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2006, Pearson eBooks
Perception and interpretation 3 Learning and memory 4 Motivation, values and involvement 5 Attitudes 6 Attitude change and interactive communication 7 The self Part C Consumers as Decision Makers 8 Individual decision-making 9 Shopping, buying, evaluating and disposing 10 Group influence and opinion leadership Part D A Portrait of European Consumers 11 European family structure and household decision-making 12 Income and social class 13 Age subcultures Part E Culture and European Lifestyles 14 Culture and consumer behaviour 15 Cultural change processes 16 Lifestyles and European cultures 17 New times, new consumers
2009
Consumers put in the new circumstances of the European Union area is in the process of adapting behavior in market relations, the conditions in which enjoys growing prosperity, the increased degree of civilization. How businesses will respond to their offer of goods to the requirements of the consumers in the European Single Market space is a management process of identifying and meeting the needs of consumers outside the national space enterprise, taking into account the environmental factors specific to each market external. Purchase decision process is identical for all countries, different final decision to purchase, because the influences caused by socio-economic or cultural. Cultural environment is the composition showing the highest rigidity factor change action, therefore, usually followed by guided conduct business in foreign markets is the attempt to adapt and respect the cultural values of each country. Our work aims to highlight the influence of cultural factors, the expression of a specific market requirement, which makes both kinds of products, offered to consumers and purchasing behavior and consumption of a consumer in the EU.
Przegląd Europejski 4/2019, 2019
The article aims to analyse the specificities of modern consumer society in the European Union and, therefore, it presents the genesis and the essence of consumer society development in Europe. It points to the idea of consumer society in terms of economy, politics, sociology, and philosophy. The specificities of the modern consumer society in the European Union are influenced by legislative processes in regard to the economical safety of consumers including safety of goods in terms of information, education, and redress, with special regard to cross-border transactions. The article presents the definition of consumer ethics and the specifics of certain ethical norms connected with the purchase process, what have evolved together with the development of consumer society in the EU.
The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis, 2011
Consumer behaviour has been the subject of study and conjecture by a variety of disciplines (Campbell, 1991) each of which reflects its own particular perspective on people as consumers and their behaviour. The following is a selective introduction to this wide ranging subject to illustrate some of the concepts used in the identification of consumer motivation and in the selection of the products they buy and use. It is not in the scope of this introductory text to cover a large number of other issues, such as the complex nature of collective consumption or the environmental implications of current consumption behaviour.
International Journal of Consumer Studies, 2007
A convenience sample of 27 European Union (EU) citizens and two Romanians residing in the Scottish Central Belt took part in in-depth interviews to explore a wide range of consumer decision-making scenarios which ranged from borrowing and saving to impulse buying and 'value for money' choices. The aim of the research was to identify and assess how well educated young EU consumers perceive the consumer education process and the precise nature of consumption specific skills. Given the focus of the present paper on consumer judgement, the role of values received particular attention. The Schwartz Value Inventory served as a conceptual framework for analysing the responses. The results show that the family in its role as primary creator of values was considered the most important agent in the consumer education process because it establishes a routine pattern of decision making. Further support from social networks in the wider community and real-life experience through trial and error were cited as equally significant for acquiring useful consumer skills. There was consensus that the influence of schools was limited to providing generic citizenship education rather than specific consumer studies classes. The findings of this study point to the need for changing the current focus of consumer education and consumer policy from an emphasis on training the vulnerable consumer to a more inclusive agenda which concentrates on value education for all market players including producers and marketers.
Consumers are considered, within the European vision, the “life force” of the economy. Although the technological means are increasingly available, both European SMEs and consumers are still suspicious of conducting cross-border trade. Single European market has the potential to become the largest market in the world. Currently, it remains largely fragmented along national borders, forming 27 mini-markets. The European Commission’s aim is to achieve a more integrated internal market such that consumers from each Member State have an equally high level of confidence in products, traders, selling methods, as well as consumer protection – no matter where they decide to make their purchases within the EU. The paper presents a secondary analysis of data regarding the many differences in terms of Europeans’ consumption patterns for different product categories (as a percentage of total expenditures). For example, the share of household budget used to purchase food is highest in our countr...
2010
The paper highlights selected aspects of consumer research in Denmark during the past 50 years and attempts not only to give examples of research topics that have been prominent in the history of consumer research in Denmark, but also show how the evolvement of research is linked to people, societal interests, funding opportunities and international networks. The topics selected are consumer policy, lifestyle and culture, attitude formation, cognitive structure, attention/perception/inferences, and retailing.
ACR Asia-Pacific Advances, 2011
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of research based on the Consumer Culture Theory CCT that will be basis to understand the new forms of consumption experiences. This will provide a conceptual framework to define the new status of the consumer in marketing literature and therefore understand the paradigm of the "new consumer". Indeed, the recent studies in the consumption field underline the evolution of consumer representations in the consumer behaviour literature since the consolidation of the multidisciplinary approach based on CCT philosophy. This article reviews the extensive, multidisciplinary body of French and international literature relating to consumer behaviour studies. The key outputs of this paper showed that the main behaviours of the "new consumer" might be defined according to different categories such as: experiential and hedonistic behaviour, digital and competent behaviour, paradoxical behaviour, responsible and ethical behaviour, coproduction and participative behaviour, empowerment, doit-yourself behaviour. These concepts mainly derived from the CCT philosophy highlight the transformation of the consumer role: from passive to an increasingly active role within his consumption experiences.
IAEME PUBLICATION, 2018
Realizing, and as well, analyzing the purchasing behaviour of consumer is the core constituent to provide efficient consumer satisfaction. A consumer is not only purchasing a produce, but he alone determines the victory of a firm. Hence for every successful firm, there exists a consumer support behind it. That support is technically called behavioural support and behind the support there is lot of theories to analyze and discuss the various concerns involving to consumer behaviour. Since World War II, taking into account the dire need of the public, the marketers started to market and encourage the produce what the consumers needed, instead of producing what the companies prefer. The concept of understanding the behaviour of consumer emerged in late 1940’s from which it has taken into so many dimensions. This is now known as “modern concepts of marketing”. At present, Consumer behaviour is commonly influenced by social, psychoanalytic and economical approaches. Each factor openly or not directly accounts to the characteristics of a buyer. Hence it is vital to be aware of the role of factors influencing the buying nature of consumer. The main iota of this research paper is to analyze the theoretical underpinnings and factors involved in consumer behaviour and its implications, in the light of developments crop upped in the recent past.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of ecodesigned p ackaging on consumers' response. The theory of reasoned action (TRA) served as a framework for identifying major antecedents of ecodesigned packaging behavior a nd for determining their relative importance. Structural equation modeling was u sed to analyze the data of 204 young Indian consumers and test the proposed conc eptual model. The finding of the study confirmed that purchase intention towards ecofriendly packaging is significantly influenced by personal norms, attitude, environmental concern and willingness to pay. The paper also provides interestin g insights about young consumers towards eco-designed packaging. These useful in sights will helpful to marketers in developing the focused strategies towards yo ung consumers and encourage them to reduce the global ecological footprint of pa ckaging. ABSTRACT: The recognition of consumers' behaviour is crucial for effective marke ting plans. Evidences explain that the psychological pricing communicates meanin g to consumers. This study theoretically examines the impact of psychological pr icing on consumers' buying behaviour. The study has used secondary data from res earch papers, monographs, theses, popular articles, and newspapers. Findings sho w that socio demographic factors like age, income, education, gender, lifestyle, family size, reference groups, social roles and status and the psychological pa tterns like representativeness, availability of products and the anchoring heuri stics are key factors which influence consumers' buying behaviour. Additionally, the consumers, who are more price cognisant are more probable to select nine-en ding prices. Indeed, low involved customers, those with a small hedonic and symb olic attachment profile, low educated, low income and younger customers are pron e to select the nine-ending priced products and services. The findings can have implications for retailers, pricing managers, researchers, academicians, society and government. ABSTRACT: Dissatisfactory service experiences and consumer complaints following such experiences are everyday occurrences. Prior research has not only examined the emotions experienced because of failed service encounters but also has explo red the resultant behaviours towards the service provider and the service. Howev er, prior research does not distinguish between negative word-of-mouth (NWOM) mo tivated by marketplace-helping behaviour such as consumer advocacy and NWOM as v enting triggered by emotions such as anger and frustration. The current study ex amines the direct relationship between regret and disappointment and consumer ad vocacy. Unlike past studies, the current study explores two types of customer di ssatisfaction: agent based and outcome based. Study 1 uses a vignette methodolog y, and Study 2 uses experience sampling in which respondents provide personal ep isodes of failed service encounters. In contrast with a previous proposition, we find that regret has a significant negative relationship with consumer advocacy . Disappointment based on external events demonstrates a significant positive re lationship, whereas disappointment caused by another person has a weaker relatio nship with consumer advocacy. ABSTRACT: There is a growing pressure from the stakeholders and regulatory bodie s to promote green consumption. Heightened environmental consciousness is also c ontributing to greater adoption of green products and services. But still there exists a value action gap in the way the consumers think and respond. This study ex plores the psychological factors which affect the green purchasing behaviour (GP B) of young consumers in India. Our primary question was what are the factors whi ch play a vital role in the adoption and curtailment of green purchasing behavio ur of young Indian consumers? Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed existenc e of five underlying variables namely environmental attitude (EA), environmental consciousness (EC), GPB, environmental involvement (EI) and perceived effective ness of environmental behaviour (PEEB). Subsequently, regression analysis was pe rformed to explain the role of EI of these young consumers in overall GPB. The s tudy makes significant contribution to existing literature by providing valuable insights into the psyche of young consumers. Impulsive buying tendency: Measuring important relationships with a new perspect ive and an indigenous scale (ABSTRACT: With the opening up of the economy and the proliferation of mall cultu re, the economic relevance of impulsive buying behaviour has assumed significanc e. Impulsive buying behaviour is better understood by examining the impulsive bu ying tendency that shapes such behaviour, and since consumer behaviour differs a cross cultures, by incorporating an indigenous perspective in understanding and measuring the tendency. Studies were conducted to develop an Indian scale for me asuring impulsive buying tendency and to validate it by examining its associatio n with other relevant variables. A two factor, 8-item scale was developed; a sig nificant positive relationship was seen between impulsive buying tendency and im pulsive buying behaviour, and the relationship between impulsive buying tendency and self-control was found to be inversely significant. Results also showed sig nificant relationship between impulsive buying tendency and the two personality constructs of Conscientiousness and Extraversion. ABSTRACT: This exploratory study is a pioneering research in the study of chocol ate consumption amongst Indian consumers. Most studies look at chocolate consump tion as deviant behaviour. However, for a developing country like India the freq uency and amount of consumption is low; hence the factors influencing/hindering the consumption are of interest both for academicians as well as practitioners.
Management:Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies, 2021
Research Question: This paper examines the influence of femininity and collectivism as a dimension of Serbian national culture on activities, interests and opinions, i.e., consumer lifestyle components. Motivation: Consumer lifestyle is largely shaped by the effects of the culture to which consumers belong. Starting from the relevant Kotler & Keller (2017) consumer behaviour model that demonstrates the previously given fact, as well as identified research gap related to investigating the influence of Hofstede's national culture dimensions on activities, interests and opinions as lifestyle components, the study gives useful insights into the importance of knowing and respecting cultural differences when defining marketing strategies that aim to shape or influence a particular consumer lifestyle. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing a new idea for developing a research framework that could be used in cross-cultural or consumer behaviour studies. Idea: The ...
The SAGE Handbook of Consumer Culture is a one-stop resource for scholars and students of consumption, where the key dimensions of consumer culture are critically discussed. The editors have organised contributions from a global and interdisciplinary team of scholars into six key sections: Part 1: Sociology of Consumption Part 2: Geographies of Consumer Culture Part 3: Consumer Culture Studies in Marketing Part 4: Consumer Culture in Media and Cultural Studies Part 5: Material Cultures of Consumption Part 6: The Politics of Consumer Culture
2006
Consumer Behaviour provides an overall examination of the economic, social, cultural and psychological factors that affect consumers in the marketplace. The course examines the consumer from two perspectives -first, the effects of internal forces on an individual including perceptions, motivations, lifestyles and attitudes, then second, the effects of external factors as a group member considering family and group influences, including age, gender, social class, social, religious, regional, household and other sub-cultural and cultural influences.
In Present Marketing Scenario, the Study of Consumer Behavior has become essential. Consumers are the kings of markets. Without consumers no business organization can run. All the activities of the business concerns end with consumers and consumer satisfaction. Customer behavior study is based on consumer buying behavior, with the customer playing the three distinct roles of user, payer and buyer. Consumer buying behaviour has become an integral part of strategic market planning. In order to develop a framework for the study consumer behaviour it is helpful to begin by considering the evolution of the field of consumer research and the different paradigms of thought that have influenced the discipline. As described in this article, a set of dimensions can be identified in the literature, which can be used to characterize and differentiate, the various perspectives on consumer research. It is argued that consumer behaviour itself emerged as a distinct field of study during the 1960s; and is characterized by two broad paradigms, the positivist and the non-positivist. The positivist paradigm encompasses the economic, behavioural, cognitive, motivational / trait / attitudinal, and situational perspectives; these perspectives are referred to as the traditional perspectives as they pre-date the development of the non-positivist paradigm. The positivist paradigm, which is still the dominant paradigm, emphasizes the supremacy of human reason and that there is a single, objective truth that can be discovered by science. The opposing, non-positivist paradigm, envelops the interpretive and postmodern perspectives, which have emerged more recently during the period post-1980 to date. The rational view and the ideology of a homogenous social culture and thereby deny the complex social and cultural world in which consumers live. The traditional, positivist perspective takes a very utilitarian approach to the benefits from consumption. While the non-positivist perspectives place much greater emphasis on the symbolic dimensions of choice. The objective of non-positivist research endeavour is to achieve a better understanding of consumer behaviour with no specific intent to influence consumer processes. This article aims to identify different streams of thought that could guide future consumer research.
China-USA Business Review, 2015
Generation Y is a group of young people, who draw on life to the full, with unlimited possibilities of choice. The segment of young consumers constitutes an attractive target market of many companies functioning on the Internet. The aim of paper is identification and comparison of e-consumers' purchasing behaviors in selected European countries. The results present following aspects of online purchasing process: motives for online shopping, a way of collecting and sources of information about an offer, determinants of product selection, conditions for online shopping and commerce organizational forms on the Internet, and determinants of selection of a shopping place. The extensive objectives of report required narrowing its subject scope and spatial direct research. The subjects of the study were e-consumers aged from 18 to 25, doing online shopping. The study was conducted in 2012 in six ultimately selected European countries: France, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, and Italy, by a random survey on a sample of 1,800 e-consumers. The thesis was made that the differences of psychographic features (resulting from a national culture) and living conditions (resulting from social-economic development of particular countries) of e-consumers do not significantly influence their purchasing behaviors on the Internet, thanks to which people may treat e-consumers from different European countries as a homogenous group of e-purchasers. However, when analyzing young consumers' behaviors in the virtual scope (on the Internet), this paper may propose a thesis that regardless of a country and culture of origin, these behaviors are similar to each other. Young e-consumers "making a living" from the Internet on a daily basis, search for information in the same sources (www websites, in e-shops, and on Internet forum), in a similar way (e.g., using an Internet browser or a price comparer), and for the same reason (to compare prices of products).
Every man is a consumer, and ought to be a producer. He is by constitution expensive, and needs to be rich.
Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 2013
In the context of globalization, neither the study of consumption, nor the study of consumer buying behaviour, can be explained as the mere interaction between a limited number of personal and impersonal (or external factors), but as an utterly complex and undoubtedly progressive process. Moreover, what today is o en referred to as consumer behaviour research, represents the result of interweaving various and prolonged e orts coming from a wide spanning array of heterogeneous disciplines. Analysing consumers and their purchase decisions/ consumption patterns/ post-consumption attitudes etc. only from an economic or psychological perspective will lead to an over-constrained problem, for which the solution will be at the same time academically unsound, and practically infeasible. Sallying forth on the wings of this realisation, the present essay sheds some light on the signi cance of consumer behaviour research from a historical and multidisciplinary perspective, arguing against the isolation of the eld within the narrow con nes of a single discipline. e main objectives underpinning this work are the following: (1) to provide a straightforward conceptualization for consumer behaviour as a research domain; (2) to provide an extensive review of the main paradigms in the study of consumer behaviour; (3) to underline the importance of multidisciplinary approaches for a correct understanding of consumer behaviour. Even though this research represents a theoretical inquiry of previous literature, exhaustiveness is not one of its goals. Moreover, whilst they present evidence coming from previous works, the authors do not shy away from stating their own beliefs and ideas, thus imbuing the present work with an unmistakable subjective perspective.
Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 2016
Fast changes in retailing and complex consumer decision-making processes have increased the need for additional investigation of differences and similarities in consumer decision-making styles (CDMS) in various countries. This paper tests the reliability and validity of Sproles and Kendall's Consumer Style Inventory (CSI) instrument, identifies and compares CDMS in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia (FYR). Data obtained from surveys conducted among university students in observed countries (n = 1.206) were analysed by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results provided support for six factors, which means that the original US eight-model cannot be fully applied in this region. Croatian consumers are the least brand-conscious and novelty-fashion conscious. Macedonian consumers are the most quality-conscious, brand-conscious, novelty-fashion conscious, recreational shopping conscious and brand-loyal, while Bosnian consumers are the most confused by overchoice. The traits of price consciousness and impulsiveness were not tested because of lack of reliability among items. The paper provides guidelines for marketers on how to position and more effectively advertise their products and services in analysed countries.
Contemporary notions of marketing - such as international subcultures, the Information Society and the global village - would lead us to believe that consumers have access to and consume an abundance of products from different countries. In the light of increasing standardisation by global corporations, it follows the assumption that there will be a gradual convergence in consumer behaviour. This study explores the consumer behaviour of Anglo-Saxons living in the Rhône-Alpes area of south-east France - with reference to country-of-origin (COO) effects when shopping for food produce. Building on studies of acculturation, the research sets out to explore the extent to which specific factors such as price, gender, age and length of residence in a foreign country may have an influence on consumer choice when purchasing groceries, in relation to the COO.
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