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2015
AI
The research examines the role of civil society and public representation in decision-making processes in Kosovo, highlighting their complementary nature in shaping public policies. The study hypothesizes that while Kosovo has legal mechanisms for citizen participation, the lack of a cohesive civic representation strategy diminishes the effectiveness of public advocacy. Through legal analysis and questionnaire responses, the findings confirm the existence of necessary mechanisms but reveal a gap in strategic representation efforts within civil society.
Участь громадськості у формуванні та реалізації державної політики, 2014
The article is about the problems of public participation in the formulation and implementation of national policy. The possible forms of public participation are concerned and the shortcomings of the Procedure for public consultation on the formulation and implementation of national policy are analyzed. In particular the dialectic of form and content of communication with the public is investigated. Public wants to be heard, so the degree of public participation and activity depends on the extent of government power to appreciate such position. So the guidelines for education and development of the activity of society worked out in some of the rules of the game to communicate with the public. Here we are talking about establishing institutional mechanisms for public participation. Government has to show the desire and expect public participation by itself. Therefore the public participation process is not independent, but it is a consequence of the authorities` attitude to the local problems and the public institution as a whole. The article also shows the basic postulates how to defer to public opinion in state decision-making. In addition, public factor is offered to design in implementing the state policy of each department of the local executive. In particular, it is recommended to have at least one expert in the each unit manning board of the local executive authority to pursue a course of "the promotion of civil society"; respective roles should be reflected in the provisions of subdivisions and job descriptions of the workers; the costs of organizing and holding the community involvement shall be estimated separately in the expenses budget for the maintenance. A specification of the deferring to public opinion mechanism in forming out and implementing public policy is also recommended to be expected from the lawmakers.
The article examines the aspects related to citizens’ involvement in the decision-making process at local and county levels in Romania from the point of view of the top level civil servants and public officials. The research interest for this issue is part of a larger research effort aiming at determining the main patterns of decision-making process in the Romanian public institutions, including the characteristics of the interactive decision-making models. Our paper seeks to find out who are the policy actors that participate in different stages of the decision making process, the level of their involvement and the degree of citizens’ involvement in public decisions making. The research was conducted on a representative sample at the national level and the sample included top level civil servants and public officials working in county councils and local councils from county seats, municipalities, cities and communes. The response rate was approximately 30% and it is based on 381 questionnaires filled in and sent back by the respondents. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that only local public institutions were analyzed and that we focused exclusively on the public officials’ and top level civil servants’ perception about citizen participation. The research shows a low level of citizens’ involvement in the decision-making process, even though public institutions from local and county level provide them with the necessary means for participation. However, when the citizens submit suggestions in the policy formulation stage, their suggestions are taken into consideration by the public officials. The research provides us with enough evidences to characterize the public participation in Romania at local and county level as a form of consultation according to the Arnstein’s ladder of participation. Even if citizens have a chance to be heard, the political elected officials hold the control over the decision-making process.
The community nowadays is defined as a group with a social affiliation, shared value, and interaction that links these members together. Participation of the community in decision making is considered essential characteristics of democracy and particularly of the local government. Thus local governments, through various democratic forms, seek to involve the community to be part of the decision-making process. Various studies and reports in Kosovo do emphasize that participation of the community in policy design and development is low. For this purpose, this paper aims to analyse the community's participation of the community in the decision-making process with a particular emphasis on the municipality of Pristina. The research provides a holistic approach to community development in the municipality of Pristina, the level of participation in decision-making processes, forms of communication between local government and the community, and the impact of community development in drafting public policies at the local level. The methodology used here is focused on the different studies and reports on local government and community, and also on quantitative research on public opinion measurement as well. The overall results of this paper emphasize that although there are institutional mechanisms for participation in decision-making, there is a decrease in community participation in decision-making and in the process of drafting and developing local public policies.
Civic-Culture: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan PKn dan Sosial Budaya, 2018
This study was aimed to find a theory about the study of civic education developed as a medium in promoting the public policy. This study used a qualitative approach, with the type of library research to explore liberal, communitarian and republican theories, with data sources consisting of textbooks, journals, and magazines with criteria of relevancy principles relating to research. While the technique of data collection using focused study, with primary source method is Th. Marshall and secondary sources of Peter H. Schuck, Pettit and Thomas Janoski & Brian Gran. This study showed that the theory of civic education on the concept of communitarian republican was very appropriate in promoting public policy, while liberal theory only leads to political democracy about the freedom to express opinions; however other elements were not appropriate because of it against the values of Pancasila. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan teori tentang studi pendidikan kewarganegaraan yang dikembangkan sebagai media dalam mempromosikan kebijakan publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian perpustakaan untuk mengeksplorasi teori liberal, komunitarian dan republik, dengan sumber data yang terdiri dari buku teks, jurnal, dan majalah dengan kriteria prinsip relevansi yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi terfokus, dengan metode sumber primer adalah Th. Marshall dan sumber-sumber sekunder Peter H. Schuck, Pettit dan Thomas Janoski & Brian Gran. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa teori pendidikan kewarganegaraan pada konsep republik komunitarian sangat tepat dalam mempromosikan kebijakan publik, sementara teori liberal hanya mengarah pada demokrasi politik tentang kebebasan untuk mengekspresikan pendapat; namun unsur-unsur lain tidak sesuai karena bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila.
European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2016
The Essence every proper democracy is characterized by the level of participation of citizens in decision-making for different local issues and affairs. The right of direct participation of citizens in decision-making on local issues proclaimed even by the norms prescribed by domestic legal frame (countries apart) but also internationally, which determine in an almost standardize form the participation of citizens in decision-making such as civic initiatives, gatherings of citizens, referendum, public audience, polls, surveys, petitions etc. Through these forms of participation citizens are directly involved in making decisions about local affairs and issues related to the life and the common interests of the local level. Therefore, people with their participation can influence in decision-making in various fields, such as, in the area of decision-making for local policies dealing with legal acts (regulations and other local acts), plans and programs, as well as concrete development...
International Journal of Current Aspects, 2019
Public participation plays an important role in the democratization of countries globally. The accomplishment of public participation process is determined by how well it is organized. This study sought to examine the effects of public participation on local legislation in Banadir region of Somalia. The study was guided by the following objectives, to investigate factors that led to public participation, examine the design of public participation mechanism; investigate the process of public participation and analyze the consequences of public participation. The research will employ a descriptive research design. The study population comprised all the stakeholders including the youth, elders, staff employed by the regional government, the clergy, politicians and the non-governmental organizations involved in public participation in Banadir region. Purposive sampling was done to come up with the sample size of the study. Regarding the variance among the target population, where a number of target population involved, the sample size of this study was 130 respondents. Eighty (80) of the respondents were community members including local politicians, clergies, traders, university lecturers, university students, farmers, chiefs and opinion leaders. Twenty (20) of the participants were management staff and heads of national civil labor departments. Thirty (30) respondents were also from the Local community elders who are engaged in public participation programs in Banadir Region. Both secondary and primary data was accessed for the study. Primary data was collected from the identified stakeholders using the questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained from books and journals from Kenyatta University Post Modern Library. The study used two theories: New public management theory and Cornwall's Theory of Participation that describe the relevance of public participation public development. Data processing and cleaning was done; the descriptive statistics was utilized quantitative data. Statistical tables and graphs was present the result. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study found out that the citizen's attitude has an impact on public participation. When citizens have a positive attitude towards the local legislation services, there are high chances they will participate. The study also found out that public participation design and process have an influence on local legislation. Therefore, the study recommends that the government and other stakeholders should come up with various ways of ensuring that all citizens are informed about public participation. The study also recommended that public participation design and process should be improved with the aim of improving public participation.
Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Political Sciences & European Studies, 2020
The public participation process represents the foundation for the development of a sustainable democratic society. This research paper focuses on the relation between the citizens and public authority throughout cooperation. The concept of public participation is understood here as the interaction between different kinds of actors, through available communication channels, in order to identify needs, opinions and beliefs with the purpose of adopting and implementing them in the form of public policies and decisions. This research paper highlights a communication rupture between the public administration and the citizens in Bucharest. Given the context provided by the COVID-19 pandemic, this research paper highlights the need to modernize the public administration in order to better communicate with the population. Some of the possible causes for the miscommunication, that appeared repeatedly throughout the survey, were the disappointment of the population with the public authority,...
The 3rd Annual International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives 04 - 06 July 2018, Stellenbosch University, Saldahna Bay, South Africa, 2018
To assist the government in determining its mandate, citizens should be involved as they best know their needs. The significance of citizen engagement in the process of policy formulation is rooted in among others, the fact that public policy outputs and effects affect those to whom the policy is targeted at. This paper identifies areas of contribution of citizen involvement in public policy formulation. Literature illustrates that some governments do not engage citizens sufficiently in the process of public policy formulation. It remains relatively unclear as to why government evades engaging citizens in the formulation of public policy and conduct random and cursory consultations in order to enshroud the lack of consultation. The case of Botswana, illustrates that citizens made adequate efforts in the contribution to the formulation of the country's public policy. This study therefore, shows that citizens are an important stakeholder hence government engages them in a specific domain. This study also discusses selected cases of citizen engagement in Botswana. The study further acknowledges that the failure of policy implementation can be linked to failure on the part of civil servants where they do not follow proper procedure as recommended by the government. To this end, public policy successes require strong involvement of public officials to avoid any policy implementation failure.
Along with globalization, the state apparatus has undergone a significant transformation both structurally and functionally like all the other structures and processes. The state increasingly lost its independence in exercising authority, making regulations and performing audit function; and declined to share its power with many actors which exist on local, national, international and global scale. The process of globalization led to an increase in the awareness of individuals in shaping their own life styles and claiming their own rights. Thus, individuals become more active in taking the control of their lives in their hands and improving and changing it for the better. Citizens expect better, more qualified, more efficient and more effective public service from the state in this process. Admittedly, in meeting these expectations, in addition to the fulfilment of basic principles of public service by the state, citizens must have such a perception. In this study, how the citizens evaluate the implementation of basic principles of public service by education, income and age groups will be analyzed by a field survey. Thus, depending on the resulting outcome, how much citizens has become aware of the effectiveness and efficiency of the public services in the process of globalization will be tried to be determined.
Citizen’s participation, it’s a fundamental right which shall be considered both from citizens and government officials to strength the democracy. That’s why its important to engage citizens in the local decision-making process. This paper presents why and how communities should be actively involved in governance not simply as a way to find solution of their concerns but as an important channel to build communication and cooperation with government and strength democracy. This safeguard was put in place to ensure that citizens have an opportunity to provide input on local decisions before they go into effect. In spite of this public notice requirement, many towns and cities around the country still conduct policy-making without full disclosure to the public. In some instances, this occurs due to time constraints or lack of understanding of the public’s role in the decision-making process. In other cases, public officials intentionally neglect to engage the public, as the public might derail their agenda. In this presentation will be presented some of the arguments why its so important to engage citizens in local decision making process not only to guarantee the development of democratic system but as well its promote as well the sustainable development. Respect toward human right cannot be achieved in a society if citizens do not have full access in governance by offering them all opportunities to participate as important tool for the development of a democratic system. First of all, local citizens know best what the local needs and issues are. Secondly, engaging the public in the decision-making process serves to educate both citizens and policy-makers about the various facts of a particular decision or issue from a variety of perspectives. Third, engaging citizens in decision-making makes the implementation of a decision or policy more likely and build trust among them. Finally, engaging the public helps to build accountability for both public officials and the citizens. So, the question remains, how can our community effectively engage citizens in local decision-making, whether these decisions focus on Master Plans, local schools, capital improvement projects, economic development, or other local issues? The paper will try answering this question by promoting a variety of tools that public officials can use to engage citizens in decision-making but as well it will be a good “apperitif” for promoting the debate among experts in the field.
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2013
This study is an attempt to comprehend the very nature of complexity in public policy and to underline the need for a new paradigm in public policy. The study is of the idea that complexity theory and the phenomena associated with complex systems possess a wide array of theoretical and practical tools to comprehend different dimensions of policy processes. Given the challenges of contemporary times with numerous perplexing issues, the work argues that complexity theory is equipped with the tools to grasp the complexities surrounding public policy issues. In such respect, many contemporary paradigms of public policies deal with complexities by means of subscribing to the perspectives of complexity. The study focuses on the basic problematizationhow new public management and governance schemes deal with these complexities. ÖZET Bu çalışma kamusal politikaların doğasındaki komplekslikleri anlamaya ve buna dayalı olarak kamusal politikalar ile ilgili karmaşıklıklara cevap verecek yeni bir paradigmaya ihtiyaç olduğu noktasını vurgulama hedefindedir. Kompleksite kuramı ve karmaşık sistemlerle ilişkili olan çeşitli olgular siyasa süreçlerinin değişik boyutlarını anlamak için bir çok kuramsal ve pratik araç sunar. Günümüz dünyasında zorlu koşullar ve gereklilikler göz önüne alındığında, yapılan çalışma ile kompleksite kuramının kamu politikaları yapımı ve uygulama süreçleri ile ilgili sorunlara hem kuramsal hemde pratik anlamda destek vererek, çözüm yolları gösterebileceği ortaya konmuştur. Bu bakımdan kamusal politikalar ile ilgili güncel paradigmalar komplekslik kuramına başvurarak var olan karmaşıklık sorunu ile mücadele etmektedir. Çalışma yeni kamu işletmeciliği uygulamalarının ve yönetişim
This article opens a discussion for the citizens" being a stakeholder in the formation of public policies in the processes of decision making and application since it is argued that there is a deep need for a transformation in the functions of citizenship institution lately. In this context, this article aims to make an inquiry for the notion of citizenship in terms of chronology and development of its functionality at first sight. Then, possible contributions of civic engagement for the public policy formation are assessed regarding its methodological and ontological perspectives. Thus, this paper analyzes the reasons why citizens engage in decision making processes of public policy formulation phases as a stakeholder for those public services which are directly related their daily life together with its positive and negative aspects. Surely for such a proposition what is crucially valuable is the fact that the activity of civic engagement is potentially feasible in which phase(s) of public policy formulation and to which extent. Eventually, this paper proposes some arguments as the traditional definition of citizenship is not sufficient for the demands coming from downwards to upwards. Besides, the dominant comprehension of democracy present is not suitable with the developing citizenship notion. All in all, this paper strictly proposes and defends such an argument that political systems and administrations could no longer be successful in keeping their legitimacy unless they give special reference to civic engagement in a stakeholder perspective rather than traditional limited citizenship notion.
Public Opinion is concept that has been under dispute for a very long period of time. In the political means the paper searches the conditions that provides a basis for a robust, active, organized and wise public opinion
Poslovna ekonomija, 2021
The participation of citizens in decision-making process at the local level is a prerequisite for the existence of a democratic society. The importance of local producers' involvement in this process is significant because they contribute to the development of the local community and improve its living conditions. The authors deal with the questions of how the local producers in the Veszprém County and the Balaton Region are familiar with these rights, to what extent they use them and what the obstacles for citizen participation in public life at the local level are. In order to examine the whole problem, the survey also includes the representatives of local authorities. This research consists of three parts. After introduction and legislative review, in the second part the results of the survey are presented. The combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research that is characteristic for social sciences is used. Finally, in the last part, recommendations for the impro...
Annals of Faculty of Economics, 2010
The satisfaction of citizens considering public services depends on the way the authorities identify and offer solutions to fulfil citizen's expectations, which are at least identical or even superior to the services offered in private domain. In addition, the worldwide governments are forced to adapt to the pressure exercised by the changes that appear in the demographic, technologic and economic environment, by the growing expectations of citizens and the necessity of lowering the taxes. As a consequence, the public system is starting to adopt the solutions that the citizens identified for the developing of the public policies, implying and making the community responsible in the act of governing.
rtsa.ro
Public participation is an ever significant notion of modern governance. In the light of lower levels of citizen turnout at elections, contemporary democracies face a growing and complex problem of legitimacy. In this sense, in the last decade more and more ...
The foundation of modern local governments in Turkey was laid with an imperial edict in 1839. This reform also called Gulhane Hatt-i Hümayunu or Tanzimat Edict, paved the way for local and regional councils. Since the 1850s, the municipalities have been established. However, it is not possible to talk about the functionality of these municipalities in current terms. Since the proclamation of the Turkish Republic, modern laws regulating local governments were issued. Village Law and Municipal Law are the first examples of these reformations. With the 1961 Constitution, modern participatory local government approach was adopted and mayors began to be elected directly by people for the first time. From 1960 to present, many local government reforms were made, but none of them were so fundamental as in 2012. With this reform, local government system has completely changed. Aim of this study is investigation of results of this reform and find out needs for a new wave of reform. New Metro...
Liberal and Republican thoughts of state and society formations: each side has its own peculiar understanding and emphasis on the existence of civil society and its role in public sphere. The role of civil society in public sphere is utmost an interesting and significant concept since in democracies, it is accepted as vital. However, in history, there is a multitude of different explanations of civil society. Firstly, in antique times, Plato, Aristotle and Cicero emphasize the existence of public sphere, at least the liberties which would come in the existence of the community, in explaining their own ideas i.e. good society. Then, Hobbes’, Locke’s Rousseau’s and Kant’s ideas were dominant as the rise of individuality and enlightenment. In modern era, Hegel, Tocqueville, Marx, and Gramsci take into account the role of civil society in different ways. And Jürgen Habermas adds the civil society into the public sphere argument. That is why; it was always a heated debate in the history of political thoughts. In this paper, I will look at the different descriptions of civil society by liberals and republicans given in different conditions. The terms that used by each side, the backgrounds, the major motives of the philosophies in constituting such an institution, who are the relevant actors that consist the civil society provided by each side and each thinker which included in my reading list. I will try to find the questions as how each side approaches towards the existence of a strong civil society, the importance of it, the composition of it, what would be the results, i.e. is this going to serve as protection for freedoms of free will of individuals or create a common sense in creating the will of the society, in which conditions these could be realized, are there any hierarchies constructed into society i.e. whose interests are more visible etc. At last, after giving a brief wrap-up, I will give my closing remarks in the topic of the role of civil society in public sphere by dealing with whether the arguments can be applied for today’s problems.
Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management, 2019
The public participation (PP) is widely legitimised as a vital prerequisite to achieve sustainable development and as a basic principle of democracy. Under the conditions of the new territorial administrative-territorial division of local government units in the Republic of Albania, the Malesia e Madhe (MM) Municipality is a new one. The purpose of this study was the assessment of attitudes of the local community of areas under the administration of MM Municipality on PP in local planning and decision-making in order to influence future behaviours of the local community to take active part in local decision-making processes. The questionnaire was used as a research instrument for the local community of this Municipality. The research results showed that the local community of this area was generally aware of the need for their involvement in local decision-making, but they considered the municipality as the main responsibility for their involvement in this process.
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