Overview of different fabric structures

Journal of Textiles, Coloration and Polymer Science

visibility

…

description

16 pages

link

1 file

Abstract

abric is one of humanity's most basic needs, not only for clothing but also for aesthetic and utilitarian reasons. Fabric appearance, texture, suitability for end-use, and other factors are influenced by the fabric-forming process or fabrication procedure. The structure of these fabrics varies based on the interlacement/interloping pattern of yarns, which controls the fabric's qualities. A textile is a flexible material made of a web of synthetic or natural fibres (yarn or thread). Wool, flax, cotton, hemp, or other basic materials are spun into long strands to create yarn. To create a textile, one must weave, knit, crochet, knot, felt, or braid. A successful design must involve consideration of essential factors, including the pattern, theme and placement of motifs, style of presentation, and use of colour. These considerations alone support the creation of a separate professional category for textile design.

Figures (19)

Figure 1: Uses Percent of different technical textile materials [2]

Figure 2: Different types of textile fabrics the oldest methods of producing designs on cloth is resist dyeing.[14]

In warp knitting, the yarns that make up the knitted fabric travel vertically (like warp threads in woven fabric). The thread in weft knitting horizontally moves across the fabric. The weft- knitted fabrics can be made by hand or by machine, whereas the warp-knitted fabrics can only be made by machines. The structural characteristics of fabrics made using these two processes differ significantly.[26] Figure 3: Complex/intricate structures generated by combining basic weaves

Knit, tuck, and miss are the three basic stitches in a knitted fabric. Knitted fabric's look and physical qualities are affected by different stitches and stitch combinations. Different patterns are also generated in knitted fabrics using various stitches and yarns of various colors.[27]

Interlacing one, two, or more sets of yarns with one other or with other sets of yarns at an angle create braided constructions. The angle formed by the yarns and the product axis is usually half of this angle (termed the braiding angle). The braided samples have a small number of designs, with fewer than five is typically utilized. Braids can be manufactured in a tubular or flat construction (see Figure 5). [28, 29]

structure known as the nonwoven fabric (see Figure 7). The process of fabrics formation also determines the name of fabric produced, for example, felt, lace, double-knit, and tricot. [2, 31] bonding or interlocking of fibres produces a fabric

Plain weave fabrics have a 1:1 ratio of warp and weft threads, and the fabric has reduced flexibility but strong wear resistance. Because the interwoven points of the twill weave create a slanted line on the fabric surface, the twill fabric is more supple than plain cloth. Because the satin fabric has longer floated and fewer interlacing points than plain fabric, there are more exposed sections of the yarns in satin fabric, making it softer and less wear- resistant. Weft density, warp density, fabric weave, and side end number are all weaving criteria. These variables have an impact on the fabric's structure and qualities. Different mechanical stimuli and topographies are provided by the textile-based scaffolds, which regulate cell behavior. [33] Figure 7: producing steps of woven fabric The process of weaving is defined as the interlacing of warp and weft strands at right angles to each other. The possibilities for interlacing warp and weft yarns are nearly unlimited. The warp yarn is sometimes referred to as the ends, while the weft yarn is referred to as the pick or filler. To function as a single entity, interlaced yarns must have sufficient cohesive forces between them, and woven fabrics must have an unusually high length or width to thickness ratio. The process of weaving threads into fabric is done on a "loom," which is also known as a "weaving machine." The warp and weft yarns must be prepared before weaving. Weft yarns that are spun directly are used as is, although they are occasionally rewound in small bobbins on a winding machine to make a bigger weft yarn package. Before being woven, the warp yarn undergoes

The black point means that the warp yarn is over the weft yarn, and the white point means that the weft yarn is over the warp yarn Figure 8: Weave kinds (A) Plain weave, (B) Satin weave, (C) Honeycomb weave, (D) Twill weave, (E) Fancy cord weave and (F) Fancy mesh

Figure 9: Types of fabric construction

Figure 10: plain weave (1/1) fabrics construction When the numerator and denominator of the weave formula have the same value as in the case of 2/2, the warp rib is extended.3/3 and 4/4 are two further examples of normal warp ribs.[2] Figure 11 shows regular Warp Rib weave fabrics construction.

Irregular matt weave is defined as a matt weave with unequal spacing on both sides of the fabric.

Figure 18: Transposed twill (4/4) weave fabrics construction Rearranged twill is another name for transposed twill. Only the original twill weave is rearranged in this twill to create more appealing motifs. The transposition simply interrupts the basic twill line at the break unit's specified intervals. The technique of transposition is very similar to that of twill breaking as shown in Figure 17

Figure 16: Twills weave fabrics construction Plain weave has more interlacements than twill weave, hence the threads in plain weave have a larger contact area due to the interlacements. When compared to twill weave, the plain weave has better tensile resistance. Twill weaves have longer floats than plain weaves, hence thread slippage is greater in this weave when it is torn. aededels Transposed Twill

Figure 24: Broken twill (4/4) weave fabrics construction The standard twill is broken at certain intervals to create this twill as shown in Figure 23. This weave can be used to create a variety of unique designs. The most basic and popular approach to break a regular twill is to stop it and reverse the next ends according to the broken unit. [31]

Satin/sateen is a basic weave that, unlike twill, does not have a regular pattern as shown in Figure 29 . The fabric's surface is either warp or weft-faced. Satin is warp facing, which means that the warp threads are visible on the entire surface of the fabric save for one thread interlaced with other yarn series. It's called sateen if it's weft facing, which means the weft threads are largely visible on the fabric's surface. The single interlacement of warp and weft threads in a single repeating unit distinguishes this weave. Among the fundamental weaves, these have the fewest interlacement points. As a result, it enhances the shine and smoothness of the fabric's surface.[37] Figure 30: Satin weave fabrics construction

This weave is further subdivided into three different varieties, Single-Ridge Honey Comb, Double-Ridge Honey Comb, and Brighton Honey Comb. [30] Figure 32: Honey Comb weave fabrics construction

Figure 34: Huck a Back weave fabrics construction

Figure 38: Mock Leno weave fabrics construction

Figure 36: Crepe (sateen based, 7 end) weave fabrics construction