Design of a sustainable innovation greenhouse system for Turkey

A Feasibility Study for Different Crops in a High-tech Greenhouse in Turkey, 2022

Turkey is a developing country and has the richest geothermal resources in Europe for greenhouse heating, in almost every part of the country. High-tech greenhouse Investment is going on. Mostly tomatoes are grown in these greenhouses and alternative crops are also taking a lot of interest. This study focuses on the investment and production costs, calculation of return on investment (ROI) and pay-back time of the investment for four different crops(cluster and cherry tomatoes, strawberry and rose) in high-tech soilless greenhouses in a particular region covering the area between 38-40 degrees latitude and 27-30 degrees longitude, west-central part of Turkey, including Manisa, Uşak, Balıkesir and Izmir cities as hightech greenhouses are concentrated in this area. The cluster and cherry tomatoes were considered with inter-planting in a semi-closed greenhouse, strawberry in a traditional venlo type glasshouse and in a gotic type plastic greenhouse and roses in a semi-closed greenhouse. The financial study showed that both cluster and cherry tomatoes were economically feasible, return on investment (ROI) being 18.36% and 20.73%, payback periods of the investments were 5.45 and 4.82 years, respectively for both crops. A sensitivity analysis indicated that both yield/m2 and sales price/Kg were the key factors affecting ROI and payback periods along with production costs. For strawberries, payback periods for venlo type glasshouse and for gotic type plastic greenhouse were 10.61 years and 5.65 years, respectively. This meant that venlo type glasshouse would not be preferred in Turkey for strawberry investment. As for roses, profitability was 14.36% and payback period was 6.97 years, a promising area for investment. The results are expected to help and guide the high-tech greenhouse investors not only in Turkey but also all around the world

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 2005

This paper examines the current status of the Turkish greenhouse industry and highlights issues important for its competitiveness. The greenhouse industry is the fastest-growing segment of agriculture in Turkey, mainly because of favourable climatic conditions. However, in recent years the greenhouse industry has been forced to adopt an increasingly competitive place in the market. The competitive market environment for greenhouse produce does not necessarily provide growers with any assurances about sales volume, a sufficient price, or favourable financial outcome. Currently, greenhouse operators in Turkey face problems such as declining crop prices, price fluctuations based on oversupply , poor market systems and sales uncertainty, and lack of grower cooperatives. These problems have resulted in income uncertainty and market risks for greenhouse operators. In addition, strong dependency on imported inputs and excessive use of chemicals are other weaknesses of the Turkish greenhouse industry.

2018

Tomato is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world. Turkey produces on average almost 10 million tons of tomatoes annually. Greenhouse tomato production in Turkey has been significantly increasing in the last decade. However, environmental concerns are increasing especially about greenhouse production. There is also a misunderstanding among people that if a greenhouse is equipped with sophisticated technological systems of production, this will lead an environmentally friendly production because of more awareness, more certification, etc. However, studies show that there is not a significant correlation between technological investments and environmentally friendly practices. The empirical data used in this article was gathered by a research project which was granted by TUBITAK (Science and Technological Research Council of Turkey). A survey and observation techniques were used as a data collection method. Meanwhile, “ Life Cycle Assessment ” method was used to measure ...

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate the structural properties of modern greenhouses and the heat requirements of the modern greenhouse farms calculated using multi-years climate data in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Greenhouse farms in Turkey spread mostly along Mediterranean costal areas, Marmara and Aegean regions. The most important region within Turkey for greenhouse cultivation is the Mediterranean region, covering almost 85% of total production with plastic and glass greenhouses. In recent years, the number and production area of modern greenhouses have increased in Turkey. Also, these greenhouses are located mostly in the province of Antalya, the reason why the region was selected as study area. As a result, 74, 16 and 10% of modern greenhouse enterprises in the region were the vegetable, seed and seedling production greenhouses, respectively. Soilless culture systems are usually applied in the vegetable production greenhouses. The technological and productivity levels of vegetable, seed and seedling production greenhouses are very high and their average size varies between 0.5 and 2.1 ha. The results indicate that the heating systems should be intensively operated in the period from November to April. The highest and lowest heat requirements were determined from PE and PC+(PE(DL**)+TS*) covered greenhouses, respectively.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013

Afr. J. Biotechnol, 2010

This study was carried out to determine the structural analysis and functional characteristics of the greenhouses in the Mediterranean region where 87% of the greenhouse production area in Turkey is concentrated. Information about types, material and construction properties, placement and arrangement of greenhouses in the research area was gathered by questionnaires; then greenhouses in enterprises were divided into three groups based on the covering material, load bearing materials and directional placement. Five greenhouse types with the most economic cross-section were selected and loads acting on structural members of these were calculated. The stretch ratios, resulting from loads acting on beams of each greenhouse, were analyzed by SAP2000 program. Also, the stretch ratios as per whether greenhouse types and covering materials have a statistically significant effect were examined. According to the obtained data, it was found that all of the selected greenhouses could not carry the dead and/or dynamic loads safely. It was also obtained that covering material has a significant effect on dead loads but not on dynamic loads at 0.05 probability levels whereas dead and dynamic loads were significantly affected by structural materials of the greenhouses.

Greenhouse systems improve growing conditions of vegetable, fruit and ornamental crops. Greenhouse coverage protects plants from adverse atmospheric agents and, together with suitable equipment, influences and ultimately modifies the crop microclimate, thus lengthening the market availability of the products, improving their quality and allowing higher yields. Greenhouse production has a higher return per unit area than crops grown in the open field, but it requires the use of large amounts of energy to operate the equipment on one hand and generates huge quantities of wastes to be disposed of on the other hand. Protected cultivation can be environmentally unfriendly, especially in areas with a large concentration of greenhouses. Therefore, the steady worldwide increase in the area covered by greenhouses has generated the need for developing sustainable protected horticulture. Sustainable greenhouse horticulture can be achieved by means of different cultivation techniques, adequate ...

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022

Today, advancements in greenhouse technology and modifications have pushed science-based solutions for optimal plant production in all seasons worldwide by adjusting internal climate growing factors such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and CO2 concentration. Solar greenhouses increase crop yield and quality, addressing global food security concerns. This paper presents an overview of current design trends in construction, current development technology for controlling and monitoring greenhouse microclimates, and the various systems available for managing greenhouse environments. First, it discusses different processes of the greenhouse geometry, orientation, and cladding material for different climates. This paper also examines the various strategies in the greenhouse control environment, sensing networks, different wireless gateway used in monitoring systems, and the many control approaches. The last section of this review presented the system for managing climate in the greenhouse. The results of this research are the best selection of geometry, orientation, and covering material of the greenhouse also achieves a suitable environment, as well as the strategy of control and management of climate, plays a vital role in achieving high crop production and decreasing the cost and the energy consumption.

2012

The European greenhouse horticulture represents one of the most intensive energy sector in agriculture and strongly contributes to increase the energy and environmental vulnerability within regions having a large greenhouse farming systems. Specifically, the European greenhouse farming sector is facing a trend that responds to the changing consumer's demands in a society that, globally, is increasingly affluent but more aware about some negative consequences, such as high energy-demand processes, and CO 2 emissions. About 200,000 hectares of greenhouses in Spain, Italy, The Netherlands and Greece is the estimated covered surface, with not less than 3.4 MTOE of energy consumption and 9.2 MtCO2eq, and an yearly economy value of 7 billions of Euros. The installed energy power load of greenhouses in Europe depends on local climate conditions, and varies from 50-150 W/m 2 (Southern regions of Europe) to 200-280 W/m 2 (Northern and Central regions), while complete conditioning could e...

Acta Horticulturae, 2008

GESKAS concerns a research project on sustainable, energy saving, integrated and innovative energy technologies in greenhouses with the goal to maximise the crop quality and quantity for each invested energy unit, obtained by closing the greenhouse. Traditionally, greenhouses are opened in order to evacuate heat or moisture. In that case, there is no control on the inside environment. By closing the greenhouse the climate can be controlled perfectly. The greenhouse temperature and moisture content can be brought to their optimal values. Further, the CO 2-concentration can be raised for crop fertilisation. Closing the greenhouse implies that heat excesses need to be eliminated, this is very expensive with traditional energy technologies (compression cooling machines). By capturing and storing greenhouse heat, it can be recuperated during the heating season. For this purpose, a large scale heat storage system is necessary. Two small research greenhouses were built at the horticulture research institutes, these units were fully conditioned and operated as small closed greenhouses for tomato growing. Crop behaviour, production rates and energy needs were evaluated in comparison with two small reference open greenhouses (equipped with traditional technologies). An intensive monitoring in the units was of great value for the dynamic analysis of climate, plant and energy. Two models were set up on the climate-plant and the climate-energy interaction. These models were brought together in a TRNSYS simulation environment to an overall simulation tool. This tool allowed fast evaluation and comparison of different energy configurations in order to select the optimal energy concept. The performance of this research work in a practical research environment was nearly impossible due to the high number of interacting parameters, a model based approach was much faster and more efficient. The integrated model allowed to evaluate the effect of different greenhouse climate conditions, crop growing strategies and exploitation versus investment costs.