Brazil in the Global World: Five Centuries of Lost Memories

Luso-Brazilian Review, 2020

When asked what they know about Brazil, most people probably respond with one of these four attributes: soccer, Carnaval, the Amazon forest, and racial diversity. Understanding Contemporary Brazil (2018) takes on these and other popularized stereotypes about Brazil and disentangles them at political, economic, and social levels. Understanding Brazil is an ambitious project. The book is an analytically rich and accessible volume written by Anthony Pereira and Jeff Garmany from the London King's College Brazil Institute. It provides an overview of Brazilian history since the colonial period and reflects the thematic expertise of the two authors. Pereira is a political scientist who studies the political drivers of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, the landless worker movement MST, authoritarianism and the rule of law, and the rise of national populism and its impact on democracy in Brazil. Garmany is a political geographer with a particular interest in race, ethnicity, inequality, and urban displacement. As the authors make clear from the beginning, "Brazil is not for beginners" and is a land replete with contradictions. How can a country's national identity rest on the ideology of racial democracy, but its Black population lives in poverty and fear of violence? Why are Brazilians so proud of their natural environment, but push for the logging of the Amazon forest? How can one nation bring together the 'first world' lifestyle of a country like Belgium, and the widespread poverty of 'third world' India? The authors set out to make sense of such disparities and the roles globalization, informality, and development play. While a significant part of the book is historical background, the authors connect this to ongoing legacies of racial prejudice, segregation, and social resistance. There are several critical themes addressed across the chapters. Central to the authors' elucidation is that Brazil's colonial history is fundamental to understanding the roots of current inequality, including economic development, environmental management, and governance. No other country had an enslaved population as large as Brazil's. These complicated and delicate power structures laid out during colonial times, shaped the invention of Brazil's rather new national identity, another key theme of the book. The authors guide the reader through features like soccer and brasilidade, that bind the nation together, but also exclude oppositional voices, thus shedding light on important current social debates and conflict. Central to all these questions is political governance, public policy, and federalism in Brazil, which are explained in detail in the third and fourth chapters of the book. Building on these chapters, the reader gets a basis to ponder the role of the state, the rule of law, and democratic processes (or lack thereof) key debates that span every chapter in the book. The authors draw connections between Brazil's extreme multi-partyism, a pronounced division between rulers and ruled, and fragmented political representation to glaring economic inequality and chronic

2008

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2016

Este artigo compara e analisa a parte sobre o Brasil na Histoire philosophique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes, de Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, nas edições de 1770, 1774 e 1780. Pretende-se confrontar as ideias difundidas pela historiografia corrente sobre esta que foi a obra setecentista mais lida à época, com os juízos que, nas suas várias edições, vão surgindo acerca da América portuguesa. Para efeito, recortou-se alguns temas: primeiramente, os habitantes e os povoadores desse Novo Mundo, isto é, ameríndios, depois, negros e portugueses criolos - colonos nascidos no Brasil de ascendência portuguesa -, e, por fim, a administração, destacando-se o período pombalino e o Diretório dos Índios. Contra as opiniões mais difundidas, que apresentam a obra como uma "máquina de guerra" disparada contra a opressão e o colonialismo, o discurso de Raynal, particularmente na última edição (1780), menos coerente mas com uma maior riqueza de info...

I n the early years of this century, Brazil was celebrated internationally as an emerging power. Global scholars and international media have put Brazil in the spotlight as a case of success, due both to its political and economic domestic reforms and to its process of international insertion. According to the international media's expectations and assessments of the " country of the future, " the future had already arrived. The cover of The Economist of 11/12/2009 was suggestively titled " Brazil Takes Off. " Foreign Policy of 2/28/2012 also celebrated Brazil as " South America's emerging superpower, " due to its active participation in global economic output and its actions alongside other BRICS members. This overestimated constructed image of Brazil was not entirely unsupported, as the country had the largest geographical area in Latin America—the fifth world-wide—and upheld the seventh-highest GDP among world economies in 2014. Furthermore , taking into account that Brazil is a country with only one official language , it has an abundance of natural resources—unrestricted by external conflicts and natural disasters—and its climate is favorable for farming and agriculture, it is not illogical to envisage anything but Brazil's rise.

2016

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This article highlights Brazil’s increasing visibility in international politics and attributes this to the almost constant maintenance of two long-term goals for the country’s foreign policy: the pursuit of autonomy and greater projection on the international stage. The argument is sustained by a historical analysis of the paradigms of Americanism and globalism and their reformulation in the form of two other paradigms, pragmatic institutionalism and autonomy. These constructs serve as a basis for observing that the continuity of Brazilian foreign policy and the development of specific strategies for attaining its objectives have been consistent even across changing governments and regimes.

The sociologist and anthropologist Gilberto Freyre (1900-1987), author of The Masters and the Slaves (1933), and historian Sérgio Buarque de Holanda (1902-1982), author of Roots of Brazil (1936), are considered two of the main interpreters of Brazilian society, having both produced works that continue to impact the understanding of Brazil. According to some, these were the works that "invented Brazil". In this essay, I seek to analyze these authors' experiences while abroad and the impact this had on the production process of their best-known works. In the case of Gilberto Freyre, I highlight his academic training in the United States, and in the case of Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, his free training in Germany. As this work shows, different academic and cultural experiences abroad led to different interpretations of Brazil. Based on the analysis of their biographies and best-known works, I highlight how some of the main interpretations of Brazilian society were made possible by the particular "intellectual diaspora" in which they participated, and identify some of the key influences permeating their work.

Herzog, M., Robins, P. (Eds.), The role, position and agency of cusp states in international relations, 2014

Envisioning Brazil: A Guide to Brazilian Studies in the United States, 1945-2003, 2005

Relação de Publicados n. 573. Relação de Livros Editados n. 8. Relação de Trabalhos n. 960, 961, 962, 963."