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2019
This paper proposes a model based on robust control for three-phase three-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) power converters. Based on the continuous averaged model of the power system, a Sliding Mode Control (SMC) technique is applied to implement in the control system. The nonlinear SMC based on Gao's reaching law has been utilized to control the grid current in order to inject desired amount of active and reactive power to the grid. Using a single dc source at the NPC inverter dc bus, neutral point voltage is controlled through redundant switching states and instantaneous dc voltage feedback integrated into proposed controlling technique. There is no external voltage controller involved, since no associated fine-tuning issues are existed. Simulation results are provided to verify the fast-dynamic performance, low content of line current THD, and good voltage balancing of dc bus capacitors of NPC inverter.
IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2016
In this paper, a fixed-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) based on sliding-mode current controller (SMCC) is designed and applied to a utility interface threephase/wire/level Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) inverter. The proposed design methodology of the SMC is based on a constant switching frequency operation and on Gao's reaching law that allows chattering compensation. The aim of the controller is to inject a controlled active power from renewable energy sources into the grid while controlling the power factor and minimizing supply current harmonics. Moreover, the DC-link voltages across the split capacitors are controlled with a simple proportional-integral (PI) regulator. Experimental results show the advantages of the proposed control algorithm in terms of fast dynamic response, low voltage ripple on the dc bus, low current THD, and robustness towards external perturbations from DC and AC sides, moreover a comparison with a PWM-PI current controller is presented. Keywords-Sliding-mode control, three-phase neutral-pointclamped inverter, active rectifier, NPC, active filters, hybrid filters.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016
This paper presents a closed-loop space vector modulation (SVM) based sliding mode controller (SMC) for a three-level grid connected neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) inverter. The nonlinear SMC based on Gao's reaching law has been designed to control the grid current and inject desired amount of active and reactive power into the network. Due to using single DC source at the NPC inverter DC bus, neutral point voltage is controlled through redundant switching states and instantaneous DC voltage feedback integrated into SVM technique. Meanwhile, there is no external voltage controller involved, thus no associated fine tuning issues are existed. The performance of the proposed hybrid controller to inject a desired active/reactive power to the grid is investigated through external perturbations such as change in the line current amplitude/phase shift, AC voltage fluctuation as well as DC voltage variation. Full converter state space model was developed and simulated. Experimental results are provided to verify the fast dynamic performance, low content of line current THD%, and good voltage balancing of DC bus capacitors of the NPC inverter.
Energies, 2020
Three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter is widely used in energy conversion systems due to its good properties for high-power systems presenting output waveforms with reduced harmonic distortion. To obtain better system performance, an integral sliding-mode control (ISMC)-based direct power control (DPC) strategy is proposed for NPC converters. The controller achieves three objectives. First, an extended state observer (ESO)-based ISMC strategy, to enforce the active and reactive power to their reference values, is applied in the power tracking loop. ESO is used to reduce the influence of parameter uncertainties. Next, in the voltage regulation loop, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN)-based adaptive ISMC strategy is applied to regulate the DC-link voltage. RBFNN is used to estimate the load variation, which is considered as a disturbance, to improve the system disturbance rejection ability. An adaptive law is used in the controller to reduce the chattering of r...
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2013
In this work, a Model Based Adaptive Direct Power Control (MB-ADPC) with constant switching frequency for Three-Phase Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped (3L-NPC) converters is proposed. The rectifier and inverter operation mode are used to illustrate the flexibility of the proposed MB-ADPC controller. The control design process is based on the continuous averaged model of the system. Depending on the operation mode different control objectives have to be guaranteed. The proposed controller ensures the voltage regulation of the dc-link capacitors for the rectifier operation mode and to achieve voltage balance in the dc-link capacitors and the active and reactive power tracking for the rectifier and inverter operation modes. In addition, adaptive techniques are used to avoid system parameters uncertainties as smoothing inductors and grid frequency values. This work shows that the application of advanced control strategies based on the system model allows enhancing the performance of the overall system. The details of the controllers design process and the experimental results using a 50 kVA Three-Phase Three-Level NPC prototype are presented in this paper validating the proposed controllers.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017
This paper presents a model predictive sliding mode control (MPSMC) scheme for a three-phase AC/DC converter to achieve better stability and dynamic performances. In the conventional model predictive control (MPC) method, a proportional integral (PI) controller is used to generate the active power reference. This traditional model predictive PI control (MPPIC) scheme, however, produces a large overshoot/undershoot, a long settling time and a large steady state error under disturbances. To overcome these deficiencies, a sliding mode controller is employed to replace the PI controller. Since the control law and the controller are designed based on the system model, the proposed MPSMC scheme can reduce the effects of unexpected disturbances, such as the output voltage demand and the resistance load variations. Both methods have been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink during various disturbances. Compared with the performances of MPPIC, the results obtained from MPSMC show that the settling time of the DC voltage can be minimized by about 91% and the overshoot can be eliminated from 9.13% during the steady state progress. The active and reactive power from MPSMC can also be controlled to the desired values, respectively, with a much smaller overshoot/undershoot and a faster response speed. Similar dynamic improvements can be achieved with MPSMC when the DC voltage demand varies. The simulation results are validated by experimental results.
2019 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)
This paper presents the sliding mode control (SMC) applied to an innovative active rectifier. This proposed active rectifier is constituted by a single-switch, and operates with three voltage levels, evidencing a set of advantages when compared with conventional approaches of power factor correction topologies. Taking into account the diversity of applications for this type of power converter, the SMC is used in order to obtain a robust current tracking. Since the active rectifier is controlled according to the ac grid-side current, the error between such current and its reference is determined, and by employing the SMC, this error is minimized during each sampling period with the objective of selecting the state of the single-switch. A comprehensive description about the SMC implementation, supported by the overall operation of the active rectifier, is presented throughout the paper. The obtained computational results for a set of different operating conditions, comprising significant power ranges and sudden variations, confirm the accurate application of the SMC when applied to the proposed single-switch three-level active rectifier. A comparison is also established with other current control, allowing to confirm the precise application of the SMC strategy.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2007
A new predictive strategy for current control of a three-phase neutral point clamped inverter is presented. It is based on a discrete-time model of the system, used to predict future values of the load current and voltage of the capacitors in the DC-link, for each possible switching state generated by the inverter. The state that minimizes a given quality function "g" is selected to be applied during the next sampling interval. Several compositions of g are proposed, including terms dedicated to achieve reference tracking, balance in the DC-link and reduction of the switching frequency. The algorithm uses the redundancy of switching states, typical of a three-level inverter, by means of a simple strategy. In comparison with classic PWM current control, the strategy presents a remarkable performance. The proposed method achieves comparable reference tracking with lower switching frequency per semiconductor and a slightly improved transitory behavior. It requires a greater sampling frequency, which should not be a problem, considering the present technologies available in digital signal processors. The main advantage of the method is that it does not require any kind of linear controller or modulation technique, achieving a different approach to control a power converter.
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2009
This letter proposes a new control scheme for the neutral-point (NP) balance in single-phase three-level NP-clamped converters. The control is addressed considering the plant under study, a nonlinear time-variant system. A quasi-exact linearization is applied allowing the application of classic control techniques. The described method is simple, general, and suitable for buck and boost topologies, as well as for inverter or rectifier operating modes under either linear or nonlinear loading. Correct operation is verified under simulated and experimental operation.
With the increasing footprint of renewable energy, the drive towards a cleaner environment has consistently pushed forward the development of power electronics based power converters. While the basic principles of operating the power electronics in these power converters have been very e↵ective in providing for a very efficient system, new topologies and advanced control strategies enable us to achieve a still higher efficiency, simplification and help us overcome some of the fundamental problems encountered in operation. One of the fundamental requirements of the power electronic converters is that they require a significantly large output capacitors. it is necessary to remove ripples in the rectified AC voltage. Numerous approaches have been presented in the past to overcome these issues including the addition of a ripple compensator to a conventional H-Bridge rectifier as well as using one leg of the H-Bridge itself as a neutral leg. A new controller; based on sliding mode has been proposed here to a neutral leg topology as well as the conventional H-Bridge topology of a single-phase power converter. In case of a rectifier, the ripple energy is separated and directed towards the lower split capacitor present at the neutral leg so that the upper split capacitor may have very small ripples while in case of an inverter the lower capacitor actually acts as an independently controlled DC source. all the while the capacitance is kept to be very small. The control of the two legs in the rectifier is performed independently granting the controller an extra degree of freedom and an easier extrapolation to the 3-phase implementation. The controller operates the power electronic switches to regulate the input grid current and achieve unity power factor as well as to maintain a stable DC bus voltage removing the need for any other power factor correction circuit.
International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics
The use of power electronic converters influences the generation of harmonics and reactive power flow in power system. Therefore, three-phase multilevel improved power quality AC-DC converters are gaining lot of popularity in power conversion applications. This work deals with critical problem of multilevel structure i.e neutral point potential (NPP) variation. In this paper, a simplified current controlled scheme is presented to ensure unity power factor operation. Neutral point potential (NPP) of three-phase, 3-level NPC AC-DC converter is controlled by modifying control signal in the controller using NPP regulator. An auxiliary circuit is being presented in this paper as an alternative option for controlling the neutral point potential of the converter. Comparison has been carried out between these control techniques in terms of power quality. A complete mathematical model is presented for better understanding of both techniques used for NPP control. The presented control techniques has been verified through simulation investigations and validated experimentally on the developed laboratory prototype.
IEEE Access, 2020
A sliding mode control (SMC) strategy with dc capacitor voltage balancing is proposed for three-phase three-level T-type rectifiers. The proposed SMC strategy is designed in the abc frame rather than the dq frame. In this case, the necessity of three-phase current transformations is eliminated. The proposed SMC is based on the errors of the line currents. The amplitude of line current references is generated by controlling the dc voltage using a proportional-integral (PI) controller. In order to obtain unity power factor, the generated reference amplitude is multiplied by the corresponding sinusoidal waveform obtained from the phase locked loop (PLL) operating with grid voltages. The dc capacitor voltage balancing is achieved by adding a proportional control term into the line current reference obtained for each rectifier leg. The performance of the proposed control strategy is validated by simulations and experiments during steady-state, transients caused by load change, and unbalanced grid conditions. The results show that the proposed control strategy offers excellent steady-state and dynamic performances with low THD in the line currents, zero steady-state error in the output voltage, and very fast dynamic response.
2008
Due to the increase of the distributed power generation in recent years, power system operators have updated their grid connection requirements, in order to include distributed power generation plants operation in the transient operation control of the overall electric power system. Among them, low voltage ride-through requirements demand wind power plant to remain connected to the network in presence of grid voltage dips, contributing to keep network voltage and frequency stable. Wind power technology points to increase voltage levels. Hence, multilevel converters are well suited for this application. The use of symmetrical components to control grid-connected voltage-source converters is simple and effective, but a sequence separation method is needed, which delivers inexact response during a lapse of time after a fault appearance or clearance. This inaccurate response can be a significant drawback. Predictive current control presents similar dynamic response and reference tracking than other well established control methods, but working at lower switching frequencies. In this work, predictive current control is applied to the grid-side NPC converter, in order to fulfil LVRT requirements. Then, a sequence separation method is not needed and inaccuracies after grid fault appearance and clearance are removed from the system performance. DC-link neutral point balance is also achieved by means of the predictive control algorithm, which considers the redundant switching states of the NPC. Simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed control approach.
This paper deals with the analysis of a control system for a three-phase three-level inverter with a Neutral-Point-Clamped topology. This last is a good topology for high voltage, high power applications and low current waveform distortion. However, it has an inherent problem of neutral point potential variation. In this way, a Direct Torque Control (DTC) technique has been applied and the estimated value of the Neutral Point Potential (NPP) is used, which is calculated by motor currents. This control strategy offers the possibility of selecting appropriate switching state through a switching table to achieve the control of NPP. This study shows the effect of the stability problem of the DC voltages on the DTC performances.
The Journal of Engineering, 2018
A control topology input-parallel-output-series converter system is investigated, which is suitable for high-voltage and high-output power applications. In this control method input current sharing (ICS) and output current sharing (OVS) taken into account. As observed, ICS is automatically attained as OVS sharing is controlled. In this design, two modules are connected in series, Module 1 provided variable voltage but in Module 2 by using three-level neutral-point-clamped converter and designing a comprehensive control feedback system, which regulates the DC voltages at the constant magnitude and constant frequency, helps to provide constant output voltages in the event of uncertain disturbance and load variation, A feedback double closedloop control topology (inner current loop control and outer voltage loop control) with the combination of sliding mode control and a proportional-integral control method. A simulation model is built, by using MATLAB/Simulink, and the simulation results show excellent performance and feasibility of this system. This will be beneficial for research and improvement for the grid-connected converter.
2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2010
The development of discrete sliding mode control for three-phase PWM converters with LCL filter is presented. This robust control method is investigated for the current control loop. Done in a discrete state space system, a feedforward feedback structure is utilized. A reference state trajectory and feedforward control in αβ coordinates, discrete integral SMC in dq coordinates are designed and analysed. Simulation and experimental results are shown.
Energies
In distributed power generation systems, grid-connected inverters are becoming an attractive means of delivering the energy generated from renewable sources into the grid. However, the performance of the current controller drastically decreases in the presence of model uncertainty, grid harmonics, filter parametric, and grid impedance variations, which can jeopardize the entire system’s stability. This paper presents a novel design of a super-twisting integral sliding mode control (ST-ISMC) strategy for the first time in the application of a three-phase voltage source grid-connected inverter. The designed controller has shown robustness and maintains a low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the presence of filter parameters drift, grid impedance variation, and grid harmonics distortion. The super-twisting action is added to remove the chattering problem associated with the conventional SMC strategy, and integral action is adopted to improve the grid’s current steady-state error. The...
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