2023, The 70's Biweekly Social Activism and Alternative Cultural Production in 1970s Hong Kong
During the Long Seventies (1969-1982), the New Left in Hong Kong was heavily influenced by the Global Sixties. It was not, however, a mere extension of that social phenomenon. The contexts of Asia’s Cold War, de-colonization, and Chinese nationalism and socialism must be considered. Based on case studies of the significant New Left collective, The 70s Bi-weekly (The 70s), this article proposes that although the collective did not explicitly articulate the political imaginary of Asia. Hong Kong was embroiled in the Asian political arena and the collective’s world consciousness was compelled to react to it. Moreover, this article argues that the political identity of Hong Kong’s New Left was an ideological hybrid. It incorporated dimensions of Asia, the Third World and global movements. While local issues and national identity were sometimes at stake, this article brings attention to the interplay between the global, regional and local politics. By employing the analytic lens of “Asia as method” (Chen 2010), this article, on the one hand, highlights the geopolitics of the Cold War and the de-colonization movement across Asia and the Third World. On the other hand, it sheds light on the specificities of colonial Hong Kong in Asia. The term “world consciousness” indicates the multiple strands of universal humanitarianism, internationalism, and Third Worldism. In this light, this article aims to contribute to scholarship on Hong Kong identity politics that focus excessively on Britain and China, the literature of Asia’s Cold War in the Long Seventies, and the critical area studies. By providing an overview of The 70s’ Third Worldism and tracing its discourse on the Anti-Vietnam War Movement 反越戰運動 (1970-73) and the Baodiao Movement 保釣運動 (also known as the Defend Diaoyutai Movement, 1971-72), this essay explores the trans-regional political imaginary and the concept of “Asia” in The 70s. This essay also revisits the collectives’ review and adjustment of its world consciousness as the movement progressed, which led to multiple and complex pathways in examining international politics.