2nd International Plant Spectroscopy Conference (IPSC - 2019)

Applied Sciences, 2022

As a result of the development of non-invasive optical spectroscopy, the number of prospective technologies of plant monitoring is growing. Being implemented in devices with different functions and hardware, these technologies are increasingly using the most advanced data processing algorithms, including machine learning and more available computing power each time. Optical spectroscopy is widely used to evaluate plant tissues, diagnose crops, and study the response of plants to biotic and abiotic stress. Spectral methods can also assist in remote and non-invasive assessment of the physiology of photosynthetic biofilms and the impact of plant species on biodiversity and ecosystem stability. The emergence of high-throughput technologies for plant phenotyping and the accompanying need for methods for rapid and non-contact assessment of plant productivity has generated renewed interest in the application of optical spectroscopy in fundamental plant sciences and agriculture. In this per...

International Standard Book Number-10: I-57444-124-S(Hardcover) lntcmational Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-57444-124-6 (Hardcover) Library of Congress Card Number 97-46558

Frontiers in Plant Science

Detailed knowledge about plant chemical constituents and their distributions from organ level to sub-cellular level is of critical interest to basic and applied sciences. Spectral imaging techniques offer unparalleled advantages in that regard. The core advantage of these technologies is that they acquire spatially distributed semi-quantitative information of high specificity towards chemical constituents of plants. This forms invaluable asset in the studies on plant biochemical and structural features. In certain applications, noninvasive analysis is possible. The information harvested through spectral imaging can be used for exploration of plant biochemistry, physiology, metabolism, classification, and phenotyping among others, with significant gains for basic and applied research. This article aims to present a general perspective about vibrational spectral imaging/microspectroscopy in the context of plant research. Within the scope of this review are infrared (IR), near-infrared (NIR) and Raman imaging techniques. To better expose the potential and limitations of these techniques, fluorescence imaging is briefly overviewed as a method relatively less flexible but particularly powerful for the investigation of photosynthesis. Included is a brief introduction to the physical, instrumental, and dataanalytical background essential for the applications of imaging techniques. The applications are discussed on the basis of recent literature.

Applied Spectroscopy, 2007

Several techniques have been used to identify and classify plants. We proposed Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, together with hierarchical cluster analysis, as a rapid and noninvasive technique to differentiate plants based on their leaf fragments. We applied this technique to three different genera, namely, Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae), Acantholimon (Plumbaginaceae), and Astragalus (Leguminoseae). All of these genera are angiosperms and include a large number of species in Turkey. Ranunculus and Acantholimon have ornamental importance, while Astragalus is an important pharmaceutical genus. The FT-IR spectra revealed dramatic differences, which indicated the variations in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate composition, and protein conformation of the genera. Moreover, cell wall polysaccharides including diverse groups could be identified for each genus. Acantholimon was found to have the highest hydrogen capacity in its polysaccharide and proteins. A higher lignin content and a lower occurrence of decarboxylation and pectin esterification reactions were appointed for Ranunculus and Astragalus compared to Acantholimon. All these results suggested that FT-IR spectroscopy can be successfully applied to differentiate genera, as demonstrated here with Ranunculus, Astragalus, and Acantholimon. In addition, we used this technique to identify the same species from different geographical regions. In conclusion, the current FT-IR study presents a novel method for rapid and accurate molecular characterization and identification of plants based on the compositional and structural differences in their macromolecules.

Current Bioactive Compounds, 2011

2006

Life on earth depends on photosynthesis. Photosynthetic systems evolved early in earth history and have been stable for 2.5 billion years, providing prima facie evidence for these significance of evolutionary functions. Pigments perform multiple plant functions from increasing the range of energy captured for photosynthesis to a range of protective functions. Given the importance of pigments to leaf functioning, greater effort is needed to determine whether individual pigments can be identified and quantified by high fidelity spectroscopy. New methods to identify overlapping pigment absorptions would provide a major advance for understanding plant functions, quantifying net carbon exchange, and identifying plant stresses.

This is Volume 3 - Issue 1 of the Journal of Research in Plant Sciences. Plant Science or more appropriately referred to as Botanical science, is the branch of biological science that involves study of the morphology, anatomy, taxonomy and physiology of plants. It also includes study and analysis of molecular aspects of plant metabolic pathways, and the ecological relationships existing between various plants. In addition, plant sciences also include the study of basic concepts and applied aspects of experimental plant biology, genomics, proteomics, plant biochemistry, cell biology, evolutionary biology, functional plant breeding and systems biology. The current trends and future prospects of plant science research encompass the development of disease resistant plants through plant biotechnological innovations.

This is Volume 1 - Issue 1 of the Journal of Research in Plant Sciences. Plant Science or more appropriately referred to as Botanical science, is the branch of biological science that involves study of the morphology, anatomy, taxonomy and physiology of plants. It also includes study and analysis of molecular aspects of plant metabolic pathways, and the ecological relationships existing between various plants. In addition, plant sciences also include the study of basic concepts and applied aspects of experimental plant biology, genomics, proteomics, plant biochemistry, cell biology, evolutionary biology, functional plant breeding and systems biology. The current trends and future prospects of plant science research encompass the development of disease resistant plants through plant biotechnological innovations.

This is Volume 2 - Issue 1 of the Journal of Research in Plant Sciences. Plant Science or more appropriately referred to as Botanical science, is the branch of biological science that involves study of the morphology, anatomy, taxonomy and physiology of plants. It also includes study and analysis of molecular aspects of plant metabolic pathways, and the ecological relationships existing between various plants. In addition, plant sciences also include the study of basic concepts and applied aspects of experimental plant biology, genomics, proteomics, plant biochemistry, cell biology, evolutionary biology, functional plant breeding and systems biology. The current trends and future prospects of plant science research encompass the development of disease resistant plants through plant biotechnological innovations.

The plastidic 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is one of the most important pathways in plants and produces a large variety of essential isoprenoids. Its regulation, however, is still not well understood. Using the stable isotope 13 C-labeling technique, we analyzed the carbon fluxes through the MEP pathway and into the major plastidic isoprenoid products in isoprene-emitting and transgenic isoprene-nonemitting (NE) gray poplar (Populus 3 canescens). We assessed the dependence on temperature, light intensity, and atmospheric [CO 2 ]. Isoprene biosynthesis was by far (99%) the main carbon sink of MEP pathway intermediates in mature gray poplar leaves, and its production required severalfold higher carbon fluxes compared with NE leaves with almost zero isoprene emission. To compensate for the much lower demand for carbon, NE leaves drastically reduced the overall carbon flux within the MEP pathway. Feedback inhibition of 1-deoxy-Dxylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity by accumulated plastidic dimethylallyl diphosphate almost completely explained this reduction in carbon flux. Our data demonstrate that short-term biochemical feedback regulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5phosphate synthase activity by plastidic dimethylallyl diphosphate is an important regulatory mechanism of the MEP pathway. Despite being relieved from the large carbon demand of isoprene biosynthesis, NE plants redirected only approximately 0.5% of this saved carbon toward essential nonvolatile isoprenoids, i.e. b-carotene and lutein, most probably to compensate for the absence of isoprene and its antioxidant properties.