The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations, 2021

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been the most important and successful multilateral military cum political organization, pursuing the agenda of exporting democracy globally and ensuring the mutual defense of its allies. Historically, NATO was formed against the threat of communism emanating from USSR (Russia). The alliance did not use military option till the end of the cold war between the west and USSR, but post-cold war, it transformed and operated in Balkans, South Asia, Horn of Africa, and Middle East. The 9/11 incident further enhanced the military role of the organization and gave it ample reason to act internationally for ensuring the global security. America, being the leader of the alliance used it for fighting the so-called global war on terrorism and its adventures in Middle East. Nevertheless, in the last two decades the organization went through various changes and is now continuously in the state of transformation. The wave of populism which had influenc...

Belügyi Szemle, 2020

NATO has survived until its 70th anniversary, essentially in the same condition as practically every year of its existence. According to commentators and external experts, the Alliance seems to be in a constant crisis, and every new version of the crisis is seen as final and deadly. By contrast, for those who are active internally, NATO seems stronger than ever before - it is engaging in more places than ever before, presenting new initiatives at an unprecedented pace and in ever-longer summit declarations. The problem situation presented in this way allows us to formulate the main research problem: What role does NATO play in shaping the global security system? The research problem formulated in this way consists of detailed problems formulated in the form of questions: 1) What are the current challenges for NATO? 2) What are the current threats to NATO? 3) What is Donald Trump's policy towards NATO? The aim of the presentation is to present an analysis of the role of NATO in e...

After 60 years of existence, the Atlantic Alliance remains the most reliable security organization for the Euro-Atlantic security. Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has succeeded in adapting itself to the new international scenario. Starting from the '90s, NATO has undergone a deep evolution, both in qualitative and quantitative terms. On the one hand, the Alliance transformation consisted in the update of strategic goals, the development of new military means and new partnership frameworks. On the other hand, from being an occasional choice the enlargement has turned out to be an enduring open door policy. Over the course of the last decade, it brought about the admission of twelve new members. The NATO's evolution processes implied a shift from a traditional military pact to a new cooperative organization and from a defensive posture to a new expeditionary role. The depth of these processes entailed a reconsideration of the Alliance raison d'être involving new political and security challenges. These, in turn, have implied different and in some cases contradictory responses from the Allies. The aim of this book is to assess the challenges to NATO enlargement and transformation, offering national perspectives on the Alliance's evolution. Accordingly, the analysis focuses on three different levels - old members, new members and partners - in order to provide an appraisal of convergences and divergences on NATO's changing character and responsibilities.

At the end of the 1940s, the United States and several West European states allied to defend themselves against invasion by the Soviet Union. Balance-ofpower theory predicts the recurrent formation of such balances among states. But it says little about the precise nature of the balance, the principles on which it will be constructed, or its institutional manifestations. 1 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been a peculiar mix. As a formal institution, NATO has through most of its history been distinctly nonmultilateral, with the United States commanding most decision-making power and responsibility. At the same time, NATO provided security to its member states in a way that strongly reflected multilateral principles. 2 Within NATO, security was indivisible. It was based on a general organizing principle, the principle that the external boundaries of alliance territory were completely inviolable and that an attack on any border was an attack on all. Diffuse reciprocity was the norm. In

Critique: a worldwide student journal of politics, 2024

Despite widespread beliefs that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) would become obsolete after the end of the Cold War, it has endured. Initially established in response to the Soviet threat, NATO’s existence after the collapse of the Soviet Union was supposed to be irrelevant. However, NATO, a prominent symbol of the Cold War, continues to function. This paper addresses the main hypotheses explaining NATO's resilience in the post-Cold War era by examining two theoretical perspectives: Realism and Liberalism. Realism assesses NATO's post-Cold War relevance through the lens of power politics and the balance of interests, while Liberalism draws on the concept of interdependence. The conclusion suggests that Realism justifies NATO's endurance due to its shift from power balancing to bandwagoning strategy, thus moving from security-driven alliance to interests-focused organization. Additionally, the Liberalism approach identifies interconnectedness and shared democratic systems as the main factors ensuring NATO's persistence.

NATO was established after World War II as part of the United Nations. Its primary purpose was to defend member nations against the large number of troops in pro-communist countries. The U.S. also wanted to maintain a presence in Europe, to prevent a resurgence of military nationalism and foster political union.

Analysis, 2008

International Affairs, 2004

2021

This paper examines the alliance formation and dissolution among the states in the context of NATO after the Cold War. The ending of the Cold War triggered a scientific battle between the theoretical positions of the international politics. One of the main dimensions of these theoretical debates has been the alliance formation and dissolution. The future of NATO became the theme that the theoretical approaches constitute their rightness. Neorealist, neoliberal institutionalist and constructivist theories were comparatively examined, and they were also criticised in connection with the context of these theories over the alliance formation and dissolution perspectives. Furthermore, the theoretical views were embraced in the case of NATO after the Cold War. After the examination of the literature and the main theoretical positions, I focused on the control management theory of Schroeder over the alliance formation and dissolution. He claimed that the states make alliances to control ot...

2012

It is the fourth in a series of decennial volumes going back to NATO after thirty years, each of which has examined NATO at critical junctures in its existence-1979, 1989, 1999, 2009-and collectively they contribute to a deeper understanding of what has been termed the enduring alliance. Although unable to participate in the conference, Jamie Shea subsequently contributed a concluding chapter, "What Does NATO's New Strategic Concept Say about the Future of the Alliance?" Critical support for the successful organization of the conference and for the editing of this volume came from a number of sources. A grant from NATO's Public Diplomacy Division helped defray costs, along with funding from Kent State University's Libraries and Departments of History and Political Science. Carla Weber contributed important administrative services. As always and his emeritus status notwithstanding, Lawrence (Larry) Kaplan played a vital part in this conference, as for so many earlier ones sponsored by the Lemnitzer Center, which he cofounded more than three decades ago. His is literally the enduring spirit and soul of this academic center, although he humbly understated this role in his introductory presentation at the conference, "Reflections on the Lemnitzer Center's Thirty Years. " The conference benefited from the participation of James Snyder, from NATO's Public Diplomacy Division, who chaired the introductory session and offered insightful observations "from Brussels. " Other panel chairs included Professor Mary Ann Heiss from Kent State's Department of History and Professor Michael Nwanze from Howard University, with whom the Lemnitzer Center has collaborated for more than two decades in cosponsoring a National Model NATO in Washington with participation by undergraduates from universities in the United States, Canada, and, most recently, also from the United Kingdom and Italy. Mark R. Rubin, director emeritus of Kent State's Center for International Programs and associate director emeritus of the Lemnitzer Center, took part in the conference but is no longer with us. In his many professional and nonprofessional ix capacities he parlayed a veritable arsenal of intellectual, organizational, and humanistic assets over the decades. Beneficiaries of his largesse, to include numerous students, are countless. It is only fitting that Mark Rubin, having left such a rich legacy, should have this volume dedicated in his memory. x preface and acknowledgments

Journal of Strategic Security, 2013