Rotavirus infection in children with acute diarrhea in Tehran

BMC Gastroenterology, 2014

Background: Diarrhea is a major public health concern throughout the world because the prevalence of morbidity of diarrhea has not changed significantly in the past decade. It remains the third leading cause of death among children less than 5 years of age. Recent surveillance studies have shown that rotavirus is a significant cause of pediatric hospitalization and death due to diarrhea. Indonesia has limited data on risk factors, disease burden, and deaths in children due to rotavirus diarrhea. The objective of this study was to examine the above mentioned factors related to rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar from April 2009 to December 2011. The present study was part of a nationwide study on Extension for Hospital-based Surveillance and Strain Characterization of Rotavirus Diarrhea Indonesia involving four hospitals throughout Indonesia as a part of the Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network. We studied children aged <5 years who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea, and analyzed their stool samples using an immunoassay that detects the rotavirus antigen. Results: A total of 656 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Of 5805 patients under the age of 5 who were hospitalized between April 2009 and December 2011, the prevalence of diarrhea among hospitalized pediatric patients was 11.3% and the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea was 49.8%. The male to female ratio of those affected by rotavirus was 1.6:1. The occurrence of vomiting was significantly higher in rotavirus diarrhea than in non-rotavirus diarrhea (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.70; p = 0.004). Conclusions: Diarrhea remains an important cause of hospitalization in children, and rotavirus was the most important etiology. We found that boys had a greatest risk of rotavirus infection than girls. Good nutritional status and breastfeeding provided the same protection against rotavirus and non-rotavirus diarrhea.

2018

Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea requiring hospitalization among infants and young children worldwide. Rotavirus infection affects 95% of children under the age of 5 years regardless of the socioeconomic or environmental conditions and leads more frequently to dehydration than other etiologies.This study was carried out to determine the frequency of Rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalised children under 5 years of age in Guwahati medical college and hospital by ELISA test. Methods: 140 stool samples were collected within 24 to 48hrs of hospitalization from children below 5 years who were admitted to the Pediatric wards with acute diarrhea from june 2014 to may 2015. All patients underwent physical examination for sign of dehydration. The presence of Rotavirus antigen was tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Result: Out of 140 stool samples Rotavirus antigen was detected in 42 (30%) stool samples by Rotaclone ELISA test. Highest Rotavirus positive cases was found in ag...

Background: Rotavirus infection causing gastroenteritis is one of the major health concerns throughout the world. Millions of children are affected by the disease. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Rota virus among diarrheal children and study the relation of Rotavirus with some of the major socio-demographic factors and clinical features. Materials and Methods: The patients of this study included 100 who came to the AL-Imamin AL-Kadhimin Medical City, suffering from gastrointestinal complaints with diarrhea. General fecal samples were taken from them during the period from May 2014 to February 2015. The age range was 1month to 18 years. The fecal specimens were collected in sterile containers, stored at-20c until test for the presence of human Rotavirus antigen by ELISA and Dia spot test were performed. Results: We examined 100 children with diarrhea; the rotavirus antigen was detected in 24% of fecal specimens from children with diarrhoea. Human rotavirus antigen was detected more in stool of child less than 2 years of age, more in low mother education group and rural patients; and less among breast-fed infants. There was no sex predilection to get the infection with the virus. Children with diarrhoea due to rotavirus infection may have certain clinical features that raise the indexes of suspicion for a clinical diagnosis of the condition. Conclusion: The present study confirms the current burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants, and usually associated with one or more respiratory symptoms and it is highly prevalent among children from rural areas and of low mother education. The clinical features from children with rotavirus gastroenteritis are non-specific but highly suggestive and should raise the indexes of suspicion of infection with this virus.

College of Science -University of Baghdad, 2012

Acute Gastroenteritis remains a common illness among infants and children throughout the world, and mostly caused by viral organism (Rotavirus). This study consisted of stool samples collected in a clean and sterile disposable plastic container, from children under 2 years of age suffering from bloody and non-bloody diarrhea from Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, during the period from beginning of February to the end of May 2008. By Rapid qualitative test for the direct detection of Rotavirus group antigen in feces by agglutination of latex particles on slide, The study evaluates the relationship between etiological agent of diarrhea (Rotavirus) and gender, age group, type of feeding, and presence of blood in stool of the patients. The result revealed that the Rotavirus infection represents 24 case (37.5 %). With higher frequency in males more than females especially more than 6 months with artificial feeding and non bloody diarrhea.

2018

1 Post graduate trainee, Department of Pediatrics & Neonatology, Nazareth Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya – 793003, India 2 Head of the department of Pediatrics & Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics & Neonatology, Nazareth Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya – 793003, India 3 Senior consultant, Department of Pediatrics & Neonatology, Nazareth Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya – 793003, India 4 Senior Medical Officer, Department of Pediatrics & Neonatology, Nazareth Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya – 793003, India 5 Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics & Neonatology, Nazareth Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya – 793003, India

Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2013

Rotavirus the most common cause of diarrhea in children and due to it's high morbidity a specific medication, Nowadays vaccination prevention is highly recommended. Background: Rotaviruses a major group of viruses that cause severe gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. Many different viruses can cause gastroenteritis, including Noroviruses, Adenoviruses, Sapoviruses, and Astroviruses. Serum antibody studies show that most of the children are infected with Rotavirus at least once in their life by the age of 3. In the world, approximately 400-600 thousand children in poor countries die annually by Rotavirus-associated dehydration. Most of the deaths occur in these countries because of delay in treatment. Despite low death rates in industrialized countries, good hygiene and sanitation do not appear to reduce the prevalence or prevent the spread of Rotavirus. Objectives: This study was aimed to detect Rotavirus in stool samples of infected patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serological method in 5 cities of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 2988 stool samples of patients with acute gastroenteritis were collected from children's hospitals of 5 main cities of Iran. The samples were sent in frozen condition to pediatric infection research center in Tehran and stored at-70°C. ELISA test was performed for detection of Rotavirus antigens. The mean age of study population was 1 to 5 years. Results: ELISA method on 2988 stool samples from 5 cities revealed rotavirus-positive results in 55.48% cases, including 8.97% in Tehran, 7.56% in Tabriz, 7.76% in Mashhad, 14.42% in Shiraz, and 16.77% in Bandar Abbas). 59.2% of positive samples occurred in males and 40.8% in females. Conclusions: Rotavirus is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in children in Iran that can be easily detectable by ELISA method through which early diagnosis, treatment, and preventive vaccination can dramatically reduce mortality and morbidity rates of the disease.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Research Biological Sciences, 2021

In children under the age of five, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. The aim of this study was to see how common rotavirus is in children who have diarrhea, the efficacy of Immuno Chromatography Assay (ICA) and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and evaluate the relationship between the demographic agent and clinical presentation associated with rotavirus. At AL-Batool Teaching Hospital in Baqubah, a cross-sectional study was conducted, from the first of April 2019 to 31 of March 2020, on (300) children with diarrhea below five years of age. The patients included (n=161, 53.6%) males and (n=139, 46.3%) females. The patient’s age, gender, living area, season, mode of feeding, source of water supply and sterilization, were gathered using a questionnaire designed specifically for this study. Rotavirus is detected in fecal specimens using the ICA and ELISA tests. The rotavirus antigen was detected in (47.33%) stool specimens by the ELISA test and (59%) by ICA from (300) children with diarrhea and high infection in the age group between 13-24 months at the rate (49.40%). The highest infection rate in spring was (56.00%) and lower in summer (33.33%). Males were infected at a higher rate than females (42.24% vs. 39. 57%).High significant infection among children living in rural areas (55.68%) compared to those living in urban areas (35.48%). According to the clinical features, the findings revealed the prevalence of rotavirus infection in children who had a fever (54.90%), vomiting (42.03%), those suffering from severe dehydration (48.85) some dehydration 78 (46.15%). However, rotavirus infection was significant with fever only.

American Journal of Epidemiology, 1999

Reliable epidemiologic data are essential for formulating effective policy to control rotavirus disease through immunization. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in a populationbased cohort of children under 3 years of age residing in Abu Homos, Egypt, in 1995-1996. Rotavirus diarrhea incidence rates (episodes per person-year) were 0.13 for infants aged <6 months, 0.61 for those aged 6-11 months, 0.17 for those aged 12-23 months, and 0.15 for those aged 24-35 months. Fifty-six percent of children with rotavirus diarrhea had clinical dehydration; 90% of rotavirus diarrheal episodes occurred between July and November. In infants under 1 year of age, receipt of breast milk was associated with a lower incidence of rotavirus diarrhea. No other sociodemographic or environmental factor was found to be significantly associated with rotavirus diarrhea. Of 46 rotavirus isolates with strains identified, 41 (89%) were G serotypes 1 and 2. Rotavirus diarrhea was a major cause of morbidity in this cohort. Promotion of breastfeeding may exert a protective effect in young infants in this setting, but improvements in water and sanitation are unlikely to be effective preventive measures. The use of effective immunization against rotavirus in early infancy should be considered a public health priority.

PRILOZI, 2020

Rotavirus is highly contagious factor with dominant feces-oral transmission. Because it is stable in external environment, transmission clusters are possible by close contact, ingestion of contaminated water or food or contact with contaminated surfaces. It survives within hours and days on hands and contaminated surfaces. This makes it the most common enteric and nosocomial pathogen in the world, especially in early childhood. In addition to the rapid dehydration with pronounced electrolyte disturbances, numerous extraintestinal possibilities have been recorded in the clinical picture, which emphasizes the need for prevention of this disease. In the period from 1.02.2018 to 31.01.2020 at the Clinic for Infectious diseases were treated 1060 patients with diarrheal disease, of which 502 children (47.36%). Rotavirus etiology was confirmed in 23.30% of the children. According to the protocols, laboratory and biochemical investigations were done to all 117 children, with tracking parame...

Acta Scientific Microbiology, 2020

Olayemi and Usman Aliyu Dutsinma. Rotavirus is the most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children. It is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae. According to literatures, nearly every child in the world is infected with rotavirus at least once by the age of five. The study was carried out to determine the incidence of Rotavirus among children (0-5years) suffering from diarrhoea attending Hasiya Bayero Pediatric Hospital, Kano state. Two hundred and ninety-nine children within ages 0-5 years who were at Hasiya Bayero Pediatric Hospital, Kano, at the time of the study were enrolled in the study. Diarrhoea samples were obtained following parental consent and ethical approval from the medical research ethics committee of the hospital. The stool samples were collected aseptically in sterile commercial stool containers adequately labeled (patient ID and date of collection) and were transported in ice to the Center for Biotechnology Research, Bayero University Kano where they we restored at −200C until tested. The presence of Rotavirus was detected using RDT and ELISA (IgM) in the stool samples. Rotavirus (IgM) was detected in 22 of the 299 subjects giving an incidence of 7.4% using ELISA. The RDT kit detected Rotavirus in 45 of the 299 subjects giving an incidence of 15.1%. Female subjects had higher incidence (51.1%) compared to male subjects (48.9%). Subjects in age group 13-24 months old had the highest incidence of Rotavirus (5.0% and 3.7%) while subjects in age group 25-36 months old had the lowest percent positive (0.7% and 0.3%) for RDT and ELISA respectively. The socio-demographic variables associated with the incidence of Rotavirus in this study were mother's level of education, breastfeeding practices and method of water storage. ELISA test kit was found to be more specific and sensitive when compared with Rapid test kit used in this study in detecting Rotavirus. It is recommended that mothers should be educated through their anti-natal and post-natal clinics on the process of avoiding the infection through effective hygiene especially when babies are between 0-5years old especially 13-24 months and the detection of Rotavirus among diarrhoea patients should focus more on the use of ELISA instead of RDT.