and are often in conflict. Married working women are faced with problems in performing different roles, such as being a wife, a mother, a housekeeper, and an employee. The major problem a married woman faces is the tension or conflict arising from her multiple roles. The study aimed to determine: 1) how the working wives (the participants) roles were described in terms of their basic orientations towards gender role in the family; 2) how pregnancy, parenthood, success in their career affect their relationship with their husbands; 3)who, between them and their husbands, do most of the housework and child care; 4) how working wives dual role affect their life; and 5) measures to be adopted to help working wives solve dual role conflict. Thus, this study focused only on the dual role conflict that arises between the wife and the husband.
Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji intensiti konflik antara peranan kerja dan keluarga yang dialami oleh pekerja wanita yang telah berkahwin, orientasi peranan gender bagi suami mereka, dan perkaitan antara orientasi peranan gender bagi suami dan konflik antara peranan keluarga dan kerja bagi wanita. Respons daripada 125 pasangan jururawat serta suami, daripada keluarga dwi-pekerjaan, berkenaan konflik antara peranan kerja dan keluarga dan orientasi peranan gender diperoleh melalui borang soalselidik dan dianalisis. Hasil penyelidikan menunjukkan wan ita mengalami konflik antara peranan keluarga dan kerja dengan intensiti yang berbeza. Hampir satu pertiga daripadajururawat mengalami kont1ik dengan intensiti yang tinggi, manakala lebih sedikit daripada satu pertiga mengalami konflik dengan intensiti yang rendah. Orientasi peranan gender bagi suami berkisar di sekitar tradisional hingga egalitarian, dengan satu per empat daripada mereka mempunyai orientasi traditional terhadap peranan gender dan lebih sedikit daripadajumlah ini mempunyai orientasi egalitarian. Di antara tiga dimensi orientasi yang dikaji, ia itu, sikap terhadap pekerjaan, pembahagian kerja dan struktur kuasa berasaskan gender, orientasi suami adalah tradisional terhadap struktur kuasa iaitu terhadap wanita memegang jawatan kepimpinan. Orientasi mereka terhadap pembahagian kerja mengikut gender adalah bukan tradisional dan bukan pula egalitarian, manakala orientasi mereka terhadap pekerjaan berasaskan gender adalah lebih egalitarian. Terdapat perkaitan negatif yang signifikan antara orientasi suami terhadap peranan gender dan konflik antara peranan kerja dan keluarga yang dialami oleh isteri.
Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities
Penyelidikan ini mengkaji konflik di antara peranan kerja dan keluarga bagi wanita yang telah berkah"in, serta strategi pengurusan konflik lersebut. Dala dari 82 wanita profesional dari enam inslitut penyelidikan menunjukkan wanita-wanita ini mengalami konflik di antara peranan kerja dan keluarga dengan intensiti yang berbeza, dalam usaha untuk memenuhi tuntutan setiap peranan. Mereka mengurangkan konflik dengan mengguna strategi reaktif serta mengubah sikap dan persepsi diri lerhadap tuntutan peranan. Kedua-dua strategi ini lebih selalu digunakan berbanding dengan slrategi pendefinisian semula peranan secara struktur yang melibatkan pengubahan harapan ahli-ahli dalam set peranan seperti ahli keluarga, rakan-rakan dan ketua di tempat kelja, dan masyarakat. Implikasi hasil kajian terhadap wanita yang berkerja serta cadangan penyelidikan selanjutnya dibincangkan.
In recent times, there have been an increasing number of women participating in the labor force. This helps them to contribute to the family income and to achieve economic independence. Although women involvements in employment contribute to family income, they are facing challenges in managing family as well as their job profession. It may conflict between work and family when they are performing dual roles. Several factors can be pointed to as the causes of working mothers' challenges in their family, ideological factors are certainly very important. In many societies, the arrangements of household works especially housework and childcare sharing are still dominated by traditional attitudes. In traditional patriarchal societies, men are considered as the breadwinner whereas women are viewed as homemakers. These attitudes may increase working mothers' challenges in their family. More specifically, this article poses the questions; what are problems faced by working in their...
An Exploratory Study of Married Working Women, Work-Life Balance; Problems and Solutions
Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to explore the problems faced by married working mothers in Karachi, who are educated and have professional qualification but find it difficult to continue their jobs especially after becoming mothers. What are those factors that held them back from moving forward in their professional life? Further we have also analyzed those women who were able to continue even after becoming the mothers. In this way we have concluded that what is the work place or family solutions these women have and if all of the women provided with some of these facilities then they don’t have to let go their career and professional lives. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research is qualitative in nature. The sample size of 12 has been selected which is evaluated through structured interviews. Later, on the basis of interviews the emerging themes and patterns have been studied. It is based on post positivistic approach. The issues these women are facing in the current dynamics might change in future as these facilities will be taken for granted by their organizations. Findings: It has been noticed that those women who are provided with work place facilities such as Daycare facilities for their children, work from home facility (at least once a week), support from in laws and support from others (could be extended family members or neighbors). Such women seem to be more productive and they are able to enjoy a healthy work life balance as compare to those who do not have any such facilities. Originality/value: These work place solutions can be ground-breaking work for educated Pakistani women who want to pursue their career throughout (before and after getting married) and can be fruitful for the society.
The Spanish journal of psychology, 2009
Over last century, work was not only a means of economic survival, but also a very strong factor of psychological structuring and of organization of personal, family, and everyday life. The new world of work provides new challenges to the balance of work and family life. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 453 people with the aim of analyzing the relation between variables such as family burdens and domestic responsibilities, and the appraisal of work and family, values involved in work-family balance. The results of this study show that, in the present economic and cultural context, assuming family burdens and domestic responsibilities increases the positive appraisal of work and family, both in men and women. This has theoretical and practical implications concerning the challenge of work-family balance.
IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 2016
Women domestic worker's one class is currently working in the informal sector in India, which is still unrecognized and unprotected from the boundaries of jurisdiction. Women domestic workers come from their house in searchof employment. They work to give financial support to their family due to the poverty and increasing inflation in the country. While working they have to maintain collaboration between their work and family life. Most of the time it is difficult for working woman to maintain coordination between their work & family and due to that the dispute may be created in the family environment. Apart from the family problems, the women domestic worker's living condition is not good as compared to the upper or middle class. Basically the families of women domestic workers come under lower class of the society. They have to face so many problems in their day to day life. In this paper, the researchers try to study the work-life balance of women domestic workers and how it impacts on their personal as well as family.
Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2017
The study examined the needs, difficulties and coping mechanisms of women professionals. A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized and administered to women professionals in selected private schools in the Philippines. Five hundred thirty-four usable questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, simple ranking and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings indicate that respondents consider spiritual and aesthetic needs, intellectual or cognitive needs and social needs to be their primary concerns. Difficulties that they encounter as they juggle the demands of career and home responsibilities included managing relationships, time and personal rest and recreation. Coping mechanisms most often employed by women to mitigate the impact of pressures of maintaining work-life balance included praying, eating and watching movies which are adaptive, emotion-focused coping behaviours. Recommendations are put forward to help women cope with expectations required of their dual role of career and motherhood.
KnE Social Sciences
The conflict between roles and responsibilities in work and marriage has a significant impact on early adult women. Multiple-role conflict is a form of inter-role conflict in which the role pressures from the work and family domains conflict with each other in several aspects. Spousal social support is an important predictor of multiple-role conflict because it can help couples overcome obstacles and become happier. Thus, couples who receive help from friends or family can help reduce the stress and affective difficulties that daily routines produce. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is an effect of partner social support on multiple-role conflicts in married early adult women. The participants of this study were 150 married early adult women who were working in the Trenggalek district. The multiple-role conflict scale and spousal social support scale were constructed through factor analysis tests to obtain a fit model. Regression analysis showed that social sup...
Organization Management Journal, 2004
Knežević I, et al. Salience and conflict of work and family roles among employed men and women Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016;67:152-163 The aim of this research was to determine the salience of work and family roles and to study the connection between role salience and the interference of different types of roles among working men and women. Self-assessment measurement scales were applied. The research involved 206 participants; 103 employed married couples from different regions of Croatia. The results show that roles closely connected to family are considered the most salient. However, men are mostly dedicated behaviourally to the role of a worker. Women dedicate more time and energy to the roles of a spouse, a parent, and a family member whereas men are more oriented towards the leisurite role. The highest level of conflict was perceived when it comes to work disturbing leisure. Gender differences appeared only for work-to-marriage conflict, with men reporting higher conflict than women. The research found proof of only some low correlations between the salience of different types of roles and work-family conflict.
Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships
Several changes have occurred in the family setting over the last few decades: the insertion of women into the labor market, the growth of dual-career couples, and changes in the traditional and non-traditional structures of men's and women's societal roles. In this context, the Work-Family Conflict (WFC) is a construct of work interference in the family (WIF) and family interference in work (FIW). This study's central objective was to explore the conflict between family and work in a Brazilian context according to the dyadic scope. The study with a survey design was conducted with a Brazilian sample of 65 adult couples (130 individuals). Results showed differences between men and women concerning variables that influence the WFC. Stress at work was the central aspect of WFC. The results contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the issues of WFC in Brazil, dyadic analysis procedures, family and organization interventions.
Equal Opportunities International, 2000
Women in modern societies are simultaneously socialized in two life-spheres ("Doppelte Vergesellschaftung"), orientation towards family and employment coexist more or less compatible over the life span of women (see . In some phases of life the degree of women's employment is higher than in others. Family life and employment are complementary (see . There are less and less women who give up their occupation completely even during the 'infant phase' of their children. Nevertheless the "life for others" often constitutes a setback in both income and career. "Claiming for a piece of one's own life" (see causes in lots of women distinct experiences of ambivalence between the spheres of family and that of employment.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Engineering and Vocational Education (ICIEVE 2021)
Gender inequality that affects work-family conflict has always been the focus of studies around the world. This happens because gender is one of many independent variables which are directly related to work-family conflict. There is frequent disharmony of roles in the demands of work and demands in the family that eventually lead to work-family conflict. Great life pressure accompanied by moral responsibility which is carried out as a mother and worker, often results in mental stress on women. In addition to experiencing mental pressure, conflict of roles experienced by working women also leads to reduced involvement in the family. The method used is a systematic literature review using a number of relevant articles from various journals. After the sorting process is carried out, the articles obtained were studied further. The results of the study show that someone who adheres to the concept of gender inequality produces a negative effect on work-family conflict. Although men and women experience the same effect, but women tend to shoulder a much heavier burden on work-family conflict. Working women who already have families will have a higher tendency to experience work stress, mental pressure, and psychological disorders.
1982
With the attainment of education and economic freedom educated women become conscious of their individual identity-the independent status. But there is a great discrepancy between the idealised concept of women and the real life situation in India which women find themselves. The issues-affecting women's status in India is vast, complex and dynamic. Change in the status of women is a long term aspect of our social progress. The role conflicts of working women result to a great extent from the cleavage between the new social and economic goals (education and employment) and the rigid social structure, above the family structure, which stands in the way of a realisation of these goals. As per norm the family role of woman have priority before all other role. Various factors like a busier working day, wider areas of social interaction and experience and an independent income have some significant consequences on the status, behaviour pattern and the life styles of employed women. This paper is an endeavour to make sociological study of status, role adjustment and role conflict of working women of selected secondary school teachers.
Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi
The advancement of information technology which is growing rapidly in the era of the wave of the industrial revolution has become one of the drivers in changing society. One of the forces of change and development in society is marked by the unstoppable ientry iwomen intoi ithe iworld iof iwork. Some iof ithe impetus that makes many women become workers include economic factors, the fulfillment of a decent standard of living and the increasing demand for female workers. Women who work have role demands simultaneously coming from various types of work responsibilities and roles as wives that can cause conflict both in work and family one of them is a female teacher. Thei iresearch imethod is iquantitative iwith 153 isample female teachers with certain criteria, thei idata werei ianalyzed iusing multiplei ilinear iregression. The results showed that there was a simultaneous irelationship ibetween ijob isatisfaction iand marital satisfaction iwith iWork-Family iConflict on female teach...
The general aim of this study was to examine the contribution of perceived social support from family, the quality of family functioning , attitudes about marital roles, and striving for achievement to the perceived conflict between work and family roles by using a dyadic approach. Namely, the interaction of spouses' perceptions was taken into account (actor and partner effects) in predicting work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts. This study was conducted on a sample of 176 employed married couples in the territory of central and western Herzegovina and central Dalmatia. Self-assessment questionnaires were used. In women, social support from family was a significant predictor for both examined types of work–family conflicts, and partner effects were greater than actor effects, especially for family-to-work conflict. Both part-ners' striving for achievement was a positive predictor of family-to-work conflict in women, while there was only a contribution of the actor striving for achievement to both types of work–family conflict in men. In men, the only partner effect was obtained in the relationship between social support from family and family-to-work conflict. In general, the results indicated that the assessments of male spouses were more related to their wife's work– family conflict than vice versa, and that these variables were more related to family-to-work conflict than to work-to-family conflict.
Work-family conflict occurs when work related demands interfere with home responsibilities and Family-work conflict arises when family responsibilities impede work activities. Both types of conflict have been negatively related to employees' satisfaction. In Sri Lankan context the values and believes of family has been socially and ethically appreciated. But today the market demands of a worker and the family demands being a wife and a mother, a worker is getting the trouble of balancing the both career and the family. The consequence of work-family conflict is a deviation from the existing psychological condition of human life. Therefore, it is important to recognize the variables related to work-family conflict. The population of the study is the dual career couples of private sector garment industry in Horana area in Kalutara district and 10% of the population is taken as the sample. The principle method of the primary data collection will do through standard questionnaire; the random sampling technique will have administered for the study. The variables will have evaluated by the percentage analysis, coefficient of correlation, chi-square analysis and binary logistic regression. The study revealed that role overload, number of leaves, having children whose age less than 5 years and child care arrangements emerged as significant predictors of work-family conflict and family-work conflict of dual career couples.
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