Hyphenated Techniques in Polymer Characterization

Pure and Applied Chemistry

To bolster the series of Brief Guides released by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), here we introduce the first Brief Guide to Polymer Characterization. This article provides a concise overview of characterization methods for teachers, students, non-specialists, and newcomers to polymer science as well as being a useful manual for researchers and technicians. Unlike pure low molar mass chemical substances, polymers are not composed of identical molecules. The macromolecules which comprise a single polymer sample vary from one another, primarily in terms of size and shape, but often also in the arrangement or positioning of atoms within macromolecules (e.g., chain branching, isomerism, etc.). Polymer properties are often drastically different from those of other substances and their characterization relies on specialist equipment and/or common equipment used in a specialized way (e.g., particular sample preparation or data analysis). This Brief Guide focuses ...

Characterization describes those features of the composition and structure (including defects) of a material that are significant for a particular preparation, study of properties, or use, and suffice for reproduction of the material. The characterization of polymers may be said in a sense to have begun with the recognition and demonstration of the high molecular weight and long-chain nature of these substances. As a result of the development of many special characterization techniques for polymers and of the application to these materials of a large number of standard analytical methods, there is a wide selection of characterization methods from which to select those suitable for a particular system. The polymer characterization technique categories are: chemical, electrical, mechanical, molecular, physical, rheological, spectroscopic, thermal property, thermal transition and viscoelasticity. But unfortunately, many available techniques are not applicable to all polymer systems. The practical problem, however, is not so much the availability of characterization techniques but their application in an economically feasible, scientifically sound manner to the situation at hand.

International Standard Book Number-10: 1-4200-5102-4 (Hardcover) International Standard Book This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.

Advances in chemistry series, 1995

An overview is presented on recent developments in the use of hyphenated multidimensional separation and detection techniques for the characterization of polymeric materials. Emphasis has been placed on the use of on-line molecular-weight-sensitive detectors for size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). These detection systems are based on measuring Rayleigh light-scattering or intrinsic viscosity of the eluting polymer. With these types of detectors, one can determine absolute molecular weights as well as branching, molecular size, and polymer conformation as a function of molecular weight, without the use of column calibration. The determination of compositional heterogeneity using SEC with on-line selective detectors, such as UV, Fourier transform infrared, mass spectrometry, NMR, and even Raman spectrometry, is now being investigated. Multidimensional hyphenated techniques, such as orthogonal chromatography, temperature-rising elution fractionation-SEC, and SEC-high-performance liquid chromatography, are briefly discussed. POLYMERS ARE TYPI CALLY COMPLEX MI XTURES in which the composition depends on polymerization kinetics and mechanism and process conditions. As we enter the twenty-first century, polymeric materials are becoming even more complex, consisting of polymer blends, composites, and branched and grafted structures of unusual architecture. To obtain polymeric materials of desired characteristics, polymer processing must be carefully controlled and monitored. Furthermore, we need to understand the influence of molecular parameters on polymer properties and end-use performance. As a result, we are faced with unprecedented

Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2019

This paper provides a list of the most important terms from all areas of polymer science including polymer chemistry, polymer physics, polymer technology and polymer properties. These have been assembled into a representative list of terms that serves as an IUPAC recommended list of keywords for polymer science.

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