9. The post-enlargement migration space

2006

, is law graduate (Law Faculty of the Bucharest Police Academy, specialisation: border police, immigration, asylum and refugees) and holds an MA in High European Studies from the School of High Comparative European Studies (SISEC), West University of Timisoara. Five years experience as immigration and border police officer (both at the Border Police checkpoints and at the "green" border-Romanian border with Serbia and Hungary) and one year as legal adviser (Legal Department of Ministry of Interior). Currently, Mr. Simina is personal adviser to the state secretary for liaison with the Parliament and European Affairs, Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reform, Romanian Government. His project Migratie.ro aims at promoting the inclusion of the migration and mobility studies in the Romanian academic curricula. Mr. Simina is member of World Jurist Association (WJA) and European Economic Association (EEA).

Journal of Identity and Migration …

who acted as a key speaker of the session, focused her presentation on the importance of legal instruments, methods and institutions managing the Romanian labor migration abroad. She pointed out that, in the Romanian case, the main instruments for managing labor force emigration are bilateral agreements between the Romanian Government and the Governments of other states. In addition, Andreescu highlighted the benefits of public institutions' involvement in promoting and supervising legal migration. According to the present legislation in Romania, the Department for Labor Abroad, along with other competent institutions, promotes the protection and safety measures regarding the rights and freedoms of the Romanian citizens working abroad, as well as the prevention of any form of abuse. Moreover, as a result of setting up the institutional and legal framework concerning migration, there is an increased number of Romanians preferring to work legally abroad, usually with a contract, intermediated by the Romanian public institutions, which provides for certain rights and protection. Furthermore, the discussions in this roundtable brought to light a significant issue in dealing with labor migration, namely the availability of reliable statistics. Most participants acknowledged that the task of gathering information on transnational mobility is a challenging one. Andreescu pointed out that building up and centralizing a valid database on migration is difficult, as for instance Romanians use multiple channels (i.e. official contracts, private agencies and personal relations) to get a job abroad. However, most of the Romanian workers, around 48%, obtain a contract abroad on the basis of bilateral agreements, while only 10% are recruited by private work agencies. According to the data gathered by the Department for Labor Abroad from various official sources, there is an estimate of 1.3 million Romanians working abroad legally. Nevertheless, Andreescu claims that there is no reliable information on Romanians abroad having an illegal status. Similar statistical data limitations were reported by participants from other countries too. In order to better grasp the spread of migration phenomenon, Mr. Vasile Ciocan from the University of Oradea, Romania, suggested that one should distinguish between classic migrations (permanent) and circulatory migrations (temporary). He illustrated the usefulness of conceptualizing migration differentially by pointing out that Romanian labor migration falls under the circulatory migration pattern and it seems quite unlikely that one could properly understand the real number of Romanians working abroad if one uses only the conceptual tools of classic or permanent migration. In subsequent discussions, different methodological designs for studying migration were proposed. Thus, some participants suggested that macro-statistical approaches should be complemented by micro-studies concerning immigrants and their integration on the labor market. For instance, Ms. Romana Cucuruzan, researcher in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, stressed that beyond numbers there are persons whose life matter. Hence, she believes that several important questions

Migration is a complex process and phenomenon with a multi-dimensional and multi-motivational feature, which generated and continues to generate a series of challenges, costs and social benefits that need to be managed by each country facing this issue, according to the national and local social scale in the current context of globalization. European Union had been focusing mainly on a philosophy of no visas for work and travel for citizens thus dealing with different specific situations about migration: violence, racism, abuse of all sorts, being forced often, to adopt different positions and policies over time. In the 20th and 21st century, Europeans hadn’t been strangers of the social, economic and politic changes, but the globalization challenges have imposed lately a new way of intra-European reconstruction, of a new balanced, prosperous capitalist democracy.

Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, 2022

In this paper, we aim to analyze some of the most recent measures taken at the level of the European Union for the protection of migrants. More specifically, we intend to reveal and analyze the new EU legal provisions regarding the conditions for obtaining the Blue Card and how these provisions were integrated into Romanian legislation. In order to achieve this goal, we first describe and analyze the general legal frame and the content of the prior provisions on this matter. We also examine if, during these reforms regarding the Blue Card, the process of integration is actually facilitated and how the national provisions of the Member States influence the obtaining of the mentioned document, which represents a legal form to get the right to live and work on a territory with all the rightful benefits. To provide material and moral support for the refugees, legal measures are constantly being taken at the Union level. In conclusion, we consider that even though the EU authorities are constantly trying to adjust the migrant labor legislation in order for it to be more permissive and efficient, the Union is still far from being inclusive enough. On the other hand, Romanian legislation also continuously adapts to new provisions, but the situation differs from those of other EU countries.

2008

3) The Dublin mechanisms refers to a set of norms based on which it is appointed the member state responsible for processing asylum application in the situation where a person has transited more than one member states and has submitted an asylum application. Generally the state where that foreign persons has entered the European space is responsible. For such purposes, there have been established an European database with fingerprints of all persons that have illegally entered, are illegally staying or apply for asylum in the member states -EURODAC. This database prevents the submission of several asylum applications successively or concomitantly in many member states. In this situation, the respective person, being also identified based on the Dublin mechanism, is returned to the member state that have implemented for the first time the fingerprint of the respective foreign person.

… : European Institute of Romania, 2004

3) The Dublin mechanisms refers to a set of norms based on which it is appointed the member state responsible for processing asylum application in the situation where a person has transited more than one member states and has submitted an asylum application. Generally the state where that foreign persons has entered the European space is responsible. For such purposes, there have been established an European database with fingerprints of all persons that have illegally entered, are illegally staying or apply for asylum in the member states -EURODAC. This database prevents the submission of several asylum applications successively or concomitantly in many member states. In this situation, the respective person, being also identified based on the Dublin mechanism, is returned to the member state that have implemented for the first time the fingerprint of the respective foreign person.

In this paperwork we intend to analyze the connection between the behavior patterns of Romanian immigrants, as well as their impact; at the same time, we will try to analyze the way that these patterns are connected to the implications of the migrations phenomenon. Yet, the most frequent question is: after all, what makes the Romanians leave their country? And why our fellow citizens are treated rather differently abroad? Could it be the image that Romania created after 1990? Or is it just a xenophobic attack aimed at a small minority in our country, rrom people ?