Genetic variability in Turkmen populations of Pistacia vera L

Euphytica, 2003

The genus Pistacia (Anacardiaceae) includes 11 species divided into four sections, according to leaf characters and nut morphology. Recently two monophyletic groups have been proposed by using cpDNA, Lentiscus and Terebinthus, containing evergreen and deciduous species, respectively. In the present work molecular markers, derived from two different methods, RAPD and AFLP, are used to study the relationships of native and introduced Pistacia species present in Greece. According to the cophenetic correlation coefficients best results for both methods were obtained by using the Jaccard algorithm and the UPGMA clustering method. However, phenograms were constructed using the NJ method (r cs =0.987 for RAPDs and r cs =0.982 for AFLP), since it is less sensitive against varying mutation rates. Correlation among the genetic similarity (GS) matrices for the two methods was high (r = 0.941). The AFLP and RAPD phenograms were comparable with minor clustering differences. According to our results, two main branches are obtained, one containing the evergreen species P. lentiscus and the resin producing P. lentiscus cv. Chia (cultivated only in the island of Chios), and the other branch containing the deciduous species P. terebinthus, P. palaestina and P. vera. P. chinensis was clustered either with the evergreen species (RAPD data) or with the deciduous species (AFLP data). P. palaestina is clustered to P. terebinthus and can be considered as a subspecies of P. terebinthus, since its GS values are close or smaller than GS values of entries within species (P. vera). The four female cultivars were found to have a narrow genetic basis, probably related to cultivar 'Nazareth' with Syrian origin.

African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2013

The present study involved characterization of variability of qualitative morphological characters, protein patterns and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in some Pisum sativum genotypes. 17 different Pisum genotypes were used in this study. They are: Seven P. sativum L. cultivars (Vectory Freezer, Master, Lincoln, Little Marvel, Montana, Local and Billinder), three wild taxa of P. sativum L., five accessions of P. sativum L. and two accessions of P. fulvum L. The results demonstrate a high potential and resolving power of DNA-based methods (RAPD markers) for discrimination between Pisum genotypes. The two accessions of P. fulvum L. were successfully separated on the basis of RAPD markers, while the morphological characters and protein patterns could not be distinguished between them. Wild taxa collected from the north coastal region of Egypt were separated from other genotypes, suggesting different genetic pool. RAPD markers indicated that four P. sativum L. cultivars (Vectory Freezer, Master, Lincoln and Little Marvel) and two accessions P. fulvum L. are grouped in one cluster, suggesting that these cultivars may be originated from the P. fulvum L. gene pool. Data indicated 46 RAPD markers specific to ten genotypes, and one marker specific to P. fulvum L. The three wild taxa of P. sativum L. showed high number of specific RAPD markers, reflecting similarities among these taxa and their differences from other genotypes. The use of RAPD markers linked to qualitative morphological characters in breeding programs makes the selection for these characters easy and possible at the young seedling stage without reaching the maturation stage.

International Journal of Environment, 2017

Genetic identification among different 15 male genotypes of Pistacia vera L. species in comparison with five main commercial male cultivars accredited by Ministry of Agriculture (Adam, Jamil, Ebrahim, Elyas and Khalifa) was achieved using SSR markers. Seventeen primer pairs out of Twenty SSR primers were able to amplify PCR products. SSR segregation produced 44 putative alleles, of which 34 were polymorphic (77.27%). Genetic similarity among all studied genotypes ranged from 0.45 between Jamil cultivar and MAS1 genotype to 1 between Ebrahim cultivar and MA1 genotype which means that they are identical. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on Jaccard's coefficient grouped all genotypes into three main clusters. The number of alleles revealed by each SSR analysis ranged from 1 to 5, with a high level of expected heterozygosity (He) 0.507. Co-dominant SSRs loci were observed in some studied genotypes giving a value 0.235 of observed heterozygosity (Ho). According to the polymorphic allele's number and the expected heterozygosity; Marker Index (MI) was 23.97. Our results concluded that SSR marker is an informative technique, which revealed high ability to differentiate individuals, and played an important role as a genetic marker for identification and evaluation studies within P. vera species.

AGROFOR, 2021

This research was conducted at the Scientific Agricultural Research center in Sweida province during (2014-2015). Breeding program was assessed in the aim to insert the bisexual phenomena of P.atlantica species (3 different hermaphrodite genotypes PA12, PA35, and PA37 as donators of pollen grains) to the commercial cultivars of P.vera (Ashouri and Batouri). Genetic relationships among the previous species and their progenies (F1, 6 genotypes of crossing program) was studied using 20 specific SSRs primer pairs, 16 of them were able to detect PCR amplification. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) segregation produced 44 putative alleles, out of which 40 were polymorphic (90.91%). Genetic similarity between the hybrids and their parents were closer to their female than to their male parents except for the hybrid HB3,which revealed a genetic distance 0.37 with its female parent (Batouri cultivar FB) and 0.43 with its male parent (PA35 hermaphrodite P.atlantica genotype). The UPGMA cluster plot...

Conservation Genetics, 2010

Iran is one of the two major centres of Pistacia diversity and the main producer of pistachios in the world. About 282 Iranian pistachio genotypes (Pistacia spp.), together with 22 foreign cultivars (P. vera), were genotyped using 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to analyse the genetic diversity and relationships among Pistacia species and cultivars. The results revealed that the genetic diversity within P. atlantica subsp. kurdica was considerably lower than in P. vera or P. khinjuk. Principal coordinate analysis revealed a clear separation between the different Pistacia spices, as well as between the Iranian and foreign cultivars. AMOVA analysis showed that the variation between the species, between different populations, and within populations accounted for 41, 9, and 50% of the total variation, respectively. The results demonstrated that the study of genetic diversity and relationships among Pistacia species and cultivars using SSR markers provides important information for the collection and conservation of pistachio germplasm. In addition, the Iranian cultivars had a broader genetic background than that of the foreign cultivars. Thus, they are very important for genetic conservation and the planning of future breeding programmes. We also determined the different levels of genetic diversity that exist between and within the species and populations and showed that gene flow occurs between the Iranian cultivars and wild-type P. vera populations. The study provides practical information that policy-makers and scientists can apply to the conservation and sustainable use of all the species studied.

International Journal of Nuts and Related Sciences, 2012

The aim of this research was to study 33 Pistachio accessions and determine their genetic relationships. Thirty-one morphological characters (17 quantitative and 14 qualitative) together with Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker data were used for this purpose. Factor analysis was used to determine the effective characteristics and the number of main factors which determined seven main factors. Grouping of pistachio accessions by these factors was performed by Ward's method. Among 77 random decamer primers tested, 12 showed good amplification and polymorphism, and a total of 130 markers were produced that 118 were polymorphism. Grouping by morphological characteristics was compared with the results from RAPD analysis which did not produce a significant correlation.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

The goal of the study is to evaluate the major characteristics of pea (Pisum sativum L.) accessions to analyse morphological genetic diversity and identify the candidate genotypes from indigenous gene-pool of Pisum sativum L. The present investigation will be conducted at seed breeding farm, college of agriculture, Jabalpur in randomized complete block design with three replications on 101 pea genotypes for morpho-diversification study of 13 attributing characters. Rabbit eared stipule, compound tendril type, leaflets presence, foliage colour, pod shape of distal part, seed cotyledon colour, seed shape and seed surface has high variation among all germplasm lines. Leaf axil and flower standard petal colour were found purple in 7 lines namely B-22, DDR-54, JP-885 (Purple), FP 14-67, Kalamatar, FP 14-67, FP 14-88 so may be concern that genes governing leaf axil colour also express for flower standard petal colour. Above study revealed the distinct characteristics of germplasms and indicated that morphological variations exist in collected germplasms due to variation in genetic makeup and could be better utilized by breeders in the selection based on their specific requirement for breeding programme along with that this is highly useful study for varietal identification and conservation. The unique germplasms were found; B-22, FP 14-67, FP 14-88 which has stem anthocyanin coloration whereas DDR-23 and FP7-562 lines found normal pod curvature. Further, the unique features can be selected for developing varieties with unique identification may be particularly referred to as indicators to determine an unstable expression of the phenotype of candidate variety.

Agronomy, 2021

Pistacia lentiscus L. is a dioecious shrub or small tree with high drought resistance, native in the entire Mediterranean basin. The variety ‘Chia’ (mastic tree) is cultivated for the production of mastic gum (a resin produced after wounding of the trunks and thick branches) in the Island of Chios (Greece), but it also has a significant ornamental value. In the present study, ten male and ten female genotypes of P. lentiscus var. Chia from the natural habitats of Chios were selected and examined with respect to the rooting efficiency of their shoot cuttings. The germination ability of the seeds was also tested. The 20 plants were morphologically described, mainly with respect to traits related to their ornamental value. Furthermore, leaves were collected from the 20 genotypes, from which genomic DNA (gDNA) was isolated, followed by amplification of gDNA fragments using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. This was done aiming both at t...

Iran is one of the two major centres of Pistacia diversity and the main producer of pistachios in the world. About 282 Iranian pistachio genotypes (Pistacia spp.), together with 22 foreign cultivars (P. vera), were genotyped using 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to analyse the genetic diversity and relationships among Pistacia species and cultivars. The results revealed that the genetic diversity within P. atlantica subsp. kurdica was considerably lower than in P. vera or P. khinjuk. Principal coordinate analysis revealed a clear separation between the different Pistacia spices, as well as between the Iranian and foreign cultivars. AMOVA analysis showed that the variation between the species, between different populations, and within populations accounted for 41, 9, and 50% of the total variation, respectively. The results demonstrated that the study of genetic diversity and relationships among Pistacia species and cultivars using SSR markers provides important information for the collection and conservation of pistachio germplasm. In addition, the Iranian cultivars had a broader genetic background than that of the foreign cultivars. Thus, they are very important for genetic conservation and the planning of future breeding programmes. We also determined the different levels of genetic diversity that exist between and within the species and populations and showed that gene flow occurs between the Iranian cultivars and wild-type P. vera populations. The study provides practical information that policy-makers and scientists can apply to the conservation and sustainable use of all the species studied.

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2019

Pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.) have been cultivated in Tunisia for decades and the plantation was extended mostly in the center of the country contributing to the economic growth of marginalized areas. Herein we used conserved DNA derived polymorphism (CDDP) technique, which target specifically conserved sequences of plant functional genes, to assess the genetic diversity and construct genetic relationships among 65 Tunisian pistachio trees. A set of nine primers were used and 157 CDDP markers were revealed with an average of 17.44 showing a high degree of polymorphism (99.37%). The average of polymorphism information content of CDDP markers was of 0.86, which indicates the efficiency of CDDP primers in the estimation of genetic diversity between pistachios. UPGMA dendrogram and the principal component analysis showed four clusters of analyzed pistachios trees. Our results showed that the genetic structure depends on: (1) the gene exchanges between groups, (2) the geographical origin and (3) the sex of the tree. The same result was revealed by the Bayesian analysis implemented in STRUCTURE at K = 4, in which the pistachio genotypes of El Guettar, Kasserine and Sfax were assigned with more than 80% of probability. Our results prove polymorphism and efficiency of CDDP markers in the characterization and genetic diversity analysis of P. vera L. genotypes to define conservation strategy.