Ziek van gezondheid. Voor elk probleem een pil

The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, 2006

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics , 2006

philosophy.ox.ac.uk

2002

Section IV-Future Options for International Governance of Cloning a) A Total Ban on all Cloning Research b) Ban on Reproductive Cloning c) Ban Reproductive Cloning and Sllow Research Cloning d) Ban Reproductive Cloning, Allow Research Cloning for 10 years e) Moratorium on Reproductive and Research Cloning Conclusions Contents reface Executive Summary a case were to come before the International Court of Justice, the emerging custom against reproductive cloning will be a strong argument for the prosecution. The United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning is an important milestone on the road to customary international law on cloning. 44. Glover, Jonathan. What Sort of People Should There Be? (Harmondsworth: Penguin 1984). 45. An interesting reference to the ancient science of alchemy, which attempted for centuries to heal, to achieve immortality and transmute the material world, is made by Laurie Zoloth. "Stem cell research is not unique in this and it is especially tempting because it holds the promise, unlike cloning or esoteric interventions, of actually being scalable, cheaper and more accessible to large numbers of patients and distributable." [Laurie Zoloth Reasonable Magic and the Nature of Alchemy: Jewish Refl ections on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research,

Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2003

New Atlantis (Washington, D.C.), 2006

The details of the cloning scandal in South Korea are by now familiar. Dr. Hwang Woo Suk and his colleagues, the only researchers in the world to convince the scientific community that they had cloned human embryos and derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from them, are now seen as having perpetrated a massive deception. Investigative reports by Seoul National University and others say that, contrary to past disclaimers, the team solicited over a hundred women (often with cash incentives) and even pressured female researchers to provide human eggs for cloning experiments, at serious risk to the women's health; that from over two thousand eggs the researchers failed to produce even one stem cell line despite hundreds of cloning attempts; and that they covered up their failure by falsifying two major articles in a prestigious U.S. science journal. In the United States, reactions to this scandal span a wide spectrum. Some cloning advocates claim that this event has no implications beyond the malfeasance of a few Korean researchers. "Despite this apparent setback, the field of embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning remains incredibly promising as demonstrated by some of our nation's leading scientists," says Daniel Perry, president of the Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research. Others, including the investigative panel in Seoul, believe it has "damaged the foundation of science." The truth surely lies somewhere between these extremes: the scandal implicates far more than a few Korean scientists, but it does not undermine science in general, unless one foolishly equates human cloning with all of science. More broadly, this unfortunate affair offers three sets of lessons-scientific, political, and moral-that we ignore at our peril. Scientific Myths and Realities The first obvious conclusion, as noted by the Washington Post, is that "the highly touted field of embryonic stem cell research is years behind where scientists thought it was." After eight years of effort around the world to clone human embryos, no one has reliably done so. After years of touting so-called "therapeutic cloning"-the idea that stem cells from

MULTIDISCIPLINARY AP​P​ROACHES TO THE HUMAN CLONING, 2018

Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells or organisms. There are two types discussed human cloning: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning, more likely to achieve a therapeutic cloning is more accessible in terms of technique, but also less morally problematic. Ethics of human cloning has become an important issue in recent years. Legalize human cloning is in the heart of the debate world, was proposed legalizing therapeutic cloning as the only way to investigate, with chances of success, the basic criterion for funding such programs as the main objective being to find treatments for incurable diseases. The ethical ramifications of cloning, especially with regard to humans, seem to defy easy limitation. Even if cloning technique problems are resolved with time, many questions remain. On what grounds could reproducing children by cloning be allowed or prohibited? Should cloning be used for sterile couples or for homosexual couples who want biological offspring? How would a child born by asexual reproduction experience life, as a unique individual or as a genetic “prisoner”? Is a cloned child simply a twin of its genetic donor, with a certain time lag? Should parents choose the traits of a future child, as is possible with cloning? A wealth of other concerns could well preclude ever attempting human clones, the report said: “The notion of cloning raises issues about identity and individuality, the meaning of having children, the difference between procreation and manufacture, and the relationship between the generations”. This article reveals some multidisciplinary approaches to the human cloning from ethical, sociological and religious perspectives.

2006